why people do commit suicide? reasons? statistics? types of Suicides?

2. INTRODUCTION
• “Deliberate killing of oneself”,
• From modern Latin suicidium "suicide," from Latin
sui "of oneself" + cidium "a killing"
• Suicide is “the act of voluntarily taking one’s own life”.
•It includes all cases of death in which the person was
known to consequence of such act.

3. EMILE DURKHEIM
•Emile Durkheim, born in 1858 in Epinale, France.
•19th century French Sociologist and the founder of
Sociology.
•He lived in an era in which France faced major
transformation from traditional agricultural society to
modern industrial one.

4. •Pioneered use of statistics in sociology
•Developed theories of social structure and social
facts.

5. TYPES OF SUICIDE
•Durkheim classified suicide
into four categories in his
Book “Suicide: A study in
Sociology”
•Types of suicide are based on
reason of conduct

6. TYPES OF SUICIDE
•The four categories as described by Durkheim areas follows:
 Egoistic suicide
Altruistic suicide
Anomic suicide
Fatalistic suicide

7. CONTD.
•Egoistic Suicide:
When an individual feels socially
isolated and lonely.
He thinks that he has no place in the
society and is worthless.

8. •Altruistic Suicide:
It occurs due to intense social integration and
connection.
In order to benefit others.

9. CONTD.
•Anomic Suicide:
Occurs as result of anomie.
In response to sudden loss
or incident.

10. •Fatalistic Suicide:
In result of overregulation
Pressure of societal norms and restrictions

11. PARA SUICIDE
• An individual apparently seems as if trying to kill himself
but doesn’t.
• In such case there are some hidden intentions and goals of
the actor to persuade others for some cause.

12. EFFECTS OF SUICIDE
•Suicide rate is high in young people especially in students.
•When students cannot perform well in the exams and they fail
the exams the they feel dishearten and attempt suicide.
•When people could not get job after getting a lot education
they also attempt suicide for not getting the job.
•Families for fear of being blamed by others for the cause of
suicide do not talk about the incident.

13. CONTD.
Communication gap Feel guilty

14. IMPACT OF SUICIDE
Children educationstress

15. CONTD.
Social stigma Other family member commit suicide

16. CONTD.
Friends and family are mentally disturbed

17. CAUSES AND REASONS
•PEOPLE WHO HAVE NO HOPE FOR THE FUTURE THINK
SUICIDE IS THE ONLY SOLUTION - ‘TUNNEL VISION’.

18. DEPRESSION
•Feeling of sadness and loss
of interest
•Depression due to loss of
job, financial problems,
hopelessness about certain
thing etc.

19. AGE
• OLDER AND EXPERIENCED PERSON MAKE
SOLID PLAN OF ATTEMPTING SUICIDE AND
THE RATE OF SUCCESS OF SUICIDE ATTEMPT IS
MORE THEN ANY ADOLESCENCE BECAUSE
THEY CHOOSE MORE DEADLIER PLAN OF
SUICIDE

20. MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS:
•It is the extend to which we can
handle stress.
•Emotionally weak people face
problems

21. CONT…
• Bipolar disorder (mood disorder), anxiety disorder
(stress disorder), personality disorder, psychotic disorder
(impaired thinking etc.), trauma related disorder
• It is worth noticing that 95% people that committed
suicide suffer from mental disorders.

22. SUBSTANCE ABUSE:
• Consumption of drugs and alcohol in
excess.
• Drugs and alcohol gradually cause
mental illness causing impairment of
thinking and judgment.

23. •These people cannot distinguish between right and
wrong
• They may perceive a normal activity in a wrong way
causing wrong and emotional decision.

24. HISTORY OF ABUSE:
•People are being abused or
witnessing continuous abuse.
•A person continuously facing
torcher

25. •A person that has witnessed any traumatic
activity suffer from mental illness.
•Many people that had committed suicide had a
history of family violence including physical,
sexual, verbal or emotional abuse

26. HISTORY OF SUICIDE :
•History of previous suicide attempt or seeing other’s
suicide.
• A person having family history of suicidal mental
illness.
•Suicidal attempt seeing others is called Impulsive
behaviors.

27. •Exposure to suicidal behavior of others like close
ones, news and fiction stories and characters that
are being idealized.
•On average, follow up period of suicide
attempters is 3.88 years.

28. IMITATION:
• Imitation refers to learning
though observation of the model's behavior.
• Imitation of suicidal behavior can be developed by
mass media and also due to peer groups, friends and
school environments.

29. •If the model has some importance in a person
life it increases chances of imitation and also
there are stronger imitating effects when there are
similarities or strong bond between the young
person and the model.

30. MURDER AND SUICIDE:
•It is also called homicide suicide
that is killing others and then
themselves.
•Occurs due to conflict with spouse
or loved ones, any family, legal or
financial problem, depression,
substance abuse etc.

31. LACK OF SOCIAL AND FAMILY SUPPORT:
•Poor relationship with parents or peers and feelings of
social isolation.
•Suffering any bullying or harassment and lack of backup
support to cope such situation

32. •Loss of significant relationship and failure to gain
morale or emotional support
•Stressful life events that seem minor to elders such as
problem in school or loss of friendship.

33. CONT.
•Lack of support in problems like financial, academic or
cyberbullying from family, friends or other related
• Transgender and other sexual minorities
•Poor communication between parents and child and
direct conflicts with parent lead to suicidal cases

34. ACADEMIC STRUGGLES:
•In schools children may face
bullying and harassment.
•Students that face school violence by
teachers or seniors also become
pressurized.

35. CONT…
•In is also seen that young people who commit suicide were
also found to have low self confidence and poorer problem
solving skills then their fellows.
•There is also pressure on student by family and teachers to
fit in a particular environment, acting responsibly and
performing academically.

36. CONT.
•They get pressurized due to high expectations and if
they fail to perform well they commit suicide if they are
not understood rather condemned.
•Some teen that are transgender are from sexual
minorities confront bullying

37. SEXUAL MINORITY YOUTH AND SUICIDE:
•Youth from sexual minorities are at risk of depression and self-harm.
•28% population of sexual minorities have past experience of suicide
due lack of social acceptance, self esteem and bullying.
• Involvement in substance abuse due to social negligence.

38. TEEN YEARS:
•Teenagers face difficulties of transition into adulthood.
• It is a confusing period, with self doubts, pressures to
succeed, leaving teens feeling isolated from family or peers.
•Every individual has some personality characteristics that
effect the way a person perceive different situations.

39. •‘Dichotomy thinking’ - perceive different events
as totally’ black’ or ‘white’ that is totally good or
bad.
•The inability in problem solving and mood
fluctuation.

40. STATISTICAL REVIEW OF SUICIDAL RATES
•There are 800,000 different people that are dying in suicidal
cases each year.
•The suicide contributes almost 1.4% to global death rate.
•The suicide rate for men is twice as high as for women.
•In Pakistan there is almost no difference, in India the difference
is 1.4 and in china 1.6.

41. CONTD.
•In 2017, the highest death rate from suicide was in south
Korea.
•3.9% was recorded in Qatar.
•In SriLanka the rate was 3.6%.
•The much lower rate in that year was in Greece and
Indonesia which was 0.4% and 0.5% respectively.

42. CONT…
•In 2018, according to world population review the suicide rate was highest in
SriLanka (35.3) suicide per 100,000.
•South Korea was ranked second which is followed by eastern European
countries including Belarus and Poland.
•The fourth rank was western European countries particularly Belgium.
•The fifth country was Bhutan which is famous for gross national happiness
(an index to measure collective happiness).

43. SUICIDE RATES IN USA
•AFSP, each year 44000 people commit suicide each year. It was
a second leading cause of death among people whom ages are in
between 15 to 34 years.
•77% of us suicides are committed by men.
•One of the examples of economic factor is the increase of
suicidal rates in us from 2005 to 2010 due to economic fall in
2007.
•Which is also known as global financial crisis and often compare
to great depression of 1930.

44. SUICIDAL RATES IN ASIAN COUNTRIES
• Nearly 60% of suicidal cases occur in Asia which means more
than 60 million people get affected by suicide annually.
•The quality of research here is less reliable than in the west.
•The gap between male and female suicide rates is much lower or
even negligible in Asian countries.

45. SUICIDE RATES IN PAKISTAN
•According to WHO, the rate of suicide in Pakistan in
2012 was 7.5 per 100,000.
•Which means 13000 people end up their lives every year.
•In 2016 the estimated rate was 2.9 per 100,000 which
mean 5,500 people commit suicide.
•A study conducted in 2008 reveal some major facts

46. SUICIDE RATES IN PAKISTAN
•In Peshawar suicide rates recorded were 0.3/100,000
while 2.86 in Rawalpindi.
•The highest suicide rate for men was recorded in arcana
which was 7.06.
•Alarming high rate can be seen in Bahawalpur, that,
Peshawar and Lahore which have doubled in recent years.

47. SUICIDE RATES IN INDIA
•India had the highest suicide rate in south east Asian region in
2016.The suicide rate stood on 16.5% which is higher than global
rate.
•The female suicide rate is much higher than male and thus India
stand on third on the basis of male suicide rate in this region.
•From 1978 to 1990 the rate rose from 6.3 per 100,000 to 8.9
which is an increase of 41.3%.

48. CONTD.
•In 2009 the rate was 10.9 which show how the rate is growing in the
area.
•The country bears death of 6% teenagers and youths annually.
•Within the country the highest rate was in Sikkim, Tamil, and Kerala
which was 36.8 and lowest rate was in Behar followed by Nagaland
and Manipur.

50. SUICIDAL RATES IN CHINA
•Statistics shows that between the period of 1990 -2016 suicide rates
fell by 9.7%.
•According to who, in 2016, suicide rates in china was 9.7 per
100,000 people.
•China is one included in one of the few countries where female
suicide rates are much higher than men.
•This can be seen in the report of 2016 where suicide rates for men
was 9.1 and for women 10.3.

52. SUICIDAL RATES IN BANGLADESH
•According to world health organization 9642 people commit suicide in the
year 2011.
•The number rose to 10,108, 10,129, 10,200 in 2012, 2013 and 2014
respectively.
•The recent statistics of 2017, an average of 30 people commit suicide every
day.
•The women in the country are more prone to suicide than men.

54. PREVENTIONS OF SUICIDE

55. SIGNS OF SUICIDE
•Talking about death or
suicide
•Feelings of hopelessness
•Saying that they are a
burden
•Withdrawing from friends
and family

56. •Losing interest in activities
•Extreme mood swings
•Giving away possessions
•Saying goodbye to family and friends

57. Listen carefully Offer hope Be sympathetic

58. Take the person seriously
Spread awareness Offer help and support

59. THINGS PARENTS CAN DO TO PREVENT
SUICIDE
•Don't let your teen's depression or anxiety snowball.
•Listen even when teen is not talking.
•Never shrug off threats of suicide as
typical teenage melodrama.
•Share your feelings.

60. CONTD.
•Encourage teens not to isolate themselves
from family and friends.
•Tell teen not to demand too much of himself
or herself.
•If you keep guns at home, store them safely.

61. CONCLUSION:
•Suicide is an attention seeking issue. It is not only leading to loss of human
lives but of expertise too.
•Social media is playing major role in prevailing it.
•Most cases occur because the person feels neglected and worthless.
•Basic need of affiliation and belongingness is all he seeks.
•People around him should not miss the symptoms and should try to help
him.

62. RECOMMENDATIONS
•People need to understand that taking their lives and committing suicide in
order to refrain from the problem is not an option.
•Those who feel neglected should talk about things and mention their
problems and stress to friends and family.
•If someone notices that a certain individual might do so, he should help
them rather than just leaving them in their condition.

63. ANY QUESTIONS?