The document discusses the evolving role of online scholarly resources in the context of higher education, emphasizing the need for continuity in access for researchers, students, and educators. It highlights the initiatives led by the University of Edinburgh and JISC, focusing on the importance of digital curation, preservation, and collaboration at various network levels. Additionally, it addresses the changing landscape of scholarly communication and the challenges posed by open access and digital repositories.

1. Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources Stewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access, Geography & History! Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK September 2009

2. Re-making History and Geography As a visitor from a small island in the Far West of shared land mass … whose organisation and client community now lives on the Internet! I say 你好 "nihao”

3. Overview for Talk Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources An abstract model Re-thinking Our Role How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’? at the national or regional level at the trans-national, global level

4. Overview for Talk * Happy to break for Questions after each part* Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources An abstract model Re-thinking Our Role How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’? at the national or regional level at the trans-national, global level

5. 1. Introduction and Business Card: setting the scene Personal biography / background ‘ 25 years of digital in experience’ [email_address] University of Edinburgh www.ed.ac.uk ‘ my employer’ and ‘the host institution for EDINA’ JISC - Joint Information Systems Committee www.jisc.ac.uk ‘ UK context’, ‘the money’ and ‘the vision’ EDINA www.edina.ac.uk ‘ the organisation I lead’

6. Personal Biography Degree in Economics special subject was planned economies, including China & USSR First went to work at Economic & Social Research Council in London as research administrator Decided to change career Masters’ degree in Statistics (at London School of Economics) Moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1979 My mother had been born in Scotland; I used to visit on school holidays

7. EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UK a history of global influence on ideas & invention Scottish Enlightenment, 18th Century a society that has long wished to be ‘evidence based’ That we should know ourselves, and the reason for things

8. Edinburgh

9. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 First ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in Europe a research-led international university Philosophy & Economics David Hume, Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson Natural Sciences Charles Darwin, Joseph Black, James Clerk Maxwell Law & Medicine James Simpson

10. University of Edinburgh is aiming to be World Class! 23rd [up from 30th in 2005] in ‘Times Higher’ 2008 World University Rankings: 1 st Harvard (USA); 2 nd = Cambridge & Oxford (UK), Yale (USA) . 6 th Imperial College London; 7 th University College London (UK) . 22 nd Kings College London; 23 rd Edinburgh; 29 th Manchester USA has 58 in the top 200, EU has 82, including UK with 29 * Not the only Index/Ranking; Should anyone worry about such statistics? The six criteria, weighted and added together, are peer review (40%), citations (20%), staff/student ratio (20%), employer review (10%), international staff (5%) and international students (5%).

11. University of Edinburgh in 2007/8 (2003/4) Total Students: 25,700 (23,000) full time: 21,500 (20,000) part time: 4,200 ( 3,000) Type of student % undergraduates 72 (75) taught postgraduates 14 (11) research postgraduates 14 (14) Student Origin % from Scotland 46 (46) Other UK 32 (30) EU 9 ( 8) other international 15 (14) 2% from China Total income (£m): 555 (353) HE Funding Councils 177 (125) Research Grants/Contracts 143 (103) Student Fees 82 ( 54) [3,000 academic + 3,000+ other staff = £297m (£202m)] Source of Research Income (£m): 143 (103) % Research Councils 41 (35) Charities 24 (28) UK Government, eg JISC 13 (22) EU Bodies 14 ( 7) Commerce 10 ( 6) Note: in 2003/4, EDINA earnt £2.5m of the £4m the University gets from the JISC [update for 2007/08] 26,424 students in 2008/9 ?% from China Strategy is to reduce dependence on Government and to internationalize.

12. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582 University of Edinburgh Alumni from China Office in Beijing & Confucius Institute in Edinburgh Huang Kuan was first Chinese graduate: Doctor of Medicine in 1857 Late Professor Yang Liming, leading nuclear physicist in China & world Professor Zhong Nan-shan, who identified SARS virus, received honorary degree in 2007 In 2001, Professor Huang Kun (who worked with Max Born, Edinburgh Nobel prize-winne) received Supreme Scientific and Technological Award from President Jiang Zemin for solid state physics Professor Fan WenFei, graduate of Beijing University, is now in Informatics

13. So, I’m a data person Employed by the University of Edinburgh, since 1979 First as survey statistician in research centre for educational sociology & then senior lecturer in social science graduate school In 1984 I changed career again to set up Edinburgh University Data Library Then combining that with Co-director, Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1987/93 Director, EDINA national data centre, 1996 - present day Past-President of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001 international assoc. for data librarians and archivists www.iassistdata.org Director, Digital Curation Centre, 2004 - 2006 (Phase 1) www.dcc.ac 25 years of digital in experience as information methodologist and strategist and I have had to learn to work with, and for: other researchers, librarians, software engineers, data curators, teachers, etc

14. wearing two formal hats Director, EDINA National Data Centre with a staff of 75+ serving staff and students at all UK universities and colleges 2. Member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh My boss: Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management & Librarian to University My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing and of AV/Learning Technology, now in converged service divisions Also speaking here with you as a fellow professional trying to make sense of what is going on, planning for the future during ‘interesting times’ funded by the JISC, so I must say something about JISC!

16. Joint Information Systems Committee Standing committee of the UK funding councils for higher and further education (an agent of Government Agencies) Governing Board with Sub-Committees for specific areas with representatives from universities and other research bodies Responsible for ‘top-slice’ recurrent funding + special capital grants: To manage and fund projects within thematic programmes Outputs and lessons made available to HE and FE community. To support 50 Services providing online resources, expertise, advice and guidance 3 largest services are JANET(UK) - which oversees high speed networking two national academic data centres, EDINA and Mimas Executive of 80 staff to support work of JISC Board and sub-committees

17. Strategic Mission & Aims, 2007-2009 “ to provide world-class leadership in the innovative use of ICT, to support education and research” To deliver innovative and sustainable ICT infrastructure, services and practice that support institutions in meeting their missions. To promote the development, uptake and effective use of ICT to support learning and teaching to support research to support the management of institutions To develop and implement a programme to support institutions’ engagement with the wider community. Continuing to improve JISC’s own working practices.

18. UK funding councils for HE & FE Content, Tools & Infrastructure JISC Sub-Committees JISC Collections acting as platform for network-level services & helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges UK Research Councils National Data Centres

19. Infrastructure to support four ‘demand-side’ verbs discover information object of interest e.g. article referenced in database, A&I, eToC, etc locate organisation offering service e.g. library (union catalogue/OPAC) or document delivery service request use of service via payment of money or privilege of membership access object of interest via personal visit, document delivery, online access based on MODELS workshops (UKOLN/JISC eLib)

20. EDINA, UK National Data Centre Mission: to enhance productivity of research, learning & teaching in higher & further education delivering online services, 24/7 … http:// edina.ac.uk

22. EDINA, UK National Data Centre EDINA designated as national data centre in 1995/96 University had to compete for the role and status based on online experience of University’s Data Library, 1983/84 - There is a ‘sister’ national data centre, Mimas at University of Manchester Acknowledged high quality of online service, 24/7 (99% uptime) good reputation for helpdesk, user interfaces, FAQs etc geared to researchers and students and end-users with support of librarians and other academic support staff Acknowledged project competence for R&D we work with Researchers; we turn their work into Development Growth in online services, client base and usage, year-on-year E dinburgh D ata IN formation A ccess ‘ Edina’ is also the poetic name for Edinburgh Referred to by Robert Burns in ‘Address to Edinburgh’, 1793 A digitized copy of the manuscript is on our website!

23. 2. Our Changing World Time to re-examine old verities in our scholarly world about 40 years after the invention of the Internet and only 13 years since the arrival of the Web. How should we re-think our online services, as value-added network-level services? as the relationship between Author and Reader is changing as we must deal with all sorts of digital resources Time to play with an abstract model … ... a picture show

24. A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author Reader writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interest Locate service on those articles Request permission to use service Access to service/article article is the ‘information object of desire’

25. We could generalise what follows to research data and other digital resources Creator Researcher Generates (curates) data for own purpose, or as part of team … wants/has to ‘put’ it somewhere for use by others (perhaps to be recognised by a peer community) Key User (Researcher) Verbs: Discover data of interest Locate service on that data with documentation on provenance etc Request permission to use service Access to service/data Evidential value of data in analysis as object of desire’

26. A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication Author Reader writes to be recognised by peer community & for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes … perhaps to be read Key User (Reader) Verbs: Discover article of interest Locate service on those articles Request permission to use service Access to service/article article is the ‘information object of desire’

27. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Scholarly Communication (focus on article–length work published in journals) Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

28. Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Scholarly Communication (focus on article–length work published in journals) Libraries and Publishers provide framework … the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’ ... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf) £ P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

29. Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Institutional Provision for Online Access (Access to article–length work) Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel Value-add £ services

30. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library Licence Importance of Academic Peers peer review peer exchange ‘ invisible college’ Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society

31. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Peer-to-Peer Communication - beyond institutional walls peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society

32. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Online Service Provision peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel ‘ Open Access’ Institutional Repositories free to web access E-prints ££ learned society Subject Repositories

33. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Licensed Online Access Fo rma£ E c onomy ILL/ docdel Continuity of access learned society Long term digital preservation E-prints Institutional Repositories free to web access E-prints Subject Repositories

34. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence* Forecasting change for the traditional model? P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

35. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence* Forecasting change for the traditional model? P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005 * Open Access Publisher premium (Gold) Author/funder pays Author self-archiving (Green) Deposit mandate Access (can be delayed) or request only

36. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence* Forecasting change for the traditional model? P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005 * All is Licensed, whether for: Open Access Privileged of Membership Access Payment of Cash Access

37. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence* Forecasting change for the traditional model? P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005 * All is Licensed, whether for: Open Access Privileged of Membership Access Payment of Cash Access

38. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence (2) Pressure of Peer-to-Peer peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy learned society free to web access

39. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence Increasing dominance of The Web peer to peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy free to web access Role of Institutional Repositories? Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis

40. Author (article) Reader (article) Publisher article serial issue Library (serial) Licence The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts Open peer review? peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Fo rma£ E c onomy Role of learned society? free to web access Role of Institutional Repositories? Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis Publisher engagement Value-add £ services

41. Peer (Creator) Peer (User) University attention Where will our (virtual) scholars want to be? peer review peer exchange Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’ Institutional arrangement Privilege of membership Forma£ economy Open Access free2web access Social networking learned society P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2008 Journal Commercial arrangement Payment of money

42. We have all come a long way in last 40 years Before the 1970s, when the Internet was emerging: less than 5% went to university in the UK 43% in 2007/08; Government target is 50% University libraries were a world of print & manuscripts ‘ resource sharing’ meant staff and students visiting libraries resources were books, journal volumes & special collections with worry about ‘grey literature’ Inter-Library Loan was the big thing! computers did existed, but … mainly used for ‘computing’ (add/subtract/multiply) ‘ telecom networks’ were specialist & military ‘ text processing’ was a research area (or the domain of the spy!)

43. 3. Re-thinking Our Role: Emergence of Digital Library mix of the document tradition ( signifying objects & their use) and the computation tradition ( applying algorithmic, logical, mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management) “ Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.” M.Buckland, Journal of American Society for Information Science, 50 p970-74 1999 More than ‘just’ published scholarly record in journals and books More than what has been digitized; need to include the ‘born digital’ The digital library has words, numbers, pictures and sounds Numeric data, online learning & teaching materials, digital pictures and other audio-visual materials What do researchers do? And what do they want/need of a digital library - that they cannot do for themselves?

44. Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly works The central task is to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need Digital preservation is crucial but need to keep focus on ‘continuity of access’ "I am in no way interested in immortality, but only in the taste of tea." Lu T'ung (born 755 A.D., reputedly lived 400 years)

45. 4. EDINA’s role at the network level In mid-90s, we had planned a future based on hosting key A&I Databases, but market changed. Since 2002 we have been re-making our future with: Suncat , UK national union catalogue of serials National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money) Investigated Shibboleth for JISC and Developed pilot for UK Access Management Federation for Education & Research Now funded as Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group Digital preservation CLOCKSS Access Host for orphaned content; Edinburgh University as Archive Node Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative Piloting an e-journals preservation registry, with ISSN-IC [will say more] User Generated Content & Open Access The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility Jorum for learning and teaching materials having already diversified with GeoSpatial and Multimedia, and supporting JISC with e-learning …

46. Examples of ‘Network-level’ Projects & Services For this talk: PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service For some other talk: The Depot and OA Repository Junction open access deposit Datashare Data as ‘evidence’ how to support researchers and their research data Jorum the UK national repository for online learning & teaching materials Spatial Data Infrastructure: Digimap and ShareGeo Topographic mapping data, from national mapping agency Marine & Geological mapping data Sounds and Pictures (moving & still) as digital resource Enhancing the cultural record as data for research UK Access Management Federation / Shibboleth Authentication & Authorisation

47. blank <insert slides on PEPRS>

48. 5. Framework for collaborative activity at the regional or national level UK China, USA, etc at the trans-national level across EU Funding Programmes across nation states, eg ASEAN/AUNILO Internationally CLOCKSS: (Controlled) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe PEPRS

49. Re-thinking the reach of our stewardship What is special about scholarship? What is so different about digital? What is so terrific about the tele-matics of the Internet? All that is digital & accessed from afar Sharing across geography with wider world Sharing across time with future scholarship Example The CLOCKSS initiative www.clockss.org World’s leading publishers agree to the routine ingest of their digital journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived libraries acting as Archive Nodes Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the Internet to ensure bit-consistency and integrity

50. In September 2006, I was invited to give the plenary at the 3rd Meeting of AUNILO, on ‘Resource Sharing’. Very diverse in nearly everyway but shared geography, the leading ASEAN universities were planning an ASEAN Digital Library. Sharing infrastructure even if they had to have separate subscriptions.

51. A rare opportunity: In April 2008, I was fortunate to visit Egypt, another long-lived civilization, to sail down the Nile … … I awoke one morning at dawn

52. Academy Economy Technology That what we are doing in the universities and research organisations has enduring and wide significance, then and now. to reflect upon what I had learnt, about then and now.

53. Knowledge Data Information A lot of talk about knowledge manageme nt , and we do know somethings, but the challenge is still in infomration management, and even more so in data management And what do we need to support the academy, and so contribute to the economy, society and technology? Wisdom

54. It is September, when we mark the Equininox, when the day is as long as the night, all over the world … It is 2009, when you mark the 60th Anniversary of the Peoples’ Republic Many Congratulations, with offer of friendship and cooperation, to work for global scholarship across the Internet! Re-making History and Geography

55. Everyday is a school day, I intend to learn more, perhaps to become a student again! In September 2009, I have the good fortune to visit China, another long-lived civilization, one that is also a society re-emerging onto the world stage. I looked to find a single image, that signifies the potential that China has to re-make history and geography. Looking to the future Many popular icons, and I have started to read the Tang poets, but in the end … And I await your questions THANK YOU … I chose this.