This document presents a research proposal on the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on radish production. The study will be conducted at Valley View University's Techiman campus in Ghana. The researcher aims to evaluate the impact of different fertilizer regimes (organic, inorganic, and a mixture) on radish yield and cost. Two radish varieties will be grown under various treatment conditions in a split plot field design. Data on plant growth, flowering, yield, and costs will be collected and analyzed to determine which fertilizer application maximizes radish production. It is expected that a mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizers will yield the highest returns.

1. VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY -TECHIMAN CAMPUS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON:
THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER
APPLICATION ON RADISH PRODUCTION.
“A CASE STUDY AT VVU TECHIMAN CAMPUS”
A PRESENTATION BY
NKANSAH MANU ENOCH
(211AB01000007)

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 INTRODUCTION
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 EXPECTED OUTCOME

3. RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

4. RADISH
RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

5. INTRODUCTION
 (Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the
Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe,
in pre-Roman times.
 Radish were originally cultivated in China.
 There are quick –growing spring type radishes and
slow –growing summer and winter radishes.
 Like other brassicas,radishes contain mustard oils
which give them pungency.

6. INTRODUCTION
 Diakons are a long white Asian type of winter radish.
 Radish leaves are deeply pinnate and form a basal
rosette.
 Most radishes produce a flower stalk in cool
temperatures followed by long days of initiate
bolting.
 They are grown and consumed throughout the world.
Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in size,
color and duration of required cultivation time.

7. INTRODUCTION
Radish is a good source of :
 Vitamin C which powers human immune system and
keeps the skin youthful.
 Potassium.
 Magnesium and
 Trace amounts of other nutrients.
 Four radishes supplies 5 kilocalories.
 Red radish are low in calories

8. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 There is however a knowledge gap as to which type
of fertilizer use will bring out a maximum yield of the
crop in this region of the country.

9. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
MAIN AIM
 To assess the effect of various fertilizer regime on
radish production.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
 To evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic
fertilizer on radish production in terms of their cost
and yield.

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Flowering or bolting in annual radishes can occur
after roots reach edible size and the plant is exposed
to warm temperature.
 Radish is a quick growing cool season root vegetable.
The seed will germinate in 3 to 4 days with soil
temperatures of 18 to 30 C with good moisture.
 The best quality and root shape are obtained when the
crop grows and matures at moderate temperatures (10
to 18 C) in intermediate to short day lengths.

11. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Once the plant produces a flower stalk ,radish
flavor and quality deteriorate.
 Radish flowers are insect pollinated. Root crops grow
best on fluffy soils with good tilth.Radish crop can
tolerate a wide pH range of 6.0-7.0.
 This crop requires a well drained sandy loam or loam
with a good supply of organic matter as well as an
even moisture supply for good quality (mild, tender
and attractive).

12. LITERATURE REVIEW
 Rocky or gravelly soils are generally not acceptable
especially if bed harvest is to be used. Peat(Partially
carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water) is
suitable for production of radish.
 Planting deeper then produces elongated roots.
Planting depth should be 0.5 to 1 cm, Spacing, rows
should be 20 to 30 cm apart.
 Irrigation should be frequent and uniform to ensure
good growth.

13. METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS AND METHOD
MATERIALS NEEDED.
 For successful production of Radish, the following
materials will be obtained.
 Land for production.
 Radish seeds namely (Cherry Belle and Daikon Long
White)
 Inorganic fertilizer(N.P.K)
 Organic fertilizer.(Poultry Manure)

14. MATERIALS AND METHOD
 Irrigation system.
 Weedicides and pesticides.
 Knapsack sprayer.
The two varieties to be used are as follows;
Cherry Belle
Daikon Long White.
NURSERY
 The seeds will be nursed until they are ready for
transplanting to the field when soil conditions are
favorable for easy establishment of the seedlings.

15. MATERIALS AND METHOD
SOIL PREPARATION
 Fields will be prepared thoroughly by plowing and
harrowing ,removing the different types of plant debris.
WEEDING
 The purpose of the weeding is to control weeds that
compete with the crops and prevent the spread of
diseases and pests.
 Two (2) weeks after transplanting, the first weeding is
done and the second weeding is done from 6 weeks.

16. MATERIALS AND METHOD
FERTILIZATION
 The two forms that will be employed to amend the radish
production are the organic and the inorganic fertilizers.
 Apply ¼ cup per 10 foot of row of a nitrogen-based fertilizer
(21-0-0) after emergence to encourage rapid plant growth.
Place the fertilizer to the side of the plants and irrigate it into
the soil.
IRRIGATION
 The radish plant will be watered on 2 times daily (morning and
evening).
Water holes or watering can will be used as a means of
irrigation to the radish plants.

17. MATERIALS AND METHOD
DATA TO BE COLLECTED
 Plant height.
 Number of leaves per plant.
 Time of flowering initiation
 50% flower initiation.
 Full flower initiation.
 Number of flowers per plant

18. MATERIALS AND METHOD
DATA TO BE COLLECTED
 Date of harvesting.
 Cost of fertilizers.
 Cost of labourers
 Cost of land preparation

19. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The four treatments are as follows;
T1 – No fertilizer.
T2 – Inorganic fertilizer.
T3 – Organic fertilizer.
T4 –Mixture of organic and Inorganic fertilizer.
The two varieties to be used are as follows;
V1 – Cherry Belle
V2 – Daikon Long White

20. MATERIALS AND METHOD
TREATMENTS
Two(2) varieties (Cherry Belle and Daikon Long
White) will be used with 6 treatments and 3
replications under the Split Plot Block Design.
 The treatments will be V1T1, V1T2, V1T3, V1T4,
V2T1, V2T2, V2T3, V2T4 because of the two
varieties.

21. MATERIALS AND METHOD
 V1T1 – Cherry Belle with no fertilizer.
 V1T2 – Cherry Belle with inorganic fertilizer.
 V1T3 – Cherry Belle with organic fertilizer.
 V1T4 – Cherry Belle with mixture of organic and
inorganic fertilizer.
 V2T1 –Daikon Long White with no fertilizer .
 V2T2 –Daikon Long White with inorganic fertilizer .
 V2T3 – Daikon Long White with organic fertilizer
 V2T4 – Daikon Long White with mixture organic and
inorganic fertilizer

22. MATERIALS AND METHOD
• FIELD LAY OUT UNDER SPLIT PLOT DESIGN
VIT1
V1T4
V1T3
V2T4
V2T1
V2T1
V1T2
V1T3
V1T4
V2T3
V2T2
V2T2
V1T3
V1T2
V1T1
V2T2
V2T3
V2T3
V1T4
V1T1
V1T2
V2T1
V2T4
V2T4

23. MATERIALS AND METHOD
DATA ANALYSIS
 The data collected from the various plots will be
analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
SOURCE OF
VARIATION
Total
DEGREE OF
FREEDOM (df)
16
Treatments
8
Replications
3
Error
5

24. RESEARCH SCHEDULE
ACTIVITIES
TIME REQUIRED (MONTHS)
OCTOBER
LITERATURE REVIEW
LAND
PREPARATION
PLANTING
DATA COLLECTION
CULTURAL PRACTICES
HARVESTING
DATA SCREENING
DATA ANALYSIS
REPORT WRITING
REPORT EDITING AND
SUBMISSION
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH

25. EXPECTED OUTCOME
• It is expected that, Radish that would be grown under
the mixture of the organic and inorganic fertilizers
will yield more than the organic and the inorganic
fertilizer since the nutrients will be more readily
available and adequate for the Radish growth and
yield.

26. CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The expected results from the project is foreseen to
help improve the production of Radish in Ghana.

27. REFERENCES
 Rowe, R. C. Diseases of Radishes in the U.S.A.
North Central Regional Extension Publication No.
126. Wooster, OH. 4 pp.
 Radishes in the Garden Dan Drost and Wade Bitner,
Vegetable Specialists.
 Dainello, Frank J. (November 2003.) "Radish Crop
Guide" Texas Cooperative Extension, Horticulture
Crop Guides Series.