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1. VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY -TECHIMAN CAMPUS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON:
YIELD AND COST ANALYSIS OF SPRING ONION PRODUCTION
UNDER ORGANIC AND INORGACNIC FERTILIZATION (POULTRY
MANURE AND N.P.K.)
“A CASE STUDY AT VVU TECHIMAN CAMPUS”
A PRESENTATION BY
SHEILA OWUSU
(211AB01000009)
4. INTRODUCTION
• Spring onion (Allium fustulosum) belongs to the family
Alliaceae.
• It has elongated food storage leaves which are hollow
and rounded. It also has a short bulb stem and a fibrous
root system which exists at the base of the bulb stem
(Tindall, 1986).
• It originated in Siberia, and is very popular in the East
where it is known as Japanese leek.
5. INTRODUCTION
• The plant requires a well-drained and moist soil. It cannot grow in the
shade and it prefers a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. But lower pH of about 4 is
satisfactory in organic soils (Brewster, 1994).
• The 'stem' is the main edible part of the plant and is used mainly in
salads.
• The bulb of spring onion contains an essential oil that is rich in sulphur
compounds (Nguyen and Thi Nhu, 1989).
• It is antibacterial and antiseptic (Duke and Ayensu, 1985). It is used in
the treatment of colds and abdominal coldness and fullness (Yeung,
1985).
6. INTRODUCTION
• The juice of the plant is used as a moth repellent.
The whole plant is said to repel insects and
moles (Riotte, 1978).
7. INTRODUCTION
• Poultry manure is an efficient organic fertilizer
and is also an important source of plant
nutrients. It contains 3.03%N,2.63%P2O5 and
1.4% of K2O.
• It releases nutrients to the soil and also
improves the physical properties of the soil as
well as enhance the growth and yield of spring
onions.
8. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Framers in the industry do not know which
fertilizer regimes(organic or inorganic)to
apply to spring onions to get maximum
output.
9. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
• To assess the yield potential and cost of producing spring
onions using different fertilizer regimes of (poultry
manure)and inorganic fertilizer(NPK15-15-15)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• To assess the yield potential of spring onion under organic
fertilization(poultry manure)
• To estimate the cost of producing spring onion
• To assess the yield potential of spring onions under
inorganic fertilization.(NPK 15-15-15)
10. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Spring onion (Allium fistulosum). It is grown
throughout the world, but the main area of cultivation
remains Eastern Asia; from Siberia to Indonesia.
• In Africa, it is only locally important and its cultivation
is reported from Sierra Leone, Ghana, Cameroon,
Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Kenya,
Zambia and Zimbabwe).
11. LITERATURE REVIEW
• The entire plant may be pulled and eaten like a
green onion or leaf portions may be snipped
off and used for flavoring (Stephens, 2009).
12. LITERATURE REVIEW
IMPORTANCE OF SPRING ONION
• They can be chopped and added to sauces, stir fries,
and used in other dishes.
• They can also be grilled and eaten plain, or roasted and
served as a garnish or side vegetable.
• Some people enjoy eating spring onions raw with a
little bit of salt. They can also be used raw in salads
(Christman, 2009).
13. LITERATURE REVIEW
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SPRING ONION
• Spring onions are a good source of fibre and
calcium.
• They provide high levels of Vitamin C as well
as potassium.
• They also supply carotenoids and chlorophyll.
14. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Spring onions are grown from sets planted by
mid-March, while bulb onions are commonly
started from transplants.
• Depending on plant spacing, 50,000 to 120,000
onions are planted per acre.
• Because onions have poorly developed root
systems, plants will require supplemental
moisture via irrigation.
15. LITERATURE REVIEW
• SEED RATE - 4kg/ha
• PLANTING TIME - At the start of the cool
season
• RECOMMENDED VARIETIESa. White Lisbon
b. Yellow Bermuda
• CROPPING SEASON- April to October
16. LITERATURE REVIEW
• SPACING
Between rows: 50cm
Plants within rows: 8cm
• GERMINATION : 6 to 10 days after sowing
• FERTILIZER/ MANURE
NPK : 13:13:21 200kg/ha basal at planting.
Urea: 100kg/ha Side dress 4-6 weeks after planting.
Poultry Manure: 5 tones/ha
Mix well in the soil 2 weeks before planting.
18. MATERIALS AND METHOD
DATA TO BE COLLECTED
Plant height.
Number of leaves per plant.
Time of flowering initiation
No of tillers per stand.
Number of man days
Date of harvesting
No of days to maturity
Cost of seeds
Cost of land preparation
Cost of fertilizers
% germination numbers of leaves
19. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The four treatments are as follows;
T1 – No fertilizer.
T2 – Inorganic fertilizer.
T3 – Organic fertilizer
T4- organic + inorganic
The two varieties to be used are as follows;
V1 – (Ghana variety)
V2 – (Burkina variety)
20. MATERIALS AND METHOD
TREATMENTS
Two(2) varieties will be used with 4 levels of
fertilizer and 4 replications under complete
randomized block design
The treatments will be V1T1, V1T2, V1T3, V1T4
V2T1, V2T2, V2T3,V2T4 because of the two
varieties.
21. MATERIALS AND METHOD
V1T1 –Ghana variety with no fertilizer.
V1T2 –Ghana variety with inorganic fertilizer.
V1T3 – Ghana variety with organic fertilizer.
V1T4 – Ghana variety with organic and inorganic
fertilizer
V2T1 –Burkina variety with no fertilizer .
V2T2 – Burkina variety with inorganic fertilizer .
V2T3 – Burkina variety with organic fertilizer
V2T4 –Burkina variety with organic and
inorganic fertilizer
23. MATERIALS AND METHOD
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the various plots will be
analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
SOURCE OF
VARIATION
Total
DEGREE OF
FREEDOM (df)
31
Treatments
7
Replications
3
Error
21
24. RESEARCH SCHEDULE
ACTIVITIES
TIME REQUIRED (MONTHS)
OCTOBER
LITERATURE REVIEW
LAND
PREPARATION
PLANTING
DATA COLLECTION
CULTURAL PRACTICES
HARVESTING
DATA SCREENING
DATA ANALYSIS
REPORT WRITING
REPORT EDITING AND
SUBMISSION
NOVEMBER
DECEMBER
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
25. EXPECTED OUTCOME
• Organic manure (poultry manure) has little or no
residual effect on the field of spring onion
establishment or any other crop for that matter,
furthermore, it improves the soil structure by way of
restoring the soil to its natural state unlike inorganic
fertilizer (NPK 15-15-15) which has residual effect on
the soil in the long run hence, it is expected that, soils
containing organic matter would yield more than soils
containing inorganic fertilizer in terms of spring onion
production
28. REFERENCES
• . (IFOAM (2002). Training Manual for Organic Agriculture in the
Tropics, Compiled by FiBL. )
• (http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/objtwr/imported_assets/content/hort/ve
g/cp/onions/f03099.pdf)
• AMAS, (2001). Use of poultry litter for vegetable production. Food
and Agricultural Research Council, Réduit, Mauritius.
• Dikinya, O. and Mufwanzala, N. (2010). Chicken manure-enhanced
soil fertility and productivity: Effects of application rates. Journal of
Soil Science and Environmental Management. 1(3): 46-54.
