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VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY -TECHIMAN CAMPUS
RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON:
THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER
APPLICATION ON RADISH PRODUCTION.
“A CASE STUDY AT VVU TECHIMAN CAMPUS”
A PRESENTATION BY
NKANSAH MANU ENOCH
(211AB01000007)
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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
 INTRODUCTION
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 EXPECTED OUTCOME
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RADISH (Raphanus sativus)
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INTRODUCTION
 (Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in
Europe, in pre-Roman times.
 Radish were originally cultivated in China.

2.  There are quick –growing spring type radishes and slow –growing summer and winter radishes.
 Like other brassicas,radishes contain mustard oils which give them pungency.
 Diakons are a long white Asian type of winter radish.
 Radish leaves are deeply pinnate and form a basal rosette.
 Most radishes produce a flower stalk in cool temperatures followed by long days of initiate bolting.
 They are grown and consumed throughout the world. Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in
size, color and duration of required cultivation time.
Radish is a good source of :
 Vitamin C which powers human immune system and keeps the skin youthful.
 Potassium.
 Magnesium and
 Trace amounts of other nutrients.
 Four radishes supplies 5 kilocalories.
 Red radish are low in calories
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
 There is however a knowledge gap as to which type of fertilizer use will bring out a maximum yield
of the crop in this region of the country.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
MAIN AIM
 To assess the effect of various fertilizer regime on radish production.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
 To evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on radish production in terms of their cost
and yield.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
 Flowering or bolting in annual radishes can occur after roots reach edible size and the plant is
exposed to warm temperature.
 Radish is a quick growing cool season root vegetable. The seed will germinate in 3 to 4 days with
soil temperatures of 18 to 30 C with good moisture.

3.  The best quality and root shape are obtained when the crop grows and matures at moderate
temperatures (10 to 18 C) in intermediate to short day lengths.
 Once the plant produces a flower stalk ,radish flavor and quality deteriorate.
 Radish flowers are insect pollinated. Root crops grow best on fluffy soils with good tilth.Radish
crop can tolerate a wide pH range of 6.0-7.0.
 This crop requires a well drained sandy loam or loam with a good supply of organic matter as well as
an even moisture supply for good quality (mild, tender and attractive).
 Rocky or gravelly soils are generally not acceptable especially if bed harvest is to be used.
Peat(Partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water) is suitable for production of radish.
 Planting deeper then produces elongated roots. Planting depth should be 0.5 to 1 cm, Spacing, rows
should be 20 to 30 cm apart.
 Irrigation should be frequent and uniform to ensure good growth.
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METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS AND METHOD
MATERIALS NEEDED.
 For successful production of Radish, the following materials will be obtained.
 Land for production.
 Radish seeds namely (Cherry Belle and Daikon Long White)
 Inorganic fertilizer(N.P.K)
 Organic fertilizer.(Poultry Manure)
 Irrigation system.
 Weedicides and pesticides.
 Knapsack sprayer.
The two varieties to be used are as follows;
 Cherry Belle
 Daikon Long White.
NURSERY
 The seeds will be nursed until they are ready for transplanting to the field when soil conditions are
favorable for easy establishment of the seedlings.

4. SOIL PREPARATION
 Fields will be prepared thoroughly by plowing and harrowing ,removing the different types of plant
debris.
WEEDING
 The purpose of the weeding is to control weeds that compete with the crops and prevent the spread of
diseases and pests.
 Two (2) weeks after transplanting, the first weeding is done and the second weeding is done from 6
weeks.
FERTILIZATION
 The two forms that will be employed to amend the radish production are the organic and the
inorganic fertilizers.
 Apply ¼ cup per 10 foot of row of a nitrogen-based fertilizer (21-0-0) after emergence to encourage
rapid plant growth. Place the fertilizer to the side of the plants and irrigate it into the soil.
IRRIGATION
 The radish plant will be watered on 2 times daily (morning and evening).
 Water holes or watering can will be used as a means of irrigation to the radish plants.
DATA TO BE COLLECTED
 Plant height.
 Number of leaves per plant.
 Time of flowering initiation
 50% flower initiation.
 Full flower initiation.
 Number of flowers per plant
 Date of harvesting.
 Cost of fertilizers.
 Cost of labourers
 Cost of land preparation
The four treatments are as follows;
 T1 – No fertilizer.
 T2 – Inorganic fertilizer.
 T3 – Organic fertilizer.

5.  T4 –Mixture of organic and Inorganic fertilizer.
The two varieties to be used are as follows;
 V1 – Cherry Belle
 V2 – Daikon Long White
TREATMENTS
 Two(2) varieties (Cherry Belle and Daikon Long White) will be used with 6 treatments and 3
replications under the Split Plot Block Design.
 The treatments will be V1T1, V1T2, V1T3, V1T4, V2T1, V2T2, V2T3, V2T4 because of the two
varieties.
 V1T1 – Cherry Belle with no fertilizer.
 V1T2 – Cherry Belle with inorganic fertilizer.
 V1T3 – Cherry Belle with organic fertilizer.
 V1T4 – Cherry Belle with mixture of organic and inorganic fertilizer.
 V2T1 –Daikon Long White with no fertilizer .
 V2T2 –Daikon Long White with inorganic fertilizer .
 V2T3 – Daikon Long White with organic fertilizer
 V2T4 – Daikon Long White with mixture organic and inorganic fertilizer
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FIELD LAY OUT UNDER SPLIT PLOT DESIGN
VIT1
V1T4
V1T3
V2T4
V2T1
V2T3
V1T2
V1T3
V1T4
V2T3
V2T2
V2T4
V1T3
V1T2
V1T1
V2T2
V2T3
V2T1
V1T4
V1T1
V1T2
V2T1
V2T4
V2T2

6. DATA ANALYSIS
 The data collected from the various plots will be analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
SOURCE OF VARIATION
Total
16
Treatments
8
Replications
3
Error
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DEGREE OF FREEDOM (df)
5
RESEARCH SCHEDULE
TIME REQUIRED (MONTHS)
ACTIVITIES
OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH
LITERATURE
REVIEW
LAND
PREPARATION
PLANTING
DATA
COLLECTION

7. CULTURAL
PRACTICES
HARVESTING
DATA
SCREENING
DATA
ANALYSIS
REPORT
WRITING
REPORT
EDITING AND
SUBMISSION
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EXPECTED OUTCOME
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It is expected that, Radish that would be grown under the mixture of the organic and inorganic
fertilizers will yield more than the organic and the inorganic fertilizer since the nutrients will be more
readily available and adequate for the Radish growth and yield.
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CONCLUSION
 The expected results from the project is foreseen to help improve the production of Radish in Ghana.
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REFERENCES

8.  Rowe, R. C. Diseases of Radishes in the U.S.A. North Central Regional Extension Publication No.
126. Wooster, OH. 4 pp.
 Radishes in the Garden Dan Drost and Wade Bitner, Vegetable Specialists.
 Dainello, Frank J. (November 2003.) "Radish Crop Guide" Texas Cooperative Extension,
Horticulture Crop Guides Series.