This lab report summarizes experiments conducted on DC motors and generators. For DC motors, experiments were conducted on a shunt motor and series motor to study the relationships between torque, speed, current and voltage under different conditions. For the DC generator, experiments examined the effects of field current and generator speed on output voltage and the load characteristics. Graphs of the results were included and analyzed to draw conclusions about motor and generator performance.
DC Motor Drive System (Cascade Control Strategy)Rishikesh Bagwe
- Controlled the speed of a DC motor using cascaded current and speed PI controllers
- Root Locus Analysis was used to determine the controller gains
- Faster transient response with zero steady - state error was achieved
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of Switched Reluctance Motor for Three Wheeler Electric Vehicleidescitation
Switched Reluctance M achines (SRM ) offer
attractive attributes for automotive applications. Low cost, high
reliability, and competitive weight and efficiency combine to
make the switched reluctance (SR) motor drive a strong
candidate for application in future electric vehicle (EV)
propulsion systems. This paper proposes a methodology to
determine separately the peak and continuous power ratings
of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electric propulsion
of an electric vehicle (EV).same machine have to deliver peak
and continuous power for different road load condition of
vehicle. Then gives switched reluctance design guidelines for
battery operated electric vehicles. Finally, it presents the
design and simulation of a switched reluctance motor power
train.
This paper presents a design and development of 8/6 switched reluctance motor for small electric vehicle using analytical method. The absent of permanent magnet, inherent fault tolerance capabilities, simple and robust construction make this motor become more attractive for small electric vehicle application such as electric scooter and go-kart. The switched reluctance motor is modelled using analytical formula in designing process. Later, the designed model is analyzed using ANSYS RMxprt software. In order to achieve 5kW power rating and to match with the design requirement, the switched reluctance motor model has been analyzed using RMxprt tools for the preliminary parameters design process. This tools is able to predict the output performance of motor in term of speed, flux linkage characteristic, output torque and efficiency.
DC Motor Drive System (Cascade Control Strategy)Rishikesh Bagwe
- Controlled the speed of a DC motor using cascaded current and speed PI controllers
- Root Locus Analysis was used to determine the controller gains
- Faster transient response with zero steady - state error was achieved
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design of Switched Reluctance Motor for Three Wheeler Electric Vehicleidescitation
Switched Reluctance M achines (SRM ) offer
attractive attributes for automotive applications. Low cost, high
reliability, and competitive weight and efficiency combine to
make the switched reluctance (SR) motor drive a strong
candidate for application in future electric vehicle (EV)
propulsion systems. This paper proposes a methodology to
determine separately the peak and continuous power ratings
of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) for electric propulsion
of an electric vehicle (EV).same machine have to deliver peak
and continuous power for different road load condition of
vehicle. Then gives switched reluctance design guidelines for
battery operated electric vehicles. Finally, it presents the
design and simulation of a switched reluctance motor power
train.
This paper presents a design and development of 8/6 switched reluctance motor for small electric vehicle using analytical method. The absent of permanent magnet, inherent fault tolerance capabilities, simple and robust construction make this motor become more attractive for small electric vehicle application such as electric scooter and go-kart. The switched reluctance motor is modelled using analytical formula in designing process. Later, the designed model is analyzed using ANSYS RMxprt software. In order to achieve 5kW power rating and to match with the design requirement, the switched reluctance motor model has been analyzed using RMxprt tools for the preliminary parameters design process. This tools is able to predict the output performance of motor in term of speed, flux linkage characteristic, output torque and efficiency.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
Rotor Resistance Control of Wound Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG) using PSCA...Anmol Dwivedi
The primary objective of the carried out mini-project is to develop a variable slip (Type-2) wind turbine. Models in this report include representations of general turbine aerodynamics, the mechanical drive-train, and the electrical characteristics of the induction generator as well as the control systems used. This mini-project was part of the course Wind And Solar Electrical Systems (EEPE-32) at National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli (NIT Trichy), India.
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In recent advancements in electric machine and drives, wound rotor motor is extensively used. The merit of using wound rotor induction motor is to control speed/torque characteristics by inserting external resistance. Wound rotor induction motor can be used in the cases such as (a) low inrush current, (b) load requiring high starting torque, (c) lower starting current is required, (d) loads having high inertia, and (e) gradual built up of torque. Examples include conveyers, cranes, pumps, elevators, and compressors. This paper includes speed control of wound induction motor using MATLAB/Simulink for rotor resistance and slip power recovery method. The characteristics of these speed control methods are hence analysed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditionsijtsrd
This paper deal with the speed response characteristics analysis of brushless dc motor under different load variations. BLDC drive are widely used motors now a days due to its good speed control characteristics and high efficiency which improves the performance of motor. PI controller is used in motor operation to maintain the constant speed. The analysis is carried out in three different type of load condition which are given as under load, rated load and overload conditions. The performance of BLDC motor is observed through speed, current, back emf and torque response. To evaluate the result appropriate value of Kp and Ki of controller has been taken in order to get the better result for characteristics parameter of the speed response of BLDC motor. The result are then calculated mathematically and analysed according to the load variations. The required model has been developed using Simulink Matlab and speed torque characteristics graph is also analysed using PI controller. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30462.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30462/performance-analysis-of-brushless-dc-motor-under-different-loading-conditions/ishita-gupta
BLDC motor driven electric skateboard using SVPWM IJECEIAES
Several problems are faced by today’s generation. One of them is the increase in pollution in our everyday life. Each of us can play a part in reducing this by using some environmentally friendly method such as cycles which requires mechanical force. Another way to accomplish this is by using electricity to produce this mechanical force i.e. electric motor. In this paper BLDC motor driven electric skateboard is designed with mathematical calculation, verified with simulation and developed as a experimental setup.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
A brushless DC (BLDC) Motors have advantages over brushed, Direct current (DC) Motors and , Induction motor (IM). They have better speed verses torque characteristics, high dynamic response, high efficiency, long operating life, noiseless operation, higher speed ranges, and rugged construction. Also, torque delivered to motor size is higher, making it useful in application where space and weight are critical factors. With these advantages BLDC motors find wide spread application in automotive appliance, aerospace medical, and instrumentation and automation industries This paper can be seen as fuzzy controllers compared to PI control BLDC motor rotor speed has improved significantly and beter result can be achieve.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Analytical Description of Dc Motor with Determination of Rotor Damping Consta...theijes
DC motor as an electric machine have been applied in numerous control systems. However, a critical parameter of interest that must be evaluated in designing a DC motor based system is the damping constant of the rotor. This paper analytically examines how to determine the damping constant of the rotor of a 12V DC motor, with the determination based on the following parameters: Armature resistance (Ra), inductance (La), Capacitance, the Stall current and the Angular rate of excitation of the motor with varying armature excitation of the current. These parameters help to ascertain the maximum and the minimum operating limit of the motor so as not to exceed the boundary-operating limits of the 12V motor. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and at the end of the analysis, the result shows that the value of damping constant of a 12V DC motor was -3.317 10-4 N-m-sec 2 . This parameter can be factored in future control system designs.
Speed control of three phase im by vf open and close loop methodeSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the simulation method to control the speed of three phase induction motor by v/f method. Simulation model for speed control in both open loop and close loop is shown here because these motors are the most widely used electrical motor due to the reliability, cheaper cost and thew. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as change of number of poles, variation in frequency, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, variable rotor resistance, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. Pulse width modulated inverter is the basic requirement of the scheme. Here first a PWM Inverter is modeled and its outputs is fed to the Induction Motor drivesA MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL was designed to successfully implement Open Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed three-phase Induction Motor, and the torque is observed to be constant for various rotor speeds. Then a MATLAB model for Closed-Loop V/f Control on a PWM-Inverter fed 3-phase Induction Motor. It was noticed that using a Closed-Loop scheme with a Proportional Integral gave a superior way of controlling the speed of an Induction motor. Keywords: Close loop control, Modelling, Matlab, Open loop control, PWM inverter, Simulink
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
A NEW APPROACH TO DTC METHOD FOR BLDC MOTOR ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVEScscpconf
This paper proposes a new approach to direct torque control (DTC) method for brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drives. In conventional DTC method, two main reference parameters are used as: flux and torque. In this paper, the new approach has been proposed to improve the BLDC motor dynamic performance. A main difference from the conventional method of it was that only one reference parameter (speed) was used to control the BLDC motor and the second control parameter (flux) was obtained from speed error through the proposed control algorithm. Thus, the DTC performance has been especially improved on systems which need variable speed and torque during operation, like electric vehicles. The dynamic models of the BLDC and the DTC method have been created on Matlab/Simulink. The proposed method has been confirmed and verified by the dynamic simulations on different working conditions.
Rotor Resistance Control of Wound Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG) using PSCA...Anmol Dwivedi
The primary objective of the carried out mini-project is to develop a variable slip (Type-2) wind turbine. Models in this report include representations of general turbine aerodynamics, the mechanical drive-train, and the electrical characteristics of the induction generator as well as the control systems used. This mini-project was part of the course Wind And Solar Electrical Systems (EEPE-32) at National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli (NIT Trichy), India.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
In recent advancements in electric machine and drives, wound rotor motor is extensively used. The merit of using wound rotor induction motor is to control speed/torque characteristics by inserting external resistance. Wound rotor induction motor can be used in the cases such as (a) low inrush current, (b) load requiring high starting torque, (c) lower starting current is required, (d) loads having high inertia, and (e) gradual built up of torque. Examples include conveyers, cranes, pumps, elevators, and compressors. This paper includes speed control of wound induction motor using MATLAB/Simulink for rotor resistance and slip power recovery method. The characteristics of these speed control methods are hence analysed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditionsijtsrd
This paper deal with the speed response characteristics analysis of brushless dc motor under different load variations. BLDC drive are widely used motors now a days due to its good speed control characteristics and high efficiency which improves the performance of motor. PI controller is used in motor operation to maintain the constant speed. The analysis is carried out in three different type of load condition which are given as under load, rated load and overload conditions. The performance of BLDC motor is observed through speed, current, back emf and torque response. To evaluate the result appropriate value of Kp and Ki of controller has been taken in order to get the better result for characteristics parameter of the speed response of BLDC motor. The result are then calculated mathematically and analysed according to the load variations. The required model has been developed using Simulink Matlab and speed torque characteristics graph is also analysed using PI controller. Ishita Gupta | Akash Varshney "Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Motor under Different Loading Conditions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30462.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30462/performance-analysis-of-brushless-dc-motor-under-different-loading-conditions/ishita-gupta
BLDC motor driven electric skateboard using SVPWM IJECEIAES
Several problems are faced by today’s generation. One of them is the increase in pollution in our everyday life. Each of us can play a part in reducing this by using some environmentally friendly method such as cycles which requires mechanical force. Another way to accomplish this is by using electricity to produce this mechanical force i.e. electric motor. In this paper BLDC motor driven electric skateboard is designed with mathematical calculation, verified with simulation and developed as a experimental setup.
Improved Rotor Speed Brushless DC Motor Using Fuzzy Controllerijeei-iaes
A brushless DC (BLDC) Motors have advantages over brushed, Direct current (DC) Motors and , Induction motor (IM). They have better speed verses torque characteristics, high dynamic response, high efficiency, long operating life, noiseless operation, higher speed ranges, and rugged construction. Also, torque delivered to motor size is higher, making it useful in application where space and weight are critical factors. With these advantages BLDC motors find wide spread application in automotive appliance, aerospace medical, and instrumentation and automation industries This paper can be seen as fuzzy controllers compared to PI control BLDC motor rotor speed has improved significantly and beter result can be achieve.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Analytical Description of Dc Motor with Determination of Rotor Damping Consta...theijes
DC motor as an electric machine have been applied in numerous control systems. However, a critical parameter of interest that must be evaluated in designing a DC motor based system is the damping constant of the rotor. This paper analytically examines how to determine the damping constant of the rotor of a 12V DC motor, with the determination based on the following parameters: Armature resistance (Ra), inductance (La), Capacitance, the Stall current and the Angular rate of excitation of the motor with varying armature excitation of the current. These parameters help to ascertain the maximum and the minimum operating limit of the motor so as not to exceed the boundary-operating limits of the 12V motor. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and at the end of the analysis, the result shows that the value of damping constant of a 12V DC motor was -3.317 10-4 N-m-sec 2 . This parameter can be factored in future control system designs.
Induction motor is a veritable machine in the industries today, since is the most widely used electric motor in the
industry. It offers a reasonable performance, manageable torque/speed characteristics and a better efficiency. The aim of this
paper is to examine a comparative analysis of a three phase induction motor for performance evaluation. The computer simulation
and experimental methods were used to carry out the investigations, validation and evaluation of the behavioural characteristics of
the machine. The simulation and experimental results obtained were compared to validate the results obtained from the
experimental method. It was shown that the results from the simulation and experimental methods were in agreement with the
theoretical values of the three phase induction motor. Thus, the results indicated that the relative errors were negligible and the
proposed simulation models accurately predict the equivalent circuit parameters of the induction motor.
PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION AND MODELLING OF SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR ijiert bestjournal
DC Motors can be used in various applications and c an be used in various sizes and rates as per the applications. In this paper we have focused on the physical parameters of DC motor. Modelling of any system is an important task in con trol applications because the electrical and mechanical components should be represented in math ematical form. Physical parameters are important in calculating the transfer function of D C motor. By using the physical parameters one can design the controller for controlling speed of the motor. A proportional�integral� derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control syst ems. The controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the process control inputs. The weighted sum of the proportionate,integrate,differentiate actions is used to adjust the process via a control element such as the position of a control valve,or the power supplied.
Closed Loop Speed Control of a BLDC Motor Drive Using Adaptive Fuzzy Tuned PI...IJERA Editor
Brushless DC Motors are widely used for many industrial applications because of their high efficiency, high
torque and low volume. This paper proposed an improved Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller to control the speed of
BLDC motor. This paper provides an overview of different tuning methods of PID Controller applied to control
the speed of the transfer function model of the BLDC motor drive and then to the mathematical model of the
BLDC motor drive. It is difficult to tune the parameters and get satisfied control characteristics by using normal
conventional PI controller. The experimental results verify that Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has better control
performance than the conventional PI controller. The modeling, control and simulation of the BLDC motor have
been done using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the BLDC motor (i.e.
speed and torque) as well as currents and voltages of the inverter components are observed by using the
developed model.
A comparative study of performance of AC and DC electric drive control system...journalBEEI
In electric drive control systems, the main goal is to maintain the driving motor speed to meet the mechanism’s requirements. In some practical industrial applications the mechanically-coupled load to the motor shaft has a varying mass during the system operation. Therefore, the change of mass changes the value of the moment of inertia of the system. The moment of inertia impacts the system operation, particularly the transient performance. Therefore, the variation of moment of inertia on the motor shaft during its operation creates additional challenges to accomplish a high-quality speed control. The main purpose of the current work is to study the impact of the variation of moment of inertia on the performance of both AC and DC electric drive control systems and to make a comparison between them. A mathematical analysis and simulations of the control system models had been presented; one time with three-phase induction motor and another time with DC motor, both with variable moment of inertia. A simulation of both systems had been accomplished using the Simulink software in MATLAB. The simulation results of operation of these systems have been analysed in order to get useful conclusions and recommendations for the electric drive control system designer.
Fault Analysis of DFIG under Grid DisturbancesIJERA Editor
Doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) are widely used in variable-speed variable-pitch wind energy
generation systems. These machines are controlled with the power converters connected to the rotor, where the
controlled power is only a fraction, approximately equal to the slip of the stator power. This characteristics of the
DFIG has increased the wind energy penetration, but it is more prone to the electrical grid disturbances. These
disturbances are classified as the voltage dips and the line faults. In the first section of this paper, PWM control
of the DFIG for maximum power extraction is presented. In the second section, the behaviour of the DFIG under
the various grid disturbances are modelled. In this paper, the behaviour of the wind turbines are studied through
various simulations done in the LABview environment.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
1. Abu Dhabi University
EEN 340 - Energy Conversion
Lab Report 3
DC Motors and Generators
Author:
Muhammad Obaidullah 1030313
Ali Raza 1012542
Abdulla Ibrahim Hammoud 1002480
Supervisor:
Dr. Muhammad Akmal
Eng. Ahmed Sweleh
Section 1
June 7, 2013
3. Abstract
In this useful experiment, we did three main parts. For DC motors, we studied about two
forms of it which are DC Shunt Motor and DC Series Motor. For DC generators, we studied
about DC separately excited generator. For DC Shunt Motor, we observed the relations between
many parameters like Torque, Speed, I2, V1, V2, I1, and the field current as well as the effect
of changing the shunt resistances on some parameters like I2,Torque, and Speed. For DC Series
Motor, we noticed the relations between some parameters like Torque, Speed, I1, and V1 and
the effect of changing the voltage on the Speed parameter . For DC separately excited generator,
we noticed the effect of field current and generator speed on the output voltage, and we studied
about the load characteristics of this generator.
1 Introduction
In this experiment, we would like to do three important tasks in order to be familiar with main
machines like DC motors and DC generators. The first two parts represent different forms of a DC
motors, one represents a shunt DC motor (where we would change the shunt resistances and noticed
the effect of that on other parameters) and the another represents a series DC motor (where we
would change the voltage and noticed the effects of that on other parameters).[3] From these two
tasks, we would like to notice the relationships between different parameters like Speed / torque
relationship, Armature current / output torque relationship, Armature voltage / speed relationship,
and Efficiency after seeing the plots that represent the relations between these certain parameters.
The third part which is about dc Separately Excited Generator, we would like to notice the effect
of field current on the output of a separately excited dc generator, to investigate and observe load
characteristics of a separately excited dc generator, and to investigate the effect of generator speed
on the output of a separately excited dc generator.[2]
Figure 1: The insides of the the DC Generator.[1]
2
4. 2 Experiment Set-up
The circuit was provided to us by the lab manual and instructions were also given for each step.
Firs the tests were performed on DC Shunt Motor, then DC Series Motor, and then finally DC
Generator.
2.1 DC Shunt Motor Experiment Set-up
Figure 2: This is how the experiment was setup for DC shunt motor.[4]
2.2 DC Series Motor Experiment Set-up
Figure 3: This is how the experiment was setup for DC series motor.[4]
2.3 DC generator Experiment Set-up
Figure 4: This is how the experiment was setup for DC Generator.[4]
3
5. 3 List of Equipment used
We used the following equipment in order to take the accurate measurements :-
• Universal Power Supply.
• DC Compound Wound Motor.
• Torque and Speed Control Panel.
• Dynamometer Machine.
4
7. • Stranded Set of Patch Leads.
• Voltmeter and Ammeter.
6
8. 4 Procedure
The lab experiment was done in a beautiful manner by following the following steps in a good
and ethical way. For DC motors, we studied about two forms of it which are DC Shunt Motor and
DC Series Motor. For DC generators, we studied about DC separately excited generator. For DC
Shunt Motor, we observed the relations between many parameters like Torque, Speed, I2, V1, V2,
I1, and the field current as well as the effect of changing the shunt resistances on some parameters
like I2,Torque, and Speed. For DC Series Motor, we noticed the relations between some parameters
like Torque, Speed, I1, and V1 and the effect of changing the voltage on the Speed parameter .
For DC separately excited generator, we noticed the effect of field current and generator speed on
the output voltage, and we studied about the load characteristics of this generator. The results
were recorded in the table and mathematical operations were done in order to get the appropriate
graph of the results. Then these graphs were analyzed so that accurate conclusions were drawn
from them.
Three important tasks were done in order to be familiar with main machines like DC motors
and DC generators. The first two parts represent different forms of a DC motors, one represents
a shunt DC motor (where we would change the shunt resistances and noticed the effect of that
on other parameters) and the another represents a series DC motor (where we would change the
voltage and noticed the effects of that on other parameters). The results were recorded in the table
and mathematical operations were done in order to get the appropriate graph of the results. Then
these graphs were analyzed so that accurate conclusions were drawn from them.
7
9. 5 Results and Discussions
5.1 DC Shunt Motor Results
Figure 5: These are the results for Shunt DC Motor. Since the field windings and armature windings
are in parallel, the V1 and V2 are approximately close. As we can see that the torque of the shunt
motor increases with increase in field current but the speed of the motor decreases.
Figure 6: These are the results for
Shunt DC Motor when shunt resistance
is about 180 Ω. When the field resis-
tance is low, the rotational speed of the
motor is high keeping the field current
approximately constant.
Figure 7: These are the results for
Shunt DC Motor when shunt resistance
is about 317 Ω. When the field resis-
tance is increased, the rotational speed
of the motor decreases keeping the field
current approximately constant.
8
10. Figure 8: Keeping the field resistance constant at 317Ω. The speed decreases somewhat expo-
nentially with the increase in torque. When the field current of the generator increases, the field
windings become more stronger electromagnet generating more torque.
5.2 DC Series Motor Results
Figure 9: These are the results for Series DC Motor. Since the field windings and armature windings
are in series, increase in field current increases torque but reduces the torque.
9
11. Figure 10: These are the results for Se-
ries DC Motor. When the terminal volt-
age increases the rpm speed of the mo-
tor.
Figure 11: The graph shows almost linear relationship between terminal voltage and speed in rpm.
5.3 DC Generator Results
10
12. Figure 12: When the field current of
the generator increases, the field wind-
ings become more stronger electromag-
net generating more voltage.
Figure 13: The relationship between the voltage and field current is somewhat exponential as seen
in the graph.
Figure 14: When the load resistance reduces, the current through the load increases.
11
13. Figure 15: The relationship between the voltage and speed of the rpm is nearly linear. As the
voltage increases, the speed of rotation increases.
12
14. 6 Conclusion
In conclusion, we did three main parts in our experiment. First, for the DC Shunt motor and
familiarization, we learned and studied about the trainer and how it works and about the DC
motor operation principles, and we learned about where to use the DC shunt motor and how to
be aware of certain parameters used in measuring the DC motor performance. Second, for the DC
Series motor, we learned and noticed the main differences between a DC shunt motor and DC series
motor, and we learned how to use dc series and shunt motors in certain applications. Third, for
the dc Separately Excited Generator, we studied the principles of a dc separately excited generator
operation and to be aware of certain parameters used to measure dc motor generator performance ;
so that, we concluded many important relations among these certain parameters such as (Directly
proportional and Inversely Proportional) and we learned how to take an appropriate measurements
while changing one of the parameters and noticing the effect on the others.
7 Team Dynamics
Part and Member Weight Grade Muhammad Obaidullah Ali Raza Abdulla Hamoud
Abstract 10% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Introduction 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Procedure Part 1 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Procedure Part 2 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Results Part 1 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Results Part 2 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Conclusion 15% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
Total 100% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%
References
[1] The Web’s Where You Study In. DC Generator working principle [Electronic] Available:
http://www.ustudy.in/node/3944 [7 June 2013].
[2] DC Motors and Generators Basic Theory [Electronic]. Available: ftp://ftp.dei.polimi.
it/outgoing/Massimo.Ghioni/Power%20Electronics%20/Motor%20control/DC/DC%
20motors%20and%20generators.pdf [7 June 2013].
[3] Chapter 3 D.C. Generator Characteristics Page 1 [Electronic]. Available: http://web.
uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/SP2012/etEMbs/notes%5CDC%20Generator%20x-tics.pdf [7 June
2013].
[4] Powerframes ELECTRICAL MACHINES STUDENTS MANUAL [Electronic]. Available:
http://blackboard.adu.ac.ae/bbcswebdav/pid-137092-dt-content-rid-1335695_1/
courses/12031602/Lab3.pdf [7 June 2013].
13