The document provides an overview of basic grammar concepts, including sentence structure, parts of speech such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It includes definitions, examples, and types of each part of speech to aid in English language learning. The content is designed to enhance understanding and fluency in English communication.

1. Grammar: The Basics
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2. Which image do you see?
A vase or two faces?
A young girl’s face or an old woman’s face?
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This or That ?

3. Objective
Sentences Construction
 Understand the difference between SVO / SOV
 Use the rule effectively for Sentence construction
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4.  Subject +Verb+Object
I + eat + food
 Subject +Object +Verb
I + food + eat
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Sentence Structure

5. Objective
 Identify the commonly made mistakes while
speaking in English
 To increase fluency in English
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Gamer Grammar

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Building Blocks

7. Noun
 Noun: is a word used as the name, animal, place, or thing.
 Person: man, woman, teacher, John, Mary
 Place: home, office, town, countryside
 Animal: dog, cat, horse, monkey
 Thing: book, pen, room, tree
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Parts Of Speech

8. Noun
Types Of Nouns
 Common Noun
 Proper Noun
 Collective Noun
 Abstract Noun
 Countable / Uncountable Nouns
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Parts Of Speech

9. Noun
 Common Noun
Is a name given in common to
every person or thing of the
same class or kind.
E.g.
 City, man, boat, and radio
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Parts Of Speech

10. Noun
 Proper Noun
Name of a specific person, place
or thing.
E.g.
Eiffel Tower, India,
Mr. Will Smith, Nokia
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Parts Of Speech

11. Noun
 Collective Noun
Name of a number ( or collection) of persons or things
taken together and spoken of as a whole.
E.g.
 A Crowd -a collection of people
 An Army - collection of soldiers
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Parts Of Speech

12. Noun
 Abstract Noun
Is usually the name of a quality, action, or state.
E.g.
 Quality - kindness, darkness, honesty
 Action - laughter, theft
 State - sleep, sickness
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Parts Of Speech

13. Noun
 Countable Noun
(or countables) are the names of objects, people, etc. that we can
count.
E.g. book, pen, apple, boy
Uncountable noun
(or uncountables) are the names of things which cannot count.
E.g. milk, sugar, gold, oil
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Parts Of Speech

14. Noun
 Lisa works as a programmer at Microsoft.
Let's have lunch at McDonalds.
Mc Donalds
Mc Donalds
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Parts Of Speech

15. Noun
 The sun sheds it’s beams on rich and poor alike.
 Edward was a great king.
 The rose smells sweet.
 A flock of sheep is passing by.
 George was a brave soldier.
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Parts Of Speech

16. Name, Place, Animal, Thing
 Fun time
Lets play Name, Place, Animal, Thing with a difference
Proper Noun Common Noun Collective Noun Abstract Noun
Peter Postman Poultry Prayer
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17. Pronoun
 Pronoun: is a word used instead of a noun.
 E.g.
 Tim is absent, because he is ill.
 This book is mine.
 It is doubtful whether he will come for the party.
 Bob is a kind boy. He has lent his bicycle to Alice.
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Parts Of Speech

18. Pronoun
E.g.
 Do you think Mary is pretty? I think Mary is beautiful.
With pronouns, we can say:
Do you think Mary is pretty? I think she is beautiful.
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Parts Of Speech

19. Pronoun
 Personal Pronoun:
I, we, you, he, (she, it), are called Personal Pronouns because they stand for three persons.
E.g.
 The person speaking –This is my book
 The person spoken to – Those are your books
 The person spoken of- That is her book
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Parts Of Speech

20. Pronoun
 Indefinite Pronoun
 Refers to noun that are indefinite.
E.g.
 One evening a beggar came to my door.
 Somebody stole the mangoes.
Anybody
Each
Either
None
Someone
One
Few
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Parts Of Speech

21. Pronoun
 Relative Pronoun- such as that, who, which, whose and whom
which give extra information about the subject.
E.g.
 The woman who interviewed me was very friendly.
 I can't stand dogs that bark loudly.
This, That
These, Those
Who, Whom
Whose, Which
What
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Parts Of Speech

22. Pronoun
 Reflexive Pronoun
 Pronouns combined with –self or –selves
to emphasize the subject of the verb.
E.g.
I hurt myself.
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Ourselves
Themselves
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Parts Of Speech

23. Pronoun
Person and Number Subjective Possessive Subjective
First Person Singular I Mine Me
First Person Plural We Ours Us
Second Person Singular You Yours You
Second Person Plural You Yours You
Third Person Singular He / she / it His / hers / its Him / her / it
Third Person Plural They Theirs They
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Parts Of Speech

24. Adjectives
 An adjective is a word that tells us more about a noun, pronoun or another adjective. An adjective
"qualifies" or "modifies" a noun. Adjectives can be used before a noun or after certain verbs. We can
often use two or more adjectives together.
E.g.
 A big car
 I like Chinese food
 It is a tough decision
 A beautiful young French lady
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Parts Of Speech

25. Adjectives
Adjective Patterns:
 Adjectives can come before noun: a new car
 Adjectives can come after verbs: such as be, become, seem, look, etc.: that
car looks fast
 They can be modified by adverbs: a very expensive car
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Parts Of Speech

26.  Fun Time
Hi! I’m Witty
William
Hi! This is my
friend Witty
William And I am
Energetic Esther
Hi! That’s Witty
William, this is
Energetic Esther and I
am Helpful Henry
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Name Chain

27. Verb
Verb: is a word that tells something
about a person or thing.
E.g.
 The sun shines brightly.
 Harry laughs.
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Parts Of Speech

28. Verb
Types of Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
 Regular Verbs
 Irregular Verbs
 Modal Verbs
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Parts Of Speech

29. Verb
 Auxiliary Verb: ‘To Do’, ‘Be’ and ‘Have’ are the English auxiliary verbs /
helping verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show
tenses.
 Modal Verb: Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility,
intention, obligation and necessity.
 E.g. Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should
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Parts Of Speech

30. Verb
 Regular Verb: A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for
the past simple and past participles.
E.g. walk / walked / walked
Irregular Verb: An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for
the Past Simple and Past Simple forms. Some verbs do not change.
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Parts Of Speech

31. Verb
 Irregular Verbs
Base Form Past Tense Past Participle
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Shut
Read
Sit
Build
Sat
Built
Sat
Built
Know
See
Knew
Saw
Known
Seen
Types of Verbs
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Parts Of Speech

32. Verb
Characteristics of Verbs
 Verbs usually come after the subject of the sentence.
E.g. Chris paints well.
Verbs must agree in person (first, second, etc.) and number (singular and plural)
with the subject of the sentence.
E.g. She sings sweetly.
They sing sweetly.
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Parts Of Speech

33. Adverb
 Adverb - An adverb is a word that tells us more about a verb. An
adverb "qualifies" or "modifies" a verb. But adverbs can also
modify adjectives, or even other adverbs.
E.g.
 The man ran quickly.
 Tara is really beautiful.
 The Cell phone works very well.
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Parts Of Speech

34. Adverb
Characteristics of Adverb
Function
The main job of an adverb is to modify (give more information about) verbs,
adjectives and other adverbs.
Modify a verb:
- John speaks loudly. (How does John speak?)
- Mary lives locally. (Where does Mary live?)
- She never smokes. (When does she smoke?)
(In the following examples, the adverb is in red and the word that it modifies is in purple.)
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Parts Of Speech

35. Adverb
2. Form
3. Many adverbs end in -ly.
E.g. quickly, softly, strongly, honestly, interestingly.
 But not all words that end in -ly are adverbs.
E.g. "Friendly", is an adjective.
 Some adverbs have no particular form.
E.g. well, fast, very, never, always, often, still
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Parts Of Speech

36. Adverb
3. Position
Adverbs have three main positions in the sentence:
 Front (before the subject):
- Now we will study adverbs.
Middle (between the subject and the main verb):
- We often study adverbs.
End (after the verb or object):
- We study adverbs carefully.
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Parts Of Speech

37.  Lets have some fun
 Enact the given adverbs while the class guesses the same.
E.g.
Harry and Sally dance gracefully.
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Dumbverb

38. Prepositions
 Prepositions: are words that we can use to indicate time, place and space.
PREPOSITIONS
Period/Point of Time
During
Throughout
At
Position
In, Under, Over, Beside,
Between, Opposite,
Among, Between
Direction
Towards
Past
Around
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Parts Of Speech

39. Prepositions
Commonly used Prepositions
Aboard About Above Across After
Against Along Among Around At
Before Behind Below Beneath Beside
Between Beyond By Down During
Except For From Into Like
Of On Over Since To
Within In Up Over Off
Towards Under Until Upon With
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Parts Of Speech

40. Prepositions
 We went to school on Monday.
My plane stopped at Washington and New Jersey and arrived
in New York two hours late.
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Parts Of Speech

41. Fun Time
Identify slogans with Prepositions in them
E.g.
Lets go in an ALTO – Maruti
King of good times - Kingfisher
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Lord of the Ad world

42. Conjunctions
 Coordinating Conjunctions -
are used to join two parts of a sentence
that are grammatically equal. The two
parts may be single words or clauses.
E.g.
 Jack and Jill went up the hill.
 The water was warm but I didn't go swimming.
F – For
A – And
N – Nor
B – But
O – Or
Y – Yet
S - So
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Parts Of Speech

43. Conjunctions
 Subordinating conjunctions -
A word or words used to
connect unequal parts of a sentence.
E.g.
I went swimming, although it was cold.
Since, Because,
If, After, Until,
Although, Before,
As Though, Though,
When, Unless
As
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Parts Of Speech

44. Conjunctions
 Correlative Conjunctions –
A pair of conjunctions used to show a comparison.
(They are also known as paired conjunctions)
E.g.
Not only is she rich, but also intelligent.
Both-and
Either-or
Neither-nor
Since-therefore
If-then
Not only-but also
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Parts Of Speech

45.  Fun time
And
Also
But
Nor
So
For
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Conjunction

46. Interjection
 Interjection: is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Hello!,
Bravo!, Alas! or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often,
usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence,
they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is followed by an
exclamation mark (!) when written.
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Parts Of Speech

47. Interjection
E.g.
 "Hey ! look at that!" (calling attention )
 "Hi ! What's new?" (expressing greeting )
 "Well ! what did he say?" (introducing a remark )
Well !
what did he say?
Hi !
What's new?
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Parts Of Speech