The document explains the present perfect tense, emphasizing its use for actions that started in the past and continue to the present. It details how to form the past tense of regular and irregular verbs, providing examples of verb conjugations and lists of infinitives with their past simple and past participle forms. The content serves as a grammar guide for understanding and practicing the present perfect and verb tenses.

1. Present
Perfect
Elsa Maximiano - 2012

2. They have just gone running.
I have never eaten junk food!
Have you ever practised kung-fu?

3. When do we use the present perfect?
The present perfect is often used for an
action which started at some time in the
past, and is still continuing now.

4. When do we use the present perfect?
The present perfect is often used for an
action which started at some time in the
past, and is still continuing now.

5. When do we use the present perfect?
The present perfect is often used for an
action which started at some time in the
past, and is still continuing now.
You refer to a specific action in the past and it’s still
important in the present.

6. To form the P RESENT
PERFECT you need to
re m e m b er t h ere are
two kind s of verbs,
REGULAR and IRREGULAR
VERBS.

7. REGULAR
VERBS

8. REGULAR
VERBS

9. To do the past tenses...

10. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs

11. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end
of a word, double the consonant.

12. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped

13. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d

14. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
live - lived
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d
save - saved

15. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
live - lived
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d
save - saved
Verbs ending in -y preceded by a vowel: add -ed

16. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
live - lived
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d
save - saved
play - played
Verbs ending in -y preceded by a vowel: add -ed
pray - prayed

17. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
live - lived
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d
save - saved
play - played
Verbs ending in -y preceded by a vowel: add -ed
pray - prayed
study - studied
carry - carried

18. To do the past tenses...
Add -ed to regular verbs
Consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end stop - stopped
of a word, double the consonant. shop - shopped
live - lived
An -e at the end of the verb: leave the -e and add -d
save - saved
play - played
Verbs ending in -y preceded by a vowel: add -ed
pray - prayed
Verbs ending in -y preceded by a consonant: study - studied
change the -y into an -i and add -ed carry - carried

26. IRREGULAR
VERBS

27. IRREGULAR
VERBS

28. The irregular verbs have different forms.
Some of them change completely.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
Go went gone
Be was been
Sing sang sung

36. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive 10. Forget
2. Take 11. make
3. Run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

37. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove 10. Forget
2. Take 11. make
3. Run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

38. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take 11. make
3. Run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

39. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took 11. make
3. Run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

40. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

41. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

42. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

43. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

44. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

45. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

46. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

47. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

48. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

49. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

50. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat 17. read
9. See 18. hear

51. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate 17. read
9. See 18. hear

52. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See 18. hear

53. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw 18. hear

54. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

55. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

56. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

57. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

58. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

59. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

60. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

61. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

62. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

63. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

64. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

65. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

66. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

67. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

68. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang sung
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

69. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang sung
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

70. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang sung
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read read read
9. See saw seen 18. hear

71. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang sung
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read read read
9. See saw seen 18. hear heard

72. Look for the past forms of the irregular
verbs in your list and complete the chart.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
1. Drive drove driven 10. Forget forgot forgotten
2. Take took taken 11. make made made
3. Run ran run 12. write wrote written
4. Do did done 13. buy bought bought
5. Leave left left 14. bring brought brought
6. Go went gone 15. swim swam swum
7. Get got got 16. sing sang sung
8. Eat ate eaten 17. read read read
9. See saw seen 18. hear heard heard

73. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
We form the Present Perfect with the auxiliary verb
HAVE (OR HAS) and the PAST PARTICIPLE of the main verb.

74. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the NEGATIVE we just need to add NOT to the
auxiliary: have not = haven’t / has not = hasn’t

75. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle

76. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where

77. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have

78. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you

79. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved

80. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved your things?

81. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved your things?
Has

82. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved your things?
Has she

83. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved your things?
Has she finished

84. Form of the PRESENT PERFECT
To form the INTERROGATIVE here is the FORMULA:
(QW) + Auxiliary Verb + subject + main verb + object
Have past participle
Where have you saved your things?
Has she finished the exercise?

85. Time markers /Signal Words for the
Present Perfect
already = já
ever = já
since = desde
for = durante; (há)
just = agora mesmo
never = nunca
yet = ainda / já
so far, till now, up to now = até agora

86. Ever vs Never
We use EVER in interrogative sentences:
Have you ever been to Paris?
(it comes between the auxiliary verb and the main
verb)
We use NEVER in affirmative sentences:
I have never done exercises with this verb tense.
(it comes between the auxiliary verb and the main
verb)

87. For vs Since
Do exercise 5 on page 49

88. Time markers /Signal Words for the
Present Perfect

89. Signal words
Or do these exercises.

90. Signal words
Correction

91. Signal words
Correction
just

92. Signal words
Correction
just
already

93. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still

94. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet

95. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just

96. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just
just

97. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just
just
already

98. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just
just
already
yet

99. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just
just
already
yet
still

100. Signal words
Correction
just
already
still
yet
just
just
already
yet
still
still

101. Good work!!!!
Elsa Maximiano - 2012
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