The document discusses connecting words, specifically conjunctive adverbs related to cause and effect, tailored for English language learners. It provides examples of expressions used to indicate cause and effect relationships, such as 'therefore,' 'as a consequence,' and 'because.' The purpose of these connecting words is to enhance sentence structure, ensure smooth reading, and improve writing.

1. Connecting Words IV
Cause and Effect
Topic: Conjunctive adverbs: cause and effect
Audience: English language learners
Prepared by: G&R Languages - July, 2013
sentence sentence
Photo: courtesy of RZP
Images: courtesy of ClipArt
So that / For this reason / As a consequence

2. Cause and Effect
Common Expressions
Topic: English Grammar: cause and effect
Audience: English language learners
Prepared by: G&R Languages - July, 2013
Photo: courtesy of RZP
Images: courtesy of ClipArt
Consequently / As a result / Because / Therefore, etc.

3. Cause
“Signal’ Expressions
For
As
Since
Because

4. Cause
More “signal” words
As a result of
Resulted from
Due to

5. Cause
We study hard because we
wish to succeed. As we
work so diligently, we will
most likely be successful.

6. Cause
Since we exercise daily, we
will gradually build strong
muscles. Our muscles are
getting stronger, for we
work out daily.

7. Effect
“Signal” Expressions
Therefore
Thus
As a consequence
Consequently

8. Effect
More “signal” words
The reason for
The cause of
Will result in
Have an effect on

9. Effect
Her success in school came
as a result of her hard work.
She worked hard; therefore,
she succeeded.

10. Effect
He fell, and hurt himself as
a consequence. He was
very hurt; for this reason,
he started to cry.

11. Cause and Effect
I travel, so that I can see the
world. Due to the fact that
he, too, wants to see the
world, he will also travel.

12. Cause and Effect
I read a lot; consequently, I
can write well. Because of
the fact that I read often, I
am able to write well.

13. Connecting Words
What are they for?
Connect sentences
Provide a smooth read

14. Connecting Words
What is their purpose?
Comparison & contrast
Cause & effect
Sequence
Work in progress: SlideShare on Connecting Words part V: Sequence

15. Connecting Words
What can they do for me?
Build strong sentences
Show smooth connection
Improve your writing

16. Conjunctive Adverbs
Cause & effect
Comparison & contrast
Sequence
Other connections
Work in progress: SlideShare on Connecting Words part V: Sequence

17. Connecting Words IV
Cause & Effect
Topic: Conjunctive adverbs: cause and effect
Audience: English language learners
Prepared by: G&R Languages - July, 2013
sentence sentence
Photo: courtesy of RZP
Images: courtesy of ClipArt
Thank
you!
Reasons and results
C
ause
and
effect