Caouse ad effect

1. CAUSE
AND
EFFECT

2. WHAT IS CAUSE AND EFFECT?
■ Cause and effect is the relationship between two things when
one thing makes something else happen. For example, if we eat
too much food and do not exercise, we gain weight. Eating food
without exercising is the “cause;” weight gain is the “effect.”
There may be multiple causes and multiple effects. Looking for
the reason why things happen (cause/effect) is a basic human
drive. So, understanding the cause/effect text structure is
essential in learning the basic ways the world works. Writers use
this text structure to show order, inform, speculate, and change
behavior. This text structure uses the process of identifying
potential causes of a problem or issue in an orderly way. It is
often used to teach social studies and science concepts.

4. What Does Cause and Effect Mean?
■ Cause and effect means that things happen because something prompted them
to happen.
■
■ A cause is why something happens. An effect is what happened.
■
■ For example, you have a picnic planned for Sunday afternoon. However, the
weather becomes stormy and you have to cancel your outdoor plans.
■
■ In this situation, the cause is the stormy weather and the effect of that stormy
weather is the picnic cancellation.

5. ■ Cause and effect are intertwined. American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson
said, “Cause and effect are two sides of one fact.”
■ You can’t have an effect without a cause, nor can you have a cause
without an effect.
■ In cause and effect relationships, there may be multiple causes and
multiple effects. The relationship may cycle on with a cause leading to
effects that become a cause for more effects!
■ Let’s say that you oversleep and are late to a meeting and, because
you’re late to the meeting, you miss out on the delicious pastries the
boss brought in. Since you missed the pastries, you’re hungry and
aggravated. This may in turn have an effect on your next interaction with
a colleague or client.

6. Examples of Cause and Effect in
Sentences
■ Cause and effect sentences show a clear, direct relationship between events.
They show how one event or action triggers an outcome. They may also show
how an effect has more than one cause, or a cause has more than one effect.
■
■ Cause and effect sentences can present the cause first and follow it with the
effect, or present the effect first and follow it with the cause.
■ I ate tons of junk food, so now I feel sick.
■ I feel sick because I ate tons of junk food.
■ These sentences have the same cause and effect presented in a different
order. These sentences share the same meaning and show the same
relationship.

7. ■ The next five sentences, determine which comes first, the cause or the effect.
■ He lied to me, so I ended our relationship.
■
■ Since I was up all night with my sick child, I’m exhausted this morning.
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■ She never gave up on her writing, and now she’s published a book!
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■ They could finish the race because they had trained for it so diligently.
■
■ They gave the restaurant a critical review because their food was burnt to a crisp.
■
■ In the first three sentences, the cause comes first. In sentences four and five, the
effect comes first.

8. Final Word on Cause and Effect
■ A cause and effect relationship is one in which an event generates an
outcome. We see these relationships everywhere: from history to science to
nature to literature to daily life!
■ When you’re reading or writing about cause and effect, look for or use signal
words that make the relationship between the event (cause) and the outcome
(effect) clear.