Este material es usado en la cátedra de Ingles de la Fcedu-UNER

2. Understanding the different ways of expressing the
relationship between the causes and effects of an action is
very important when you are reading.
Before we look at some of the ways of expressing cause
and effect, note carefully this important distinction.
We can mention the cause before the effect, for example
or we can mention the effect before the cause:
CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS

3. Examples
• My uncle was ill, so he did not attend
the conference. (cause effect)
• My uncle did not attend the
conference, because he was ill.
(effect cause)

4. 1) VERBS
linking cause and effect
• CAUSE
• PRODUCE
• ALLOW
• ENABLE
• LEAD TO
• RESULT IN
• RESULT FROM
• BRING ABOUT

5. Examples
CAUSE EFFECT
• The introduction of computer technology brought
about significant changes in office routines.
• The intensive use of computers in school will result in
new teaching and learning methods.
• Fear of hyperinflation may lead to President Kirchner
establishing price control.

6. EFFECT CAUSE
• The catastrophe at “República Cromagnon” was
caused by different factors.

7. 2) CONNECTIVES
introducing cause
CAUSE
DUE TO
FOR
AS A/ THE RESULT OF
BECAUSE
AS
IN RESPONSE TO
SINCE

8. Examples
EFFECT CAUSE
• Early computers developed quickly as a result of their use
In military applications.
• Teachers must rethink their role as new technologies are
creating a revolution in the classroom.
• Advertising should change because consumers are more
intelligent than publicists.
• This year the price of schoolbooks have not changed due
to an agreement between the Ministry of Educaction and
the most important publishing houses.

9. CAUSE EFFECT
• For cultural and finacial factors Egyptians families
used to give preference to educating their sons.
• As the students do not have a bilingual dictionary, I
always lend them mine.
• Since it was Saturday, my husband stayed in bed an
extra hour.

10. 3) CONNECTIVES
introducing result
RESULT
WITH THE RESULT THAT THUS
THEREFORE CONSEQUENTLY
HENCE AS A RESULT
SO THAT FOR THIS REASON
THEREBY

11. Examples
• These animals are rare and therefore protected by
law.
• The family did not want to pay the rent. As a result,
they were evicted from the house.
• Cell phones are much cheaper now, thus many
teenagers have one.
• The President had lied and thereby obstracted justice.
• The town was built near a bridge on the river Salado,
hence the same name.