The document outlines the history and features of the English garden, a style that emerged in the early 18th century, replacing formal gardens with idealized landscapes inspired by nature. Key characteristics include randomness in layout, diverse flora, the inclusion of water features, and ornamental elements, alongside a historical evolution from Roman gardens to Victorian styles. Notable examples include Stourhead and Sissinghurst Castle, which showcase the diversity and architectural inspiration behind English garden design.

1. ENGLISH GARDEN
COMPILED BY:
MEHAK MAHAJAN
SHALU GUPTA
SHREYA MALIK
TANVI PURI
VIBHOR SONI

2. INTRODUCTION
• The English garden, also called English landscape park , is a style
of Landscape garden which emerged in England in the early 18th
century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal,
symmetrical gardens of the 17th century as the principal gardening
style of Europe.
• The English garden presented an idealized view of nature.
• They were often inspired by paintings of landscapes by CLAUDE
LORRAINE and NICOLAS POUSSIN and some were influenced by
the classic Chinese gardens of the East.
• It also had a major influence on the form of the public parks and
gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century.

3. • The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling
lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical
temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture,
designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape.

5. Rotunda at Stowe Garden (1730-38)
The paintings of Claude Lorrain inspired
Stourhead and other English landscape
gardens

6. HISTORY
•The predecessors of the landscape garden in England were the great
parks created by Sir John Vanbrugh (1664–1726) and Nicholas
Hawksmoor at Castle Howard (1699–1712); Blenheim Palace (1705–
1722), Castle Howard, and the Claremont Landscape
Garden at Claremont House (1715–1727).
•These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and pieces of architecture,
such as the classical mausoleum designed by Hawksmoor at Castle
Howard.
• At the center of the composition was the house
• Behind which were formal and symmetrical gardens in the style of
the Garden à la française
• Ornate carpets of floral designs and walls of hedges
• Decorated with statues and fountains.

7. Castle Howard (1699-1712), a predecessor of the
English garden modeled on the Gardens of Versailles .

8. FEATURES
The simple and refined beauty of English garden landscape designs blends
easily with a variety of home designs. The form of garden was obtained
directly from observation. The design included principle of surprise. The
traditional English garden style has its roots in the English culture. It is most
noted for the following:
RANDOMNESS:
•The main element that
defines the English Garden
landscape design is
randomness. Paths are not
straight and do not
converge , pretty much the
same way as they do not in
a natural setting.

9. DIVERSE FLORA:
•The eye is meant to be enchanted by the diversity of flora and by the way it
combines in arbitrary harmonies. It is most noted for the array of beautiful
roses, other fragrant flowers and abundant lush plant life.
Planted in group. Trees belts are used to enclose space or scale down the
garden.

10. HEDGES:
•Surrounded by tall hedges perfectly
manicured , with a walkway usually
leading around the lawn space , these
outdoor rooms are one of the most
defining features of an English garden.
HERBS AND VEGETABLES:
•Herbs and vegetables are a natural part
of the English garden and add a
gorgeous variety and usefulness to it.
TOPIARY:
•Shrubs are manicured to a distinct
shape such as a cone, pyramid or spiral
which again makes the garden look even
more attractive.

11. HARDSCAPES:
•Popular residential hardscape
structures made of wood that work
well in an English garden design
include arbors, pergolas and gazebos.
In an English garden, walkways
meander through the landscape while
providing easy access to your home
and other structures.
ORNAMENTATION:
•The inclusion of a metal
bench or a nice statue,
gates, Bridges etc. not only
increase the aesthetic
appeal of the garden but al
so give it a vintage touch.
Pathways leading to buildings
Statues
Benches and Gazebos

12. WATER:
•The inclusion of water gives the viewer a more complete palette of sensations.
Traditionally , lakes were included in an english garden.
Streams were enhanced and accentuated to move in serpentine streams.
To conceal edges thickets are used.

13. COLOURS
Different colors affect people
differently, but generally each
color has its own psychological
appeal.
• Green is the most restful color.
Pale greens and yellow-greens
are perfect for an English garden
design because they feel lighter,
brighter and more informal.
•White creates a sense of space
in a garden.
• Red calls attention to itself or
what it surrounds, making it
perfect for planting near focal
points.
• Apricot, salmon and peach tints
are friendly and welcoming.

14. Garden Styles
• Roman Britain: formal, low hedges
• Medieval: small enclosed, with turf (gyep,
pázsit) seats and mounds (domb)
• Tudor: knot gardens, enclosed in hedges
or walls
• Stuart: formal Italianate and French styles
• Georgian: informal, landscaped, open
parkland
• Victorian: bedding plants, colorful, public
gardens

15. Roman gardens
• The earliest English gardens were planted by the Roman
conquerors of Britain in the 1st century AD.
• Roman gardens that we know the most about: at large
villas and palaces
• The most well-known palace garden: reconstructed
garden ─ Fishbourne Roman Palace, Sussex

16. Fishbourne Roman Palace
• symmetrical formal planting of
low box hedges
• hedges split by gravelled
(kavicsos) walks
• hedges are punctuated by
small niches (bemélyedés)
• niches probably held statues, urns, or garden seats
• formal garden near the house
• landscaped green space leading down to the waterside
below
• small kitchen garden planted with fruits and vegetables
common in Roman Britain

17. Medieval Gardens
• upheld by the many monastic orders →
Biblical references to the Garden of Eden
Monasteries:
• kitchen garden (self-sufficiency)
• herb garden (medicinal purposes)
• flowerbed (for use in worship)
• open green space surrounded by covered walks
• green space sometimes served as the burial place for the
monks
• at the centre: well (kút) or fountain (szökőkút)
Castles:
• small courtyard gardens
• paths through raised flowerbeds
• turf (gyep, pázsit) seats and high mounds (domb), or mounts
(emelvény) providing view over the castle walls or over some
part of the garden

18. Medieval Monastic Gardens
well
fountain
fountain

19. Tudor Gardens
• Italian influence
• alignment of the house
• creating a harmony of line and proportion
• popular garden ornaments: sundials (napóra) and
statues
• knot garden (intricate patterns of lawn hedges)
intended to be viewed from the mount or raised
walks
• spaces between the hedges are filled with
flowers, shrubs (cserje), or herbs
• no Tudor gardens have survived intact
• Examples: Haddon Hall, Derbyshire
Montacute House, Somerset
Hampton Court Palace (near London)

20. Hampton Court Palace

21. Stuart Gardens
• French influence
• broad avenue sweeping away from the house
• rectangular parterres made of rigidly formal low
hedges
• Examples: Blickling Hall, Norfolk
Melbourne, Derbyshire
Chatsworth
• An offshoot of the French style provided by the
Dutch: more water, flower bulbs, trees planted in
tubs, and topiary
• Example: Westbury Court, Gloucestershire

22. Blickling Hall

23. Georgian Gardens
• no straight lines
• paths curve and wander
• parterres are replaced by grass
• trees are planted in clusters
• rounded lakes
• the garden becomes open

24. Holkham Hall
• built for the Earl of Leicester in the Palladian style

25. Victorian Gardens
• massed beds of flowers
• bedding out plants raised in greenhouses
• exotic colours
• intricate designs
• public gardens and green spaces aimed at
bringing culture to the masses
• Example: Chatsworth House
People's Park, Halifax
by Joseph Paxton

26. Chatsworth
Glass house at Chatsworth

27. EXAMPLES

28. STOURHEAD
• Stourhead is a 1,072-hectare (2,650-acre) estate at
the source of the River
Stour near Mere, Wiltshire, England.
• The estate includes a Palladian mansion, the village
of Stourton, gardens, farmland, and a woodland.
• The gardens were designed by Henry Hoare II and
laid out between 1741 and 1780 in a classical 18th-
century design set around a large lake, achieved by
damming a small stream.
• Included in the garden are a number of temples
inspired by scenes of the Grand Tours of Europe.
• The gardens are home to a large collection of trees
and shrubs from around the world.

30. STOURHEAD ESTATE
STOURHEAD
GARDEN IN THE

31. STOURHEAD
BRIDGE AND PANTHEON

32. Sissinghurst Castle Garden
The garden at Sissinghurst Castle in the
Weald of Kent, near Cranbrook, Goudhurst
and Tendered, is owned and maintained by
the National Trust. It is among the most
famous gardens in England. Sissinghurst
Castle was once a splendid mansion built
for Sir Richard Baker in the mid-16th
century. The mooted Tudor house, set high
on a ridge above the Vale of Kent, was one
of the first buildings in England to be
constructed of brick. Sissinghurst's garden
was created in the 1930s by Vita Sackville-
West, poet and gardening writer, and her
husband Harold Nicolson, author and
diplomat. They bought the romantic
remains, repaired the brick structures and
then gradually began to create a garden
between the old walls and buildings.

34. The garden itself is designed
as a series of "rooms", each
with a different character of
colour and/or theme, the
walls being high clipped
hedges and many pink brick
walls. The rooms and
"doors" are so arranged that,
as one enjoys the beauty in
a given room, one suddenly
discovers a new vista into
another part of the garden,
making a walk a series of
discoveries that keeps
leading one into yet another
area of the garden.
The moat walk
The tower lawn

35. Sissinghurst is a sophisticated
garden where rare plants are
neighbours to traditional cottage
garden flowers. The scale of
planting is also deliberately varied
from one part to another. The
White Garden is one of the most
famous ‘rooms’, and in each
space visitors will find that many
traditional English plants are
interwoven with rarer and more
exotic species. There is also
surprise when entering each area,
with different planting
combinations and designs offering
something new at every turn
The rose
garden
The white garden

36. The orchard
The courtyard
The lime walk

37. The aerial
view

38. Stowe Landscape Gardens
Stowe House is a Grade I
listed country house
located in Stowe,
Buckinghamshire,
England. It is the home of
Stowe School, an
independent school. The
gardens (known as Stowe
Landscape Gardens), a
significant example of the
English garden style,
along with part of the
Park, passed into the
ownership of The National
Trust in 1989 and are
open to the public.
The Palladian
garden

39. 1739 1769 1797

40. The Landscape Garden was created in
three main phases, showing the
development of garden design in 18th-
century England (this is the only garden
where all three designers worked):
From 1711 to c.1735 Charles
Bridgeman was the garden designer,
and John Vanbrugh from c.1720 until
his death in 1726 the architect, they
designed an English baroque park,
inspired by the work of London.
In 1731 William Kent was appointed to
work with Bridgeman. Kent's
masterpiece at Stowe is the Elysian
Fields with its Temple of Ancient Virtue
that looks across to his Temple of
British Worthies, Kent's architectural
work was in the newly fashionable
Palladian style.
In March 1741, Capability Brown was
appointed head gardener. He worked
with Gibbs until 1749 and with Kent
until the latter's death in 1748.
Present day
plan

41. Stowe gardens are entirely
man made, and based on
political, religious and some
quite fanciful ideas. Not in
what we would describe as
‘good taste’, the gardens were
the height of 18th century
extravagance.
We used a range of
techniques to ensure that we
were basing our research on
primary source material. The
original plans were analysed
and redrawn to align with
actual topography. The
redrawn plans helped us to
identify lost ha-has and
Vanbrugh’s pyramid.
THE TEMPLE OF VENUS
GROTTO AND LAKE

42. TEMPLE OF
VIRTUE
TEMPLE OF LIBERTY CHINESE HOUSE

43. THANK YOU