The English landscape garden emerged in 18th century England as a more natural style of garden, featuring gently rolling lawns, groves of trees, lakes, and recreations of classical architecture. This style replaced the formal, symmetrical French gardens and presented an idealized view of nature. Key features included winding paths, clusters of trees rather than straight lines, lakes instead of rectangular ponds, and the integration of the garden with the surrounding landscape. The landscape garden had a significant influence on European garden design and moved perceptions of nature from something dangerous to something valuable.

3.  The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply
the English garden, is a style of “landscape" garden which emerged in England in
the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal,
symmetrical French gardens (jardin à la française) of the 17th century as the
principal gardening style of Europe.
 The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. It drew inspiration
from paintings of landscapes by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and, in
the Anglo-Chinese garden, from the classic Chinese gardens of the East, which had
recently been described by European travellers.
 The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set
against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins,
bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic
pastoral landscape.
 By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French
landscape garden.

4. The shift
 Lines were no longer straight, paths curve and wander, and parterres are
replaced by grass.
 Trees were planted in clusters rather than in straight lines, and rounded
lakes replaced the rectangular ponds of the earlier style.
 The garden became open, a park joining the house to the outside world
rather than a carefully nurtured refuge from it.
 This natural style begun by Kent evolved into the "landscape garden"
under Kent's pupil and son-in-law, Lancelot "Capability" Brown. Brown,
whose curious nickname came from his habit of telling prospective
clients that their gardens showed "great capabilities", had an enormous
effect upon the course of English gardening and architectural style.
 Before the introduction of English landscape, nature was viewed as
dangerous , cranky .
 The English landscape completely changed this view to appreciate and
value the natural world.

5. Before English garden…..
Before English garden most garden was
arranged in French or Dutch style .
These French and Dutch gardens have
rectangular subdivision.
Straight avenues & paths and water contained
symmetrically shaped basin

6. Gardens before English garden
FRENCH GARDEN LAYOUT

7. DUTCH GARDEN LAYOUT

8. Elements within English gardens

9. Temple of Ancient Virtue at Stowe
Recreations of classic buildings
 The existing classical and
historical buildings were
recreated and were incorporated
in side the English landscape
garden.
 The stone buildings amongst the
green trees were used to give the

10. Elements within English gardens:
• Ruins Garden of Rousham House

11. Elements within English gardens:
• Bridges
Stourhead English garden

12. Elements within English gardens
• Natural stone
Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm

13. Elements within English gardens
• Cobblestone

14. Elements within English gardens
• Wattle edging & panels

15. Elements within English gardens
• Bee skep

16. Common characteristics of an English garden
 Lake
There was always a lake in the English gardens, most were man-made but all appeared
to be natural forming basins.
 Their edges were meandering and irregular and often had pathways weaving through the
trees and close to the water’s edge.

17. Common characteristics of an English garden
 Rolling lawns
rolling lawn topography allowed visitorrs for surprises as they
come around mounds or niches

18. Common characteristics of an English garden
1.Tree groves
Tree groves - were spread throughout the landscape with paths that
allowed the gardens users to wander in and out of the groves and provide
a view of rolling lawns against mass tree plantings.

19.  Ha ha wall
The purpose of ha ha wall was to separate garden from the
grazing land but was invisible from a distance .
Cattle could be kept securely in their fields without the use of hedges or
fences to interrupt the view

20.  Ha ha wall

21.  Grottos
grottos were used as romantic hide outs.
They were manmade but build to resemble a dark natural
forming cave.

22. Case study : Garden of Rousham House

23. Rousham House in Oxfordshire is considered by some as the most
accomplished and significant of William Kent's work.
The patron was General Dormer, who commissioned Bridgeman to begin
the garden in 1727.
But then brought in Kent to recreate it in 1737

24.  He has used a statue of Apollo inside the garden , depicting a theatre
play that how a groove of trees draws the eye on the statute .

26.  To achieve a paintly effect Kent instructed his Gardner to use dark
colours of evergreen trees

27. dark colour evergreen trees

28.  To create the illusion of unbroken landscape kent has used several
technique at the garden of rousham house.
 One of those technique is ha ha wall
 A wall that separated garden from grazing land , being invisible from a
distance
 Cattle could be kept separated without the use of hedges or fences

29. Haha wall

30.  At rousham kent extended the views into the distance by designing a
gothic style alteration to an old mill on the other side of river.

31.  High up in the hill he created a large triple arch architectural folly
called the eye-catcher

32.  It was made on purpose to direct the view towards the field above
the garden

33.  Kent’s crafted views are best appreciated from the seat he has
designed and scattered throughout his gardens
this rustic seat provide the view of garden to watch the river flow
beneath the stone bridge

34.  Kent’s garden often announced themselves with spectacular gates ,
entrances ,
 He has put those gates and entrances on the perimeter of the land
owner holdings in roushams

35.  After years of experimenting with cascades and different commissions
he created the spectacular veil of venus at roushams
it had fountain at that time which went up as long as 50 feet in air