Aluminum is a lightweight, silver-gray metal that is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is extracted from the ore bauxite through an electrolysis process. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is corrosion resistant, and is lightweight yet strong. It is commonly used in construction for doors, windows, siding, roofing, and other applications due to its strength, durability, formability and resistance to corrosion. Aluminum provides design flexibility for architects and engineers and can be cast, extruded, rolled, and welded with relative ease compared to other metals.

1. SUBMITTED BY:
AAKRITI SHARMA
AKHIL GUPTA
GUNDEEP SINGH AHUJA
JOGMAN KHAROUDH

2.  Aluminium(Al) is a chemical element, is
light, silver grey metal used for making
pans etc. In the earth crust, Al is found
abundant metallic element and third
most abundant of all elements, it is
extracted from the ore called bauxite.
 Physically , chemically and
mechanically aluminium is metal like
steel, brass, copper, zinc, lead or
titanium . It can be melted , cast, formed
and machined much like these metals
and it conducts electric current. In fact
often the same equipment and
fabrication methods are used for steel.

3.  Ancient Greeks and Romans used aluminium salts as dyeing
mordants and as astringents for dressing wounds;
 Alum is still used as a styptic;
 In 1761 Guyton de Morveau suggested calling the base alum
alumina.
 In 1808, Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of
alum, which he at first termed aluminium and later aluminium.

4.  The aluminium is extracted from bauxite ores in following order:
i) The bauxite is ground and then it is purified.
ii) It is then dissolved in fused cryolite which is a double fluoride of
aluminium and sodium, AlF3. 3NaF.
iii) The solution is then taken to an eccentric furnace and the
aluminium is separated out by electrolysis.

5.  Good conductor of heat and electricity.
 Silvery white metal with bluish tinge and it
exhibits bright luster on a freshly broken
surface.
 Non-Magnetic substance.
 Rarely attacked by nitric acid, organic acid
or water. It is highly resistant to corrosion.
 Light in weight, malleable and ductile.
 It is very soft.
 It melts at 660 Deg. C and its boiling point
is 2056 Deg. C
 It possesses great toughness and tensile
strength.
 It readily dissolves in HCl.
 Specific Gravity is about 2.70.

6.  Air Tightness : Aluminium door, window etc. This has a very high functional advantage in a
modern fully air-conditioned building.
 Appearance : It is generally smooth, having bright finish which is highly amenableto further
finishing as demanded by the application. Depending on the type of building and decorative
style or scheme, the shades of various colours can be selected.
 Crygonics: The science of dealing with the effects of very low temperatures on the properties
of matters is known as crygonics. Aluminium is highly suitable for sub-zero temperatures will
become extremely brittle and give away.
 Ease in fabrication and assembly: Since it is very soft and ductile metal, the fabrication of
doors, windows can be easily carried out. The aluminium alloys can be cast, forged,
extruded, rolled and welded with relative ease compared to any other metal. An aluminium
structure can easily be dismantled, transported and re-erected in different locations.
 Handling And Transport Cost: As aluminium is very light, the cost of its handling and transport
is very low and this is quite an important factor in material transportation to remote hilly areas
and difficult terrains.
 High Corrosion Resistant: The aluminium has excellent corrosion resistance and it can resist
weathering conditions as well. It can also withstand hot dry and humid conditions very well.
On account of its excellent corrosion resistant propert, the aluminium corrogated sheets are
ideal for use in power plants, steel plants, chemical plants, paper mills, saw mills, fertilizer
plants, petroleum refineries etc.

7.  High Reflectivity: As aluminium possesses very good reflectivity, it does not
absorb radiant heat and low absorption heat helps in maintaining the
surrounding area cool during summer and warm during winters.
 High Scrap Value: The scrap value of aluminium is very high and as it hardly
deteriorates, it enjoys a high re-sale value.
 Maintenance Cost: Due to high corrosion resistance of aluminium , the
maintenance cost is negligible and properly treated aluminium sections can
withstand both sea-coasts and industrial atmospheres for more than 25 – 30
years without any maintenance.
 Noise Control: The aluminium is an excellent reflector or electro and
magnetic sound waves. An aluminium building is therefore less effected by
external noises as compared to buildings made from other materials.

8. 1. Casting Based –
i) Baluster-head
ii) Hardware and Fittings
iii) Security and decorative grills
2. Extrusion Based –
i) Door and Window frames
ii) Fascia panels and curtain walls
iii) Geodesic domes and space grids
iv) Green houses and roof top gardens
v) Hardware fittings
vi) Partitions
3. Foil and Powder Based –
i) Decorative Laminate
ii) Insulative Foils
iii) Paints
iv) Water-proofing Sheets
4. Sheet Based –
i) Cable Tray
ii) Planar or flat type false ceilings
iii) Prefabricated houses
iv) Rain water articles
v) Ridging and angles of roof
vi) Roofing and sliding

9.  Reducing agent in manufacture of steel.
 Used for making aluminium alloys, automobile bodies, engine
parts and surgical instruments.
 Used for casting of steel.
 Used for manufacture of electrical conductors.
 Used in manufacture of paints in powder form.

10.  Roofing and exterior cladding
 Curtain walling and structural glazing
 Prefabricated buildings, green houses and conservatories
 Public works
 Scaffolding and ladders
 Architectural hardware
 Heating and ventilation partitions

12.  Design flexibility
When used for construction applications, aluminium offers the design
engineer and architect the optimum design flexibility.
 Extruded aluminium products
The extrusion process, for e.g., allows an almost infinite range of hollow and
solid profiles to be fabricated combining a variety of design features to suit
the end use application.
 Aluminium panels
Panels can also be produced flat, or in curved shapes for applications such
as tanks, silos or cooling towers. Special forms can also be produced on site
with transportable rolling equipment . Aluminium can be sawed, drilled,
screwed, bent, welded, either in a workshop or on site.
 The ability to incorporate design features into extruded aluminium sections
In addition , the complex shapes achievable with extruded aluminium allow
the window designer to incorporate such features as grooves for joints,
thermal breaks and glazing beads.

13.  Aluminum framing has advantages in
high insulating value, diffuse-light
transmitting swimming pool enclosures.
Typical ferro-vitreous buildings utilize 2
3/4" structural roof panel systems
providing good insulating values, energy
performance, human comfort and
condensation control. The panels are
incorporated into an aluminum box
beam sub-structure resulting in an
enclosure that is designed to meet or
exceed all local snow and wind load
requirements - from Canadian
snowstorms to Caribbean hurricanes.
 Aluminum Structural Framing comes
factory pre-finished, uses a hollow box-
beam design allowing easy wire and
conduit concealment, typically will use
internal gussets, traditional truss
designs, and can be used in a variety of
roof styles.

14. • Created in 1947
• Recycled Content
• May Qualify for LEED
• Baked Enamel Finish Surface
• Not Color Through
• Low Impact Resistance
• Long Term Warranty

15.  Aluminum is used in architectural
skylights which are held using
space frames due to its
lightweight and strong material
properties.
 Aluminum is also used in
prefabricated dome structures
typically used on religious or
institutional buildings.
 Alternative materials are also
now used in pedestrian bridges
and serve as low maintenance
crossways for traffic ranging from
horses and pedestrians to golf
carts. These bridges are
environmentally friendly and
meet state and federal codes.
These materials are used on a
smaller scale presently but show
potential use on large scale
bridges in the future.

16.  These alternative construction materials are typically used in the
decorative elements of buildings, but are being accepted as load
bearing materials due to their weight, strength, cost effective
manufacturing, and modular abilities.