Here are the key symptoms and indications for common GI problems:
- Antacids like Dioval and Alumed are used for acid reflux, heartburn and indigestion.
- Medications like Zantac, Losec and Nexium reduce gastric acid secretion and are used for ulcers and acid reflux.
- Drugs like Ulsanic and Cytotec protect the stomach lining and are used for ulcers.
- Prepulsid enhances stomach motility and is used for indigestion.
- Medications such as Gastab and Air-X are used for gas, bloating and flatulence.
- Motilium is used to treat nausea,
Here are the key symptoms and indications for common GI problems:
- Antacids like Dioval and Alumed are used for acid reflux, heartburn and indigestion.
- Medications like Zantac, Losec and Nexium reduce gastric acid secretion and are used for ulcers and acid reflux.
- Drugs like Ulsanic and Cytotec protect the stomach lining and are used for ulcers.
- Prepulsid enhances stomach motility and is used for indigestion.
- Medications such as Gastab and Air-X are used for gas, bloating and flatulence.
- Motilium is used to treat nausea,
Swamedikasi peran apoteker dalam layanan kesehatan dan marketing apotekiyandri tiluk wahyono
Dokumen tersebut membahas peran strategis apoteker dalam layanan kesehatan dan pemasaran apotek melalui swamedikasi. Secara garis besar, dokumen menjelaskan tentang dasar hukum dan definisi swamedikasi, strategi optimalisasi swamedikasi dalam pemasaran yang meliputi responsif, pengetahuan produk, dan evaluasi, serta peran apoteker dalam memberikan saran swamedikasi secara berbasis bukti.
Pedoman ini memberikan panduan bagi apoteker rumah sakit dalam melakukan kegiatan visite pasien. Visite bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kefarmasian dan hasil terapi pasien dengan mengidentifikasi, mencegah, dan menyelesaikan masalah terkait penggunaan obat. Pedoman ini menjelaskan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi visite serta dokumentasinya.
Tiga kalimat ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pemantauan terapi obat yang meliputi identifikasi masalah penggunaan obat pasien, evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi obat, serta rekomendasi perubahan terapi jika diperlukan untuk mencapai hasil terapi yang optimal.
Based on the information provided:
- Mrs. Tigist's drug-related need is for effective treatment of her depression
- Recommending an OTC sleep aid would not meet this need and could potentially cause harm
- The appropriate action would be to advise Mrs. Tigist that her symptoms suggest she may be depressed and recommend she see her physician for evaluation and treatment
Here are the key symptoms and indications for common GI problems:
- Antacids like Dioval and Alumed are used for acid reflux, heartburn and indigestion.
- Medications like Zantac, Losec and Nexium reduce gastric acid secretion and are used for ulcers and acid reflux.
- Drugs like Ulsanic and Cytotec protect the stomach lining and are used for ulcers.
- Prepulsid enhances stomach motility and is used for indigestion.
- Medications such as Gastab and Air-X are used for gas, bloating and flatulence.
- Motilium is used to treat nausea,
Swamedikasi peran apoteker dalam layanan kesehatan dan marketing apotekiyandri tiluk wahyono
Dokumen tersebut membahas peran strategis apoteker dalam layanan kesehatan dan pemasaran apotek melalui swamedikasi. Secara garis besar, dokumen menjelaskan tentang dasar hukum dan definisi swamedikasi, strategi optimalisasi swamedikasi dalam pemasaran yang meliputi responsif, pengetahuan produk, dan evaluasi, serta peran apoteker dalam memberikan saran swamedikasi secara berbasis bukti.
Pedoman ini memberikan panduan bagi apoteker rumah sakit dalam melakukan kegiatan visite pasien. Visite bertujuan untuk meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kefarmasian dan hasil terapi pasien dengan mengidentifikasi, mencegah, dan menyelesaikan masalah terkait penggunaan obat. Pedoman ini menjelaskan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi visite serta dokumentasinya.
Tiga kalimat ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pemantauan terapi obat yang meliputi identifikasi masalah penggunaan obat pasien, evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan terapi obat, serta rekomendasi perubahan terapi jika diperlukan untuk mencapai hasil terapi yang optimal.
Based on the information provided:
- Mrs. Tigist's drug-related need is for effective treatment of her depression
- Recommending an OTC sleep aid would not meet this need and could potentially cause harm
- The appropriate action would be to advise Mrs. Tigist that her symptoms suggest she may be depressed and recommend she see her physician for evaluation and treatment
Kuliah ini membahas peranan farmasis dalam memberikan pelayanan informasi obat dan konseling pasien, khususnya untuk penyakit kronis. Farmasis perlu memiliki keahlian komunikasi yang baik, kemampuan memecahkan masalah, dan evaluasi literatur medis untuk membantu pasien mengelola penyakitnya dengan benar. Tujuan akhirnya adalah meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien terhadap terapi obat.
1. Biofarmasi mempelajari pengaruh pembuatan sediaan obat terhadap efek terapeutiknya. Efek obat bergantung pada faktor farmakologi dan formulasinya. 2. Ketersediaan farmasi mengukur kecepatan pelepasan zat aktif dari sediaan untuk diserap tubuh, sedangkan ketersediaan hayati mengukur persentase zat aktif yang tersedia untuk efek terapi. 3. Bentuk sediaan, zat pembantu, dan ke
Rangkuman dan Pembahasan Contoh Soal Farmasetika DasarNesha Mutiara
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang berbagai bentuk sediaan farmasi, mulai dari pulveres, larutan, sirup, suspensi, guttae dan drops, serta sediaan bahan alam. Dijelaskan pula ciri-ciri dan contoh masing-masing jenis sediaan tersebut.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai peran penting farmasis dalam memberikan konsultasi obat kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan penggunaan obat dan mengurangi risiko efek samping obat. Konsultasi farmasi meliputi memberikan edukasi tentang penyakit, pengobatan, dan cara penggunaan obat yang benar kepada pasien. Teknik komunikasi seperti bertanya, mendengarkan, dan memberikan contoh digunakan untuk memastikan pas
PENGGUNAAN OBAT TIDAK RASIONAL:
1. Ada atau kecil kemungkinan untuk memberi manfaat
2. Kemungkinan efek samping lebih besar dari manfaat
3. Biaya tidak seimbang dari manfaat
Penggunaan obat dikatakan Rasional apabila pasien menerima obat yang tepat untuk kebutuhan klinis,
dalam dosis yang memenuhi kebutuhan,
untuk jangka waktu yang cukup, dan
pada biaya terendah untuk mereka dan komunitas
Karakterisasi pengembangan farmasi, baik materialnya maupun cara-cara pengobatan mungkin terdapat beberapa perbedaan pada ruang dan waktu yang berbeda. Hal ini tentu dapat dipahami dengan kemajuan nyata rekayasa ilmu pengetahuan dan semakin kompleksnya persoalan kesehatan primer di masa kini. Namun, nilai-nilai luhur ajaran Islam tetap harus maujud dalam setiap tindakan, keputusan-keputusan yang diambil maupun pada pilhan-pilihan yang ditentukan. Kerenanya diperlukan saintis-saintis muslim yang agenda-agenda keilmiahannya senantiasa bertitik tolak dari nilai-nilai ajaran Islam – sebagaimana pada kejayaan Islam di masa silam -- demi kemaslahatan ummat manusia seluruhnya.
Lagu "Apoteker Cilik" mengajak anak-anak untuk bergabung dengan apoteker cilik agar belajar mengenali obat sejak dini dan dapat menggunakannya dengan benar serta terhindar dari penyalahgunaan obat, untuk selalu sehat. Lagu ini dipersembahkan oleh Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia pada Hari Apoteker Sedunia 2019.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang interaksi obat, termasuk definisi, jenis, dan contoh interaksi farmasetik, farmakokinetik, dan farmakodinamik. Interaksi obat dapat meningkatkan atau mengurangi efektivitas obat, dan bahkan toksisitas, tergantung pada obat yang berinteraksi.
Permenkes No. 74 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di puskesmas Ulfah Hanum
Peraturan ini menetapkan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas yang meliputi pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan pelayanan farmasi klinik. Standar ini bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan melindungi pasien. Pelayanan kefarmasian diselenggarakan oleh apoteker dan tenaga teknis kefarmasian sesuai ketentuan sumber daya, prosedur, dan pengawasan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penentuan dosis obat untuk mencapai kadar dalam rentang terapeutik. Secara singkat, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa (1) tujuan penetapan dosis adalah mencapai kadar dalam rentang terapeutik, (2) asumsi farmakokinetik diperlukan bila informasi terbatas, dan (3) pemberian obat jangka panjang harus menjaga kadar steady state dalam rentang tersebut.
Peran Apoteker di Apotek adalah memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian diantaranya yang utama adalah memberikan pelayanan swamedikasi dan pelayanan resep.
Dalam memberikan pelayanan resep, apoteker harus memahami Resep dan menginterpretasikan resep. Apoteker harus memahami cara melakukan compounding dan dispensing resep
.
Adapun tahapan Compounding dan Dispensing Resep sebagai berikut:
1. Menerima dan memvalidasi resep
2. Memahami dan menginterpratasikan resep
3. Penyiapan dan pemberian label
5. Melakukan Pencatatan Data
6. Pelayanan Informasi Obat
Peraturan ini mengubah beberapa ketentuan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1148/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 tentang Pedagang Besar Farmasi, terkait persyaratan dan prosedur perizinan Pedagang Besar Farmasi.
Here are the responses arranged in positive, negative, and interrogative simple present tense forms:
1. Positive: George treats patient.
Negative: George does not treat patient.
Interrogative: Does George treat patient?
2. Positive: The gynecologists arrive at 7 a.m.
Negative: The gynecologists do not arrive at 7 a.m.
Interrogative: Do the gynecologists arrive at 7 a.m.?
3. Positive: The surgery starts at 11.30 a.m.
Negative: The surgery does not start at 11.30 a.m.
Interrogative: Does the surgery start at 11.30
The patient is experiencing back pain. During the dialogue with the doctor, the patient describes feeling pain in his/her back. The doctor examines the patient's back and determines it is a pulled muscle. The doctor advises the patient to take time off work and schedule a follow up appointment in 10 days.
Kuliah ini membahas peranan farmasis dalam memberikan pelayanan informasi obat dan konseling pasien, khususnya untuk penyakit kronis. Farmasis perlu memiliki keahlian komunikasi yang baik, kemampuan memecahkan masalah, dan evaluasi literatur medis untuk membantu pasien mengelola penyakitnya dengan benar. Tujuan akhirnya adalah meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien terhadap terapi obat.
1. Biofarmasi mempelajari pengaruh pembuatan sediaan obat terhadap efek terapeutiknya. Efek obat bergantung pada faktor farmakologi dan formulasinya. 2. Ketersediaan farmasi mengukur kecepatan pelepasan zat aktif dari sediaan untuk diserap tubuh, sedangkan ketersediaan hayati mengukur persentase zat aktif yang tersedia untuk efek terapi. 3. Bentuk sediaan, zat pembantu, dan ke
Rangkuman dan Pembahasan Contoh Soal Farmasetika DasarNesha Mutiara
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang berbagai bentuk sediaan farmasi, mulai dari pulveres, larutan, sirup, suspensi, guttae dan drops, serta sediaan bahan alam. Dijelaskan pula ciri-ciri dan contoh masing-masing jenis sediaan tersebut.
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai peran penting farmasis dalam memberikan konsultasi obat kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan penggunaan obat dan mengurangi risiko efek samping obat. Konsultasi farmasi meliputi memberikan edukasi tentang penyakit, pengobatan, dan cara penggunaan obat yang benar kepada pasien. Teknik komunikasi seperti bertanya, mendengarkan, dan memberikan contoh digunakan untuk memastikan pas
PENGGUNAAN OBAT TIDAK RASIONAL:
1. Ada atau kecil kemungkinan untuk memberi manfaat
2. Kemungkinan efek samping lebih besar dari manfaat
3. Biaya tidak seimbang dari manfaat
Penggunaan obat dikatakan Rasional apabila pasien menerima obat yang tepat untuk kebutuhan klinis,
dalam dosis yang memenuhi kebutuhan,
untuk jangka waktu yang cukup, dan
pada biaya terendah untuk mereka dan komunitas
Karakterisasi pengembangan farmasi, baik materialnya maupun cara-cara pengobatan mungkin terdapat beberapa perbedaan pada ruang dan waktu yang berbeda. Hal ini tentu dapat dipahami dengan kemajuan nyata rekayasa ilmu pengetahuan dan semakin kompleksnya persoalan kesehatan primer di masa kini. Namun, nilai-nilai luhur ajaran Islam tetap harus maujud dalam setiap tindakan, keputusan-keputusan yang diambil maupun pada pilhan-pilihan yang ditentukan. Kerenanya diperlukan saintis-saintis muslim yang agenda-agenda keilmiahannya senantiasa bertitik tolak dari nilai-nilai ajaran Islam – sebagaimana pada kejayaan Islam di masa silam -- demi kemaslahatan ummat manusia seluruhnya.
Lagu "Apoteker Cilik" mengajak anak-anak untuk bergabung dengan apoteker cilik agar belajar mengenali obat sejak dini dan dapat menggunakannya dengan benar serta terhindar dari penyalahgunaan obat, untuk selalu sehat. Lagu ini dipersembahkan oleh Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia pada Hari Apoteker Sedunia 2019.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang interaksi obat, termasuk definisi, jenis, dan contoh interaksi farmasetik, farmakokinetik, dan farmakodinamik. Interaksi obat dapat meningkatkan atau mengurangi efektivitas obat, dan bahkan toksisitas, tergantung pada obat yang berinteraksi.
Permenkes No. 74 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di puskesmas Ulfah Hanum
Peraturan ini menetapkan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas yang meliputi pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan pelayanan farmasi klinik. Standar ini bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan melindungi pasien. Pelayanan kefarmasian diselenggarakan oleh apoteker dan tenaga teknis kefarmasian sesuai ketentuan sumber daya, prosedur, dan pengawasan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang penentuan dosis obat untuk mencapai kadar dalam rentang terapeutik. Secara singkat, dokumen menjelaskan bahwa (1) tujuan penetapan dosis adalah mencapai kadar dalam rentang terapeutik, (2) asumsi farmakokinetik diperlukan bila informasi terbatas, dan (3) pemberian obat jangka panjang harus menjaga kadar steady state dalam rentang tersebut.
Peran Apoteker di Apotek adalah memberikan pelayanan kefarmasian diantaranya yang utama adalah memberikan pelayanan swamedikasi dan pelayanan resep.
Dalam memberikan pelayanan resep, apoteker harus memahami Resep dan menginterpretasikan resep. Apoteker harus memahami cara melakukan compounding dan dispensing resep
.
Adapun tahapan Compounding dan Dispensing Resep sebagai berikut:
1. Menerima dan memvalidasi resep
2. Memahami dan menginterpratasikan resep
3. Penyiapan dan pemberian label
5. Melakukan Pencatatan Data
6. Pelayanan Informasi Obat
Peraturan ini mengubah beberapa ketentuan dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1148/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 tentang Pedagang Besar Farmasi, terkait persyaratan dan prosedur perizinan Pedagang Besar Farmasi.
Here are the responses arranged in positive, negative, and interrogative simple present tense forms:
1. Positive: George treats patient.
Negative: George does not treat patient.
Interrogative: Does George treat patient?
2. Positive: The gynecologists arrive at 7 a.m.
Negative: The gynecologists do not arrive at 7 a.m.
Interrogative: Do the gynecologists arrive at 7 a.m.?
3. Positive: The surgery starts at 11.30 a.m.
Negative: The surgery does not start at 11.30 a.m.
Interrogative: Does the surgery start at 11.30
The patient is experiencing back pain. During the dialogue with the doctor, the patient describes feeling pain in his/her back. The doctor examines the patient's back and determines it is a pulled muscle. The doctor advises the patient to take time off work and schedule a follow up appointment in 10 days.
The document is a transcript of a conversation between a doctor and patient. The patient, Sarah, is seeing the doctor for a sore throat. The doctor examines Sarah's throat and determines there is an infection. The doctor prescribes some pills for Sarah to take three times a day and instructs her to return for a follow up appointment in a week.
The patient, Sarah, visits the doctor complaining of a sore throat. The doctor examines her throat and determines there is an infection present. He prescribes some pills for Sarah to take three times a day and instructs her to return for a follow up appointment in one week.
The pharmacist can fill prescriptions, assess potential side effects of medications, and provide guidance on how and when to take medications. They can also help organize medication schedules and act as an advocate for patients by consulting with doctors. Key information provided on prescription labels includes the patient and doctor names, medication name and instructions, expiration date, number of refills, and pharmacist name. Receipts list the medication cost, taxes, amounts paid by insurance plans and patients.
The document asks a series of questions about personal medical experiences, health routines, medicine use, treatment of common ailments, hospital visits, specialist doctors, injuries, and first aid kits. It inquires about experiences with medical/dental procedures, frequency of checkups and what doctors check, doctor's medical advice and following it, medicines kept at home and other medicines, treatments for fever, headache, stomachache, sore throat, cold, and cough, hospital experiences by self or family, any medical specialists seen and which one, the last time not feeling well and the issue, times of injury, what happened and how, and what was done, treatments for cold, stomachache, insect bites, and hiccups,
This document provides an overview of a health and fitness unit that includes vocabulary and grammar related to parts of the body, symptoms, diseases, and expressing how people feel physically. It introduces present simple tense to describe physical states and indefinite pronouns. Vocabulary covers body parts, common symptoms and diseases. Grammar focuses on asking how others feel, making suggestions, and using indefinite pronouns. Exercises practice this content through labeling diagrams, matching illnesses to symptoms, role plays between doctors and patients, and punctuation practice.
The document outlines 20 functions of the English language including giving opinions, agreeing, disagreeing, advising, complaining, inviting, apologizing, and more. For each function, phrases are provided as examples of how to express that function in English.
The document provides useful phrases for an oral English test in several categories:
1. Giving opinions, apologizing, disagreeing with people, refusing ideas, asking for opinions and help from others, expressing dislikes, and praising good ideas.
2. When working with a partner, it is important to collaborate, listen to each other, politely express disagreements, allow time for thinking, and ask clarifying questions if something is not understood.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. b) people feel pain.
2. a) people experience pain differently.
3. b) pain is a symptom.
4. b) how bad the pain is.
5. a) point to a smiley face.
6. a) pain in another part of the body.
Here are the medical records of the doctors contained in the card:
- Dr. John: A patient who wakes up feeling sick. Diagnosis: Stomach flu. Prescribed rest and fluids.
- Dr. Lisa: A patient who can't sleep. Diagnosis: Insomnia. Prescribed sleep medication for 2 weeks.
- Dr. Smith: A patient who's putting on weight. Diagnosis: Obesity. Recommended diet and exercise plan.
- Dr. Andy: A patient who has lost a lot of weight. Diagnosis: Anorexia. Referred to nutritionist and psychologist.
- Dr. Zoe: A patient who's losing weight. Diagnosis: Th
This document provides a grammar review covering key concepts like parts of speech, sentence structure, and types of sentences. It defines what a sentence is and its basic components - subject and predicate. It then covers the different parts of speech in detail including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Examples are provided for each part of speech and their various forms and functions in sentences. The four basic types of sentences - statements, questions, exclamations, and commands - are also defined.
The document discusses various topics including feelings about traffic, preferences for travel and parties, health, and honesty. It describes feeling annoyed by traffic that delays arrival, enjoying travel for new experiences, being surprised but excited for university, rarely getting sick or making excuses but preferring honesty, and generally liking parties but prioritizing health over commitments when sick.
This document provides an English textbook for Indonesian nurse and midwife students. It contains 4 chapters that introduce basic English concepts relevant to nursing and midwifery. The first chapter reviews grammar, tenses, and language functions for asking questions and giving directions in a medical context. It provides examples of dialogues between nurses and patients. The preface expresses the aim to teach English terminology related to nursing, medicine, and midwifery to improve the quality of healthcare professionals.
Tiếng anh dành cho bác sĩ yhocthuchanh2015Nguyen Van Tai
Here are the X-ray plates.
Day la phim chup X quang.
B: Let me have a look. Yes, as I suspected, you have a
cracked rib.4 You should take a week off work to rest.
Here's a prescription for some painkillers and herbal
medicine. Come back and see me if the pain persists.
De tdi xem. Dung nhu tdi nghi, anh co mot xuong bi nac.
Anh nen nghi lam mot tuan de nghT. Day la toa thuoc
giarn dau va thuoc bac. Neu van con dau, hay lai gap
1. The document provides instructions for a Pre-O-NET English language test for 6th grade secondary students in the 2019 academic year.
2. The test contains 100 multiple choice questions to be completed in 2 hours for a total score of 100 points.
3. Students must choose only one answer for each question by shading the corresponding number on their answer sheet.
Unit 1: Establishing a relationship
With your patient/client first before you start your procedure you should introduce yourself and get to know your patient/client.
The Ice Bucket Challenge went viral on social media in 2014 as a way to promote awareness of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and encourage donations to research. Participants would dump a bucket of ice water on their head within 24 hours of being challenged and then nominate others. ALS is a disease characterized by muscle spasticity and weakness that affects speaking, swallowing, and breathing. Those taking the challenge would first announce their acceptance and then pour ice into a bucket of water and dump it over their head in one continuous video.
The document provides vocabulary related to common health problems and useful phrases for visiting the doctor. It includes vocabulary for symptoms like headaches, fevers, cuts, and sprains. It also lists medical terms like patient, doctor, thermometer, fluids, and various medications. Sample dialogues demonstrate asking and answering questions at the doctor's office about symptoms, medications taken, allergies, and receiving treatment advice. The document aims to teach English vocabulary and expressions for discussing health issues and visiting the doctor.
Similar to English conversation for pharmacist (20)
แนวทางการจัดการความเสี่ยงที่ส่งผลต่อต้นทุนการจัดการสินค้าคงคลัง
ของร้านขายยา CDE ในจังหวัดขอนแก่น
The Approach of Risk Management that Affecting the
Inventory Management Cost of CDE Drugstore in Khonkaen Province
Best Practice in Communication
ราชวิทยาลัยกุมารแพทย์แห่งประเทศไทย สมาคมกุมารแพทย์แห่งประเทศไทย
บรรณาธิการ วินัดดา ปิยะศิลป์ วันดี นิงสานนท์
ISBN 978-616-91972-1-8
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoeaUtai Sukviwatsirikul
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults based on 21 randomized controlled trials involving 4780 participants. The administration of S. boulardii compared to placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea from 18.7% to 8.5%. S. boulardii was effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. It also reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in children but not adults. Overall, the results confirm that S. boulardii is effective for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults.
This document provides information on drugs used to treat acute diarrhea. It begins with definitions of diarrhea from WHO. It then discusses estimates of child mortality due to diarrhea in Thailand from 2010 to 2012. It presents data on the age distribution of diarrhea cases and hospital admissions. It lists common bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens that cause childhood diarrhea. It discusses the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea and describes fluid and electrolyte losses and consequences of dehydration and nutritional deficits. It provides details on fluid and electrolyte composition of diarrheal stool from different pathogens. It outlines the objectives of diarrhea treatment and causes of death. It then discusses use of oral rehydration therapy and solutions. It recommends probiotics, continued feeding, and zinc supplementation. It
Systematic review with meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii in the preventi...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children and adults based on 21 randomized controlled trials involving 4780 participants. The administration of S. boulardii compared to placebo or no treatment reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea from 18.7% to 8.5%. S. boulardii was effective in reducing the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. It also reduced the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in children. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate to low based on limitations in the design and reporting of the included studies. This meta-analysis confirms the effectiveness of
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea ...Utai Sukviwatsirikul
Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated
diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled
trial
M. KOTOWSKA, P. ALBRECHT & H. SZAJEWSKA
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Accepted for publication 24 November 2004
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Dive into this presentation and learn about the ways in which you can buy an engagement ring. This guide will help you choose the perfect engagement rings for women.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
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English conversation for pharmacist
1. 1
English for Pharmacist
1. Greeting & Everyday Conversation
2. Prime Question
3. Symptom & Indication
4. Warning, Precaution & Patient education
5. Rough Situation
6. Special Equipment
Greeting & Everyday Conversation
(Greetings)
Good morning/ Good afternoon/ Good evening/ Good night F F F F ˈ
Hello/ Hi F F ˈ
How do you do? ( ) F F F How do you do.
How are you?/ How have you been?/ Hoe are you doing?/ How are things?/ How s it going? F ˈ
F
F Fine (Thank you/ Thanks)/ Very well/ Good/ All right/ So-so/ Okay/ Not bad
Good bye/ See you again/ See you later/ See you/ Bye F
F : Have a nice trip. ( F )
Have a nice day/ weekend. ( / F F F )
Take care. ( F )
F F F Yes No F F F F
Certainly. F F Certainly not. F..... F
Of course. F F F Of course not. F..... F F
I hope so. F ˈ F F I hope not. F F ˈ F
Perhaps so. ˈ F F Perhaps not. F ˈ F
I think so. F F F I don t think so. F F F
By all means. F F, F ˆ
That s right. F
Not at all. F ˈ
That s it.
Not yet.
2. 2
That s true.
Very likely. F ˈ F
I see. F ! F F
(Sympathizing)
1. That s too bad! 5. What a pity!
2. That s a shame! 6. I m (very) sorry to hear about that.
3. That s a pity! 7. I m (very) sory.
4. What a shame! 8. I m so sorry.
(Gratitude)
1. Thanks/ Thank you (for saying so). 4. Thanks (very much).
2. It s nice of you to say so/that. 5. I m very grateful.
3. Thanks (for telling me).
F F F
1. You re welcome. 6. I m glad I could do it.
2. Don t mention it. 7. I m glad I could help.
3. No problem. 8. I m glad I could be of help.
4. Glad to be of help. 9. (It was) my pleasure.
5. It was nothing (at all). 10. Any time.
F F (Asking for Repetition)
1. Excuse me? Pardon me? 9. Would you please repeat that?
2. I beg your pardon? 10. Would you mind saying that again?
3. What was that you said? 11. I didn t (quite) catch that.
4. Could you say that again, please? 12. I didn t get that.
5. Would you say that again, please? 13. I missed that.
6. Would you mind repeating that? 14. I m lost.
7. what did you say? 15. I m not following you.
8. Could you please repeat that?
(Hesitating)
1. I don t know where to begin.
2. I don t know where to start.
3. I don t know what to say.
3. 3
4. Well, let s see
5. Well,
6. Let me see
7. Let s see
8. Hmm
9. Okay
10. Uh
11. I think
12. I guess
13. Gee-uh
F ( Requests)
1. Would you mind if I ?
2. Would it bother you if I ?
3. Would it disturb you if I ?
4. Could I ask you to ?
5. Could I ask you a favor?
6. Can you help me with this?
7. Could you please ..?
8. May I ask you ?
9. Is there anything I can do for you?
10. Please .
(Appreciation)
1. I appreciate it/ that.
2. It s (vary) nice/ kind of you to offer.
3. Thanks for offering.
4. I appreciate your offering.
5. That s (very) nice/ kind of you.
6. That would be nice.
7. You re very kind/ nice.
8. I m very grateful (to __________ ).
9. I really appreciate it.
10. I appreciate it very much.
11. It was very nice of you (to __________ ).
12. I can t begin to tell you how much I appreciate __________ .
4. 4
13. I want to express my appreciation to __________ .
F F (Offering to Do Something)
1. Do you want me to __________?
2. Would you like me to __________?
3. I ll __________, if you d like.
4. I ll be happy/ glad to __________, if you d like.
5. I d be happy/ glad to __________, if you d like.
6. Let me ( __________ ).
F F (Offering to Help)
(Making an Offer)
1. (Do you) want/ need any help?
2. (Do you) want/ need a hand?
3. Can I help?
4. Can I give you a hand?
5. Would you like me to help you __________?
6. Do you want me to help you __________?
7. I d be glad/ happy to help you __________, (it you d like).
8. Let me help you __________ .
9. Would you like any help __________ing?
10. Can I do anything to help?
11. Is there anything I can do to help?
12. Is there anything I can do to help?
13. Can I help?
14. I d be happy/ glad to give you a hand.
15. I d be happy/ glad to lend a hand.
16. I d be happy/ glad to help.
17. Let me give you a hand.
18. I m happy to lend a hand.
19. Let me __________ .
20. Allow me to __________ .
21. May I help you?
22. Can I help you?
23. Is there anything/ something in particular I can help you find?
24. Is there anything/ something you re looking for in particular?
5. 5
25. Is there anything else I can help you with?
26. Please let me know if I can be of any further assistance.
27. Please fell free to call on me if I can be of any further assistance.
28. If I can be of any further assistance, please don t hesitate to ask/ let me know.
(Responding to an Offer)
1. If you don t mind.
2. If you wouldn t mind.
3. I don t want to trouble.
4. I don t want to trouble you/ bother you/ inconvenience you/ put you to any trouble/ put you out.
5. Don t worry about it.
6. That s okay/ all right.
(Apologizing)
1. (Oh,) I m sorry.
2. Sorry about that.
3. I apologize for saying that.
4. I don t mean to make things difficult for you.
5. I don t mean to make things complicated for you.
6. I don t mean to complicate things.
7. I don t mean to give you a hard time.
8. I don t mean to give you the runaround.
F (Forgiving)
1. It s O.K.
2. Forget about it.
3. Don t worry about it.
4. No problem.
6. 6
Prime Question
1. Patient is sitting in front of the counter for a long time. What should we do?
Excuse me, sir? Are you waiting for the medicine?
Could I have your receipt, please?
Can I see the receipt, please?
Have you seen the doctor yet? Did you contact the cashier?
2. Waiting
The medicine is not ready yet.
Just a moment.
Just a minute.
One moment.
Please have/ take a seat.
Please be seated.
I will call your name when it s ready.
3. Dispensing
Calling the name : If you can t pronounce. Just try. If it still doesn t work. Try harder until the patient
comes to you. You might say.
Did I pronounce your name correctly?
Doctors
How many doctors have you seen/ met/ visited today?
Today you ve seen just one doctor, right?
Allergy
Are you allergic to any medicines?
Do you have any medicine/ drug allergies?
Have any medicines ever upset you?
Have you ever allergic to any medicines?
If the patient dose allergic to some medicine. We might continue asking these question.
How was it?
What was the symptom? Was it Severe?
How did you manage it?
When did you have drug allergy? Have you ever take it again since then?
Medication history
Are you taking any medication currently?
Are you on the pills?
Have you ever take these medicines before?
7. 7
Are these the same medicines that you had before?
How do you normally take it?
Is the dosage regimen still the same?
Situation : Prime Question
Situation I : Patient is standing in front of the counter.
Pharmacist : Excuse me, sir? May I help you?
Patient : Yes. I ve just seen the doctor and now I want to get my medicine.
Pharmacist : Did you contact the cashier?
Patient : No, not yet.
Pharmacist : O.K., could you please contact the first? And wait for the cashier to call your name. After that you can bring
the receipt to get your medicine here.
Patient : O.K., thanks a lot.
Pharmacist : No problem, sir.
Situation II : Patient already contact the cashier.
Pharmacist : Good morning, Could I help your receipt, please? ** Patient give the receipt to the pharmacist**
Pharmacist : Just a minute, please have a seat.
Patient : My medicine is not ready?
Pharmacist : Umm..Not yet, sir. I ll call your medicine is ready.
Situation III : Calling patients to get their medicine.
Pharmacist : Mr. peter Johnson, please .. Mr. Johnson, please.
Hello, sir. Please check your name again, is it correct?
Patient : Yeah, Peter Johnson.
Pharmacist : How many doctors have you seen today?
Patient : Just one doctor. Why do you always keep asking this question?
Pharmacist : Because some patients met more than one doctor so I just want to make sure that you ve got all the medicine,
you suppose to have.
Pharmacist : Are you allergic to any medicine?
Patient : Nothing that I know.
Pharmacist : OK, Today you have 3 medicines. .
Situation IV : Asking about allergy.
Pharmacist : Have you ever allergic to any medicine?
8. 8
Patient : Yes, I used to allergic to penicillin but it s a long time ago.
Pharmacist : OK, what was the symptom when you took penicillin?
Patient : I had a rash all over.
Pharmacist : Have you ever take it again since then?
Patient : No, never.
Pharmacist : OK, today you won t have any problem about this because the doctor gave different class of antibiotic.
Patient : That s good.
9. 9
Rough Situation
1. F F
The medicine is out of stock here.
Your medicine need to be mixing.
We have to get the medicine from the main store/ stock on 2nd
floor/ 3rd
floor.
It might take a little bit longer than usual.
It may take some more time.
It will take about 10 minutes.
Could you please wail for a moment?
You can come back to get the medicines in about 15 minutes.
We are very sorry for the inconvenient.
2. F ˁ F F F
This medicine can not dispense without prescription from the doctor.
Could you please contact the nurse station to see the doctor first?
3. F ˁ F F F F ˈ Policy
We cannot return this medicine for you.
We would accept it only if you are allergic to the medicine and doctor has confirmed.
I really don t have the authority to do so because it is against the policy.
Every medicine that we have got back. We won t use them anymore because it is the want to guarantee the
quality of every medicine that dispense from the hospital.
4. F F F ˁ F F F F F F ˁ
The medicine is out of stock right now.
We have run out of this medicine. The lot will be coming next week.
You might have to come to get the medicine next time.
Do you want me to mail it to you?
Or do you want to come and get it yourself?
I will give you a receive form. When the medicine comes I will notify you. You just bring this receive from to
get your medicine.
We are sorry for the inconvenient.
5. F / F F ˁ
Sorry, we don t have this medicine in the hospital.
10. 10
I afraid that you might have to buy it from somewhere else.
You might find it from some drug stores nearby big hospitals like Rama or Siriraj.
6. F ˁ F F F F F F F F F
Already pay
This is calling from BH, Pharmacy department.
Yesterday you came to the hospital. You have forgotten to pick up your medicine which you already
paid.
Could you come to get it?
You can come here any time you re available. From 7 am 9 pm please contact the pharmacy
department on 2nd
floor. And please bring your receipt with you.
Not pay yet.
Please contact the cashier and bring the receipt to get your medicine.
F
The day that you came to the hospital. We ve undercharged your expenses.
You can pay for it with next visit.
We are very sorry for the mistake.
7. F / F
There is a mistake about charging your medication.
I ve undercharged/ overcharged your medication
You might have to contact the cashier again
Which number of the cashier did you contact?
Please contact the same cashier did you contact?
Which cashier did you contact?
Please contact the same cashier again.
8. Order F F Confirm F
There are some problem about your prescription.
The prescription is not clear.
I have to consult the doctor.
I have to confirm with your doctor.
You might have to wait a little bit long
Situation I
Pt : Hello, I want to but this medicine. I couldn t find it from anywhere. Do you have it here?
11. 11
Ph : Just a minute, please. Let me check it for you.
Yes, we have this medicine but I can not dispense it without a prescription from the doctor. Would you mind to see
the doctor first?
Pt : Why do I have to see the doctor? I ve been taking this medication for a long time.
Ph : Yes, I understand that but this medicine have to use under doctor s control that s why I need a prescription.
Pt : OK, where can I see a doctor?
Ph : Is this your first time here?
Pt : Yeah.
Ph : So you have to register first. The registration section is right at the corner over there. You just tell them that you want
to but the medicine which need a prescription from the doctor.
Pt : OK, thank you
Ph : You re welcome.
Situation II
Ph : Hello, May I speak to Mr. John Smith, please?
Pt : Speaking.
Ph : This is calling from Bumrungrad Hospital. Yesterday you came to the hospital, right?
Pt : Yes. Is there any problem?
Ph : Do you know that you suppose to have the medicine to take home?
Pt : Yeah, but really didn t have time to wait. Can I pick it up to day?
Ph : Sure, you can.
Pt : where can I get my medicine.
Ph : Please contact the cashier on 2nd
floor and bring the receipt to get your medicine at Pharmacy department.
Pt : OK, thank you very much.
Ph : No problem, sir.
Situation III
Pt : Is my medicine ready yet? I m waiting here for almost 15 minute. And there is no other patient at all. What are you
doing? I don t get it.
Ph : I m very sorry. What your name, please? I ll check it out for you.
Pt : Patricia.
Ph : OK, just a minute please. You have one medicine that need to be mixing so it might take some more time.
Pt : So how long do I have to wait?
Ph : Just about 10 minute. I m very sorry for the inconvenient.
Pt : Alright.
12. 12
Symptom & Indication
Chief complaint
What s the problem?
What seems to be the problem?
Medicine
URI
Headache
Fever
Shiver
Pain
Cough
Dry cough/ productive cough (cough with phlegm/ sputum)
Shortness of breath Bronchodilator
Sore throat
Cold
Runny nose
Stuff nose nasal congestion
Tried
GI
Diarrhoea
Apitite Loss of apitite/
Stomach ache/ pain
I ve been sick/ throwing up/ vomiting.
Indigestion
Peptic/ Gastric ulcer
Colicky pain/ cramps in the stomach/ abdomen
Bloated ( F ) Flatulance/ wind/ gas ( )
Heart
Chest pain
Palpitation
Indication
GI
Antacid : Dioval, Alumed
13. 13
Reduce gastric secretion : Zantac, Losec, Nexium
Protect the stomach : Ulsanic, Cytotec
Enhance motility : prepulsid
For gas/ bloating : Gastab, Air-X
Nausea/ Vomitting, throwing up : Motilium
Digestive drug, digestive enzyme, For indigestion/ stomach discomfort : Combizym
Abdominal pain/ Colicky pain/ Antispasmodic/ For abdominal spasm : Buscopan, Colofac
For absorb toxin, gas : Ultracarbon
For diarrhea : Imodium, Lacteol
Laxative/ For constipation : Dulcolax, MOM, Senokot
For Increase stool mass/ soften the stool : Mucillin, Agiolax
Vitamin supplement for liver
Heat medicine
Hypertension/ For high blood pressure
Diuretic/ Water pill
Increase blood flow in the brain
For migraine