This document provides instruction on the use of imperatives and question structures in English. It begins by explaining that imperatives are used for commands, instructions, and requests, and are formed using the base verb without "to." It then discusses question structures, noting that auxiliary and modal verbs invert subject and verb order in questions. The document also distinguishes between who and what questions, and explains the use of like in questions. Several exercises are included to practice these structures.

1. English class 14
Elementary level
Juan José Simón Pérez
learnenglishesol.weebly.com

2. IMPERATIVES
 El imperativo es el tiempo verbal utilizado para
dar instrucciones, órdenes, avisos, peticiones
(acompañando el verbo con ‘please’),
direcciones… Siempre se dirige a la 2ª persona
del singular, you.
 Es un tiempo muy fácil de conjugar: solo hay
que poner el infinitivo, sin TO y sin SUJETO.
Pay attention, this is important.
Continue straight ahead, then turn left.

3. IMPERATIVES
 La negación en el imperativo se forma con
DO NOT / DON’T + infinitivo (sin TO)
Do not disturb
Don’t smoke
 El imperativo no se utiliza en preguntas.
 Recuerda que el infinitivo del verbo ‘to be’ sin to
es BE
Be careful!
Be quiet, please

4. IMPERATIVES
 Exercise. Write the pronoun YOU when the
correct tense is present simple.
1) J: Toni, can ___ help me to cook an indian meal?
2) T: Of course John, ___ just wait a second!
3) J: OK, I’ll prepare the ingredients in the meantime.
4) T: So, what do ___ want me to do?
5) J: __ tell me the steps to cook Tandory chicken.
6) T: Ok, first, ___ put the chicken on a frying pan.
7) Then, ___ add onion, garlic and spices.
8) ___ don’t heat it too much,
9) and to finish, ___ bake the chicken in the oven.

5. IMPERATIVES
 Exercise. Write the pronoun YOU when the
correct tense is present simple.
1) J: Toni, can YOU help me to cook an indian meal?
2) T: Of course John, just wait a second!
3) J: OK, I’ll prepare the ingredients in the meantime.
4) T: So, what do YOU want me to do?
5) J: tell me the steps to cook Tandory chicken.
6) T: Ok, first, put the chicken on a frying pan.
7) Then, add onion, garlic and spices.
8) don’t heat it too much,
9) and to finish, bake the chicken in the oven.

6. QUESTIONS
 En inglés hay varias maneras de estructurar las
preguntas, dependiendo del verbo que
utilicemos.
 Verbos auxiliares y modales: invierten sujeto y
verbo.
You are talking to me – Are you talking to me?
You can swim – Can you swim?
 Verbos regulares: Se utiliza un auxiliar delante
del sujeto.
Do you like swimming?
Will you go to the party?

7. QUESTIONS
 Hay ocasiones en que las preguntas en inglés
pueden causar confusiones:
1) Who saw him? = Somebody saw him (who es
el sujeto)
2) Who did he see? = He saw somebody (who es
el objeto)
 Estos casos ocurren con WHAT y con WHO.
Who phoned you? – Tom phoned me
Who did you phone? – I phoned Jerry
What does Susan eat? –An apple
Who eats apples?-Susan

8. QUESTIONS
 Exercise. Match the questions with their
correct answers.
1. Who did you see?
a. Toni says so
2. Who does she speak
with?
3. Who saw you?
4. Who says so?
b. Jennifer speaks with
her
c. I saw Mike
d. He said that everything
is OK
e. She speaks with
Jennifer
f. Mike saw me
5. Who speaks with her?
6. What did he say?

9. QUESTIONS
 Exercise. Match the questions with their
correct answers.
1. Who did you see?
2. Who does she speak
with?
c. I saw Mike
e. She speaks with
Jennifer
3. Who saw you?
4. Who says so?
f. Mike saw me
a. Toni says so
5. Who speaks with her?
b. Jennifer speaks with
her
d. He said that everything
is OK
6. What did he say?

10. QUESTIONS
 WHAT or WHICH?
 El significado de WHAT y el de WHICH son muy
similares, no obstante estas palabras se utilizan
en situaciones determinadas.
 WHICH se utiliza cuando el número de
posibilidades es reducido (máx 4 opciones)
Which colour do you prefer, orange or green?
 WHAT se utiliza cuando el sentido es mas
general.
What colour is your new car?

11. QUESTIONS
 En las preguntas que empiezan por WHAT,
WHO, WHERE…, las preposiciones (TO, WITH,
AT…) se sitúan normalmente al final de la
pregunta.
Where are you from?
What is he afraid of?
Which school is your cousin in?
What are you talking about?

12. QUESTIONS
 LIKE: en muchas preguntas se utiliza LIKE con
un significado diferente a GUSTAR.
 En estos casos, LIKE no actúa como verbo, sino
como preposición.
 El significado aquí es similar a‘COMO’.
What is it like? = ¿Como es?
How does he look like? = ¿Qué aspecto tiene?
What is the weather like? = ¿Cómo está el
tiempo?,¿qué tiempo hace?

13. QUESTIONS
 Exercise. Write the correct questions for the
following answers.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Where …? -I’m from Spain.
What …? –This movie is about dinosaurs.
W…? –The boy is playing with his friend.
…? –I’m afraid of the darkness.
…? –I’m listening to a radio programme.
…? – Sue is calling to her sister

14. QUESTIONS
 Answers.
1) Where are you from? -I’m from Spain.
2) What is this movie about? –This movie is about
dinosaurs.
3) Who is playing the boy with? –The boy is playing
with his friend.
4) What are you afraid of? –I’m afraid of the
darkness.
5) What are you listening to? –I’m listening to a radio
programme.
6) Who is Sue calling to? – Sue is calling to her sister

15. Thank you for your attention!