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Quotations and Citations
 To avoid plagiarism
 So the reader knows where you’re getting your
information
 So the reader can consult your sources for further
research
 MLA: Modern Language Association
◦ Citation style developed by the Modern Language
Association of America, an organization dedicated to
scholarship, research, and teaching, particularly of
language and literature
◦ www.mla.org
 A list of all the sources you have cited in the text
of your paper
 Listed alphabetically
 Double-spaced, with the second and subsequent
lines indented for each entry
 Provide in-text citations for all direct quotes and
paraphrases.
 Purpose: so the reader can find the full listing of
the source of the quote/paraphrase in the Works
Cited page
 The author-page style
◦ Use only the author’s last name in the citation followed
by the page number:
 Example: Our reality is formed by words, for “our primary
world of reality is a verbal one” (Langer 778).
◦ If the author is mentioned in the sentence, then include
only the page number of the text:
 Example: Langer says, “The fact is that our primary world of
reality is a verbal one” (778).
 Note that the citation and the period come after the closing
quotation mark.
 Non-print sources (ex. from the internet,
speeches, presentations)
◦ Include the first item from the corresponding Works Cited
entry (ex. author name, article name, website name, etc.)
◦ Do not include the URL of a website, as many URLs
change over time
◦ Do not include page numbers, as there are none
 Example:
◦ Our reality is formed by words, for “our primary world of reality
is a verbal one” (Langer 778). Verbal language is an integral
aspect of the world of humanity. It is a powerful tool that
“allows you to implant a thought from your mind directly into
someone else’s mind” (Pagel).
◦ Works Cited:
Langer, Susanne. “Language.” A World of Ideas: Essential
Readings for College Writers. 9th ed. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus.
New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 768-81. Print.
Pagel, Mark. “How Language Transformed Humanity.”
TEDGlobal. Edinburgh International Conference Center,
Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 13 Jul 2011. Conference
Presentation.
 For more information, consult the Purdue OWL
website:
◦ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/
 ‘MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide’ link at right
 MLA Vidcast series:
 For more information, consult the Purdue OWL
website:
◦ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/
 ‘MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide’ link at right
 MLA Vidcast series:

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English 104: Quotations and Citations

  • 2.  To avoid plagiarism  So the reader knows where you’re getting your information  So the reader can consult your sources for further research
  • 3.  MLA: Modern Language Association ◦ Citation style developed by the Modern Language Association of America, an organization dedicated to scholarship, research, and teaching, particularly of language and literature ◦ www.mla.org
  • 4.  A list of all the sources you have cited in the text of your paper  Listed alphabetically  Double-spaced, with the second and subsequent lines indented for each entry
  • 5.  Provide in-text citations for all direct quotes and paraphrases.  Purpose: so the reader can find the full listing of the source of the quote/paraphrase in the Works Cited page
  • 6.  The author-page style ◦ Use only the author’s last name in the citation followed by the page number:  Example: Our reality is formed by words, for “our primary world of reality is a verbal one” (Langer 778). ◦ If the author is mentioned in the sentence, then include only the page number of the text:  Example: Langer says, “The fact is that our primary world of reality is a verbal one” (778).  Note that the citation and the period come after the closing quotation mark.
  • 7.  Non-print sources (ex. from the internet, speeches, presentations) ◦ Include the first item from the corresponding Works Cited entry (ex. author name, article name, website name, etc.) ◦ Do not include the URL of a website, as many URLs change over time ◦ Do not include page numbers, as there are none
  • 8.  Example: ◦ Our reality is formed by words, for “our primary world of reality is a verbal one” (Langer 778). Verbal language is an integral aspect of the world of humanity. It is a powerful tool that “allows you to implant a thought from your mind directly into someone else’s mind” (Pagel). ◦ Works Cited: Langer, Susanne. “Language.” A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers. 9th ed. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 768-81. Print. Pagel, Mark. “How Language Transformed Humanity.” TEDGlobal. Edinburgh International Conference Center, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. 13 Jul 2011. Conference Presentation.
  • 9.  For more information, consult the Purdue OWL website: ◦ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/  ‘MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide’ link at right  MLA Vidcast series:
  • 10.  For more information, consult the Purdue OWL website: ◦ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/  ‘MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide’ link at right  MLA Vidcast series: