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Honey bees (Apis mellifera and A. cerana indica) were observed visiting flowers of Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) at two locations in Punjab, India. The presence of honey bees increased boll retention rates by 7-12% and improved cotton quality. Methods involved observing insect visitors, tracking individual bee foraging behavior, and comparing cotton yields from bee-pollinated, self-pollinated, and open-pollinated flowers. Results showed honey bees visited the most flowers per minute and their pollination led to higher seed cotton weights, boll retention rates, and fiber quality measures compared to no bee pollination.
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The experiment entitled micropropagation of Alstroemeria hybrida cv. Pluto was conducted to standardize protocol for aseptic establishment, callus induction, proliferation, and rooting from rhizome tips, rhizome sections, shoot tips, shoot nodal segments and inflorescence buds. Highest culture asepsis of 79.20 per cent at 2 weeks of culture and 68.08 per cent at 4 weeks of culture was recorded in rhizome tips following sterilization treatment with Carbendazim 200 ppm for 30 minutes + HgCl2 (0.1 %) dip for 10 minutes and final treatment with ethyl alcohol (70 %) for 1 minute. Rhizome tips and rhizome section explants survived sterilant treatment better than other explants. MS-liquid medium supplemented with BAP + IBA: 1.5 + 0.2 mg l-l proved best for culture establishment (89.42 %) in case of rhizome tips and (56.13 %) in case of rhizome sections. MS-solid medium with plant growth regulator combinations BAP + IBA: 1.0 + 0.2 mg l-1 fortified with activated charcoal resulted in an establishment of (78.25 %) in rhizome tips and (40.24 %) in case of rhizome sections. Callus induction was highest in MS-solid medium fortified with BAP + NAA: 0.5 + 4.5 mg l-l. Rhizome tips cultured on MS-medium BAP + IBA + GA3 + Activated charcoal: 2.0 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 1000 mg l-l gave highest proliferation (88.85 %) along with highest number of erect shoots (5.75) , number of new rhizome buds ( 3.75), rhizome fresh weight/shoot complex (6.05), and multiplication index (2.76). Highest Rooting (54.81 %) along with lowest days to appearance of root (10.87), highest number of roots (3.12) and highest root length (16.42 mm) was recorded in MS-liquid medium fortified with NAA 1.5 mg l-1. Abbreviations used— AC; Activated charcoal, BAP; 6-Benzyl amino purine, BA; 6-Benzyladenine, 2, 4-D; 2, 4dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid,GA3; Gibberelic acid, IAA; Indole-3-acetic acid, IBA; Indole-3-butyric acid, MS; Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium, NAA; Naphthalene acetic acid and µm; Micro molar.
Conventional and non conventional methods of crop improvement
This document discusses advances in crop biotechnology presented by Ekatpure Sachin Chandrakant. It summarizes that early farmers selected desirable traits over many years of planting and harvesting. Modern breeding uses genetics to develop improved varieties. While conventional breeding has limitations, new techniques like mutation breeding, hybrid seed technology, genetic engineering, tissue culture and marker-assisted selection are allowing for more rapid crop improvement. These newer methods can transfer genes between unrelated species, achieve results faster than conventional breeding, and help identify specific desirable genes.
Presentation on Single seed descent (SSD) method
Single seed descent (SSD) is a method of rapidly inbreeding plant populations by advancing generations through growing individual seeds from each plant in isolation. It separates the inbreeding and selection phases of plant breeding to speed up the process. With SSD, a single seed is harvested from each F2 plant and bulked, then the bulk is planted to produce the F3 generation. This continues for several generations until homozygosity is achieved, at which point lines can be tested. SSD allows for faster generation advancement than pedigree breeding methods while maintaining genetic diversity from the original cross. Some disadvantages are the inability to track superior early generation plants and reduced ability to select through progeny performance.
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Behavior of Bees Associated with the Wild Blueberry Agro-ecosystem in the USA
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Heterosis Breeding in Rice (Hybrid Rice)
Hybrid rice is the crop grown from F1 seeds of cross between two genetically dissimilar parents.Importance of Hybrid Rice
Reproductive Parameters of Diastocera trifasciata (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleopte...
This work is the first which describes the details of the stages of the development, reproductive parameters. It provides the durations of the different stages of development of this species
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This document discusses hybrid seed production in cotton. It begins by providing background on India's role in developing hybrid cotton varieties. It then discusses the types of hybrids produced, including conventional and male sterility-based hybrids. The document outlines important considerations for the agronomy of hybrid seed production, including site selection, isolation distances, fertilizer use, and sowing of parental lines. It then describes the key steps in the hybrid seed production process, including emasculation of the female parent, crossing of the parents, and picking of bolls. Maintaining proper isolation, trained personnel, and favorable growing conditions are emphasized for successful hybrid seed production.
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Kumarakom village tours
1) The document describes a village life experience tour program operated by women's groups in Kumarakom, Kerala, India. The tour aims to provide economic opportunities for local women and communities through tourism.
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0893 Conventional Rice vs SRI - Prospects
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How to start beekeeping
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The document studies the role of honey bees in pollinating Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) flowers in India. Observations found that honey bees significantly increased boll retention rates by 7-12% through pollination and improved cotton quality. Marked flowers that were pollinated by bees produced higher quality cotton in bagged bolls than unpollinated flowers, demonstrating the importance of honey bee pollination for Asiatic cotton quantity and quality.
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This study examined the effect of fruit picking stage on seed quality in tomato varieties resistant to leaf curl virus across different seasons. The results showed:
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Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean was one of the first major applications of genetic engineering in field crops and offered farmers a vital tool in fighting weeds. Weeds are a problem for soybean production in Cuba, so our work aim was the GTS 40-3-2 event introgression into Cuban varieties. Two local cultivars were crossed with transgenic genotypes that carry the event. From F1 to F3 generations, individual plants that produced more than 60 g of seeds per plant were chosen to obtain next generation. Individual lines were selected from F4 generation. F5 and F6 generations of five selected transgenic lines and their relatives were chosen to evaluate seven
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ABSTRACT- Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fiber crop in the world being used in the textile industry and over 90% of cotton grown in the world is upland cotton. An experimental design carried out for integration of earliness genes from sindose-80 to bulgare-557 during 2005 to 2016 in the Department of Botany, University of Pune-India and Agricultural Research Center of Tehran-Iran. The first cross carried out between sindose-80 and bulgare-557 in 2005 and after crossing five years selection was done among segregated population till to F5. In 2011 the second cross carried out as a back cross between the new variety and sindose-80. Five years selection was also done after second cross. In 2016, the new earliness genotype compared with the five native and commercial cotton varieties in RCBD design. The criterion for earliness was a new earliness index of combined picking and day (CPD), which has been presented as a new earliness index in this paper along with EFD and FFT indexes. Mean comparison of traits such as three earliness indexes, boll per plant, micronaire and yield showed priority of the new earliness genotype. Comparison of the three earliness indexes indicated priority of CPD index, which is combined by both time and weight to the two conventional indexes such as EFD and FFT which are showing time and weight affects in the earliness respectively.
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Genetic devlopment to imrove genotypes with high quality is the most important approach of rice. Thus, anther culture technique is one of straight forward approaches for improvement of rice cultivars with good grain quality. Therefore, this investigation aimed to develop some doubled haploid lines (DH) through anther culture technique and evaluate them along with their five parents including two check varieties for some nutritional characteristics. The results indicated that the three mineral element contents (Zn, Mn and Fe) of rice grain were clearly different among genotypes (DH), which implied that genotypic variations might provide opportunities to select for higher mineral element content. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among genotypes were significant for all studied traits. Highly significant positive correlations were recognized among the studied characteristics. Accordingly, Rice lines with the high nutritional values will use as donors for this trait in rice breeding programs for exploitation and in hybridization.
Evaluation of some maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes for resistance to stem borer...
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A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate allelopathic potential of water extract of rice-stubble leachate on certain oil-yielding crops mustard, sesamum and sunflower . A wide range of rice-stubble concentration i.e. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 were prepared and used for testing of seedling growth parameters Length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root of oil-yielding test crop seedlings. The experimental results found that the different seedling growth parameters were reduced with increased concentration of rice-stubble leachate in compared to control set. Root growth was more sensitive than shoot growth with increase of leachate concentration of rice-stubble. This experimental results show the existence of several bioactive compounds i.e. allelochemicals in rice-stubble. These bioactive compounds might serve as a source of natural herbicides. S. P. Adhikary "Efficacy of rice-stubble allelochemicals on vegetative growth parameters of some oil-yielding crops" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20251.pdf
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Pakistan Journal of Science
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Communicated by Grzegorz Żurek Volume 73 2016 P L A N T .docx
Communicated by Grzegorz Żurek
Volume 73 2016
P L A N T B R E E D I N G A N D S E E D S C I E N C E
Fardin Khazaei
1
, Majid AghaAlikhani
1
, Samad Mobasser
2
, Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
1
,
Hesam Asharin
2
, Hossein Sadeghi
2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;
2
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
EVALUATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM, L.) SEED QUALITY
OF CERTIFIED SEED AND FARM- SAVED SEED
IN THREE PROVINCES OF IRAN
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to study the seed quality aspects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the
extent of weed seed contamination present in wheat seeds produced in different regions of Iran. Four districts
(cities), each including 12 fields (six certified seed fields and six farm-saved seed fields), were selected in
each regions (provinces). One kilogram of the wheat seed sample was collected from each field for analysis in
the laboratory. Wheat seeding was commonly done by farm-saved seed sourced from within the farm due to
the high costs of certified seeds purchased from outside sources, followed by the low seed quality. The use of
a farm-saved seed resulted in a higher germination rate and a lower mean time to germination compared with
another system. The more positive temperatures experienced by mother plants could decrease the number of
normal seedling and seedling length vigor index. Generally there was virtually no difference about physiologi-
cal quality between certified seed and farm- saved seed sector that is related to lower quality of certified seed.
The certified produced seeds had the lower number of weed seed, species and genus before and after cleaning.
The highest seed purity and 1000 seed weight was obtained from the certified seed production system. The
need for cleaning the farm-saved seed samples before sowing is one of the important findings of this survey.
Keywords: germination indices; seed production system; vigor; weed seed dispersal; winnowing
INTRODUCTION
Importance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as an agricultural crop is punctuated
by the fact that it ranks second after maize in the world cereal output and it is a staple
food for billions of people of the world. It is also the most important winter cereal
DOI: 10.1515/plass-2016-0009
100 Fardin Khazaei et al..
grown in Iran (Zand et al. 2007). A little more than 9 million ha of arable land in Iran
are planted with cereals, of which wheat occupies 6.6 million ha. To grow this plant,
80-85% of the national seed requirements of the country are derived from farm-saved
seeds, so a substantial investment has been made in agricultural research to evaluate
the wheat farm-saved seed performance (Mobasser et al. 2012).
More than 80% of the crops in developing countries are planted from seed stocks
.
Communicated by Grzegorz Żurek Volume 73 2016 P L A N T .docx
This document evaluates the seed quality of certified wheat seed and farm-saved wheat seed in three provinces of Iran. Seed samples were collected from certified and farm-saved fields in four districts within each province. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory for various quality attributes including germination rates, weed seed contamination, and physiological measures. The results found that farm-saved seed generally had similar quality to certified seed, with some differences observed between regions. Certified seed had lower weed seed contamination both before and after cleaning compared to farm-saved seed.
Selection Criteria for Yield Improvement in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
This study evaluated 19 advanced rapeseed lines and one variety for various agronomic traits including yield and yield components. Phenotypic and genotypic variability was highest for seeds per plant and pods per branch. Grain yield per plant was positively correlated with grain yield per unit area and oil yield, indicating it could be used for selection. Grain yield per plant was also positively correlated with pods per plant, pods per branch, biomass, branch angle, and flowering duration. Linear regression showed biomass, seeds per pod, first branch height, number of branches, and pods per branch affected grain yield per plant. Path analysis found branch angle, seeds per middle pods, and grain yield per plant directly affected grain yield per unit area.
assessment of drumstick tree (m. deifera) accessions
An experiment was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity among 9 drumstick tree (Moringaoleifera) accessions in the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were recorded on growth and yield characteristics before and after pruning. The result obtained showed that at 18 weeks after transplanting, accession UAM-NI had the tallest plants (3.63m) while UAM-BE had the shortest mean plant height (2.84m) under no pruning. Other parameters that showed significant differences were number of leaves per tree and stem diameter. Although accession UAM-OY recorded highest fresh (220.22g), dry (113.42g) and leaf powder (82.60g) weights, it was not significantly different from other accessions. However, at 18 weeks after pruning, there was a significant difference among the accessions with regard to leaf length. Although accession UAM-NA recorded highest fresh leaf weight (286.60g), dry leaf weight (90.67g) and leaf powder weight (85.60g), it was not statistically different from other accessions. For the pruned accessions, significant differences were recorded in leaf length, number of flowers/tree, days to podding and fifty percent podding, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/tree and 100seed weight. The result also indicated that the pruned accessions recorded higher leaf yield than the unpruned. The result of the cluster analysis grouped the accessions into two clusters and an outlier both for the pruned and unpruned accessions irrespective of area of collection.
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The study evaluated the effect of planting seasons and tomato varieties on seed yield and quality. It found that the rabi season produced significantly higher growth, fruit yield, and seed yield compared to kharif and summer seasons. The variety Vybav had the highest fruit yield across seasons but the lowest seed-fruit ratio, while Nandi yielded the highest seed per hectare during rabi season. All varieties showed no leaf curl infection in all seasons except Arka Vikas, which was 100% infected in summer. The results indicate that rabi season is best for seed production of the new leaf curl resistant tomato varieties Nandi, Sankranthi, and Vybav in Bangalore conditions.
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Eng333 Pwptpresent
- 1. Assessing the Role of Honey Bees in a Field of Asiatic Cotton ( Gossypium arboreum L. ) by A. S. Tanda, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Luhiana-141004 INDIA
- 3. INTRODUCTION to: Assessing the Role of Honey Bees in a Field of Asiatic Cotton
- 7. REPORT TO FOLLOW
- 13. RESULTS: These findings are the results of: (1) Number of bee visits per flower (2) Pollination efficiency of bees (3) Number of flower visits (4) Effect on quantity & quality of Asiatic cotton * See TABLE 1 Below
- 14. TABLE 1 4.6 flowers p/m 86.60 A. mellifera L 5.5 flowers p/m 94.35 A. dorsata F. 5.7 flowers p/m 124.10 per trip ¾ A. c. indica F. Time Visited Per Minute Max. # of Flowers Visited Per Trip Bee Species
- 16. GRAPH 1
- 18. Effects of bee pollination on boll retention and qualitative characteristics of Asiatic cotton (G. arboreum), 4.0 3.6 4.2 4.3g% seed index 33.7 33.2 34.2 34.3% ginning turn-out (%lint) 17.1 17.0 18.1 18.1mm halo length 15.8 15.5 16.2 16.3mm a mean fiber length 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8g seed cotton weight per boll 50 30 57 62% boll-retention rate Open Pollinated Self pollination A. c. indica , Apis mellifera FLOWERS :
- 19. General Notes The C.D. (critical difference) at 5%, —, 0.07, 0.53, 1.09, 0.79, 0.29, respectively. In all the tests, the quality of cotton produced in bagged bolls pollinated by bees was significantly superior to that of cotton produced in bag without bees. However, the difference obtained with A. mellifera and A. c. indica bees was not significant. Similar results have been obtained by McGregor (1976) and Tanda and Goyal (1979b) in cage in which bees were confined.
- 20. Works Cited Free, J.B., (1976). Insect Pollination of Crops , Academic Press: London. 544 pp. Goyal, N.P. and A.S. Tanda. (1978) Effect of Bee Pollination on Boll Retention in Gossypium Arboreum Linn . Seed Farms . Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp 45-46. Goyal, N.P. and A.S. Tanda. (1979) Insect pollination in Asiatic Cotton . Journal of Agricultural Research , Vol. 18 Issue 3. pp 64-72. Goyal, N.P. and A.S. Tanda. (1979) Pollen Dispersal by Insects in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum Linn.) Seeds Farms , Vol. 5. Issues 5-8. pp 56-59. Goyal, N.P. and A.S. Tanda. (1979) Preliminary Observations on the Effect of Intervarietal Bee Pollination of Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum Linn.) Indian Journal Entomology , Vol. 41, Issue 3. pp 281-282. Goyal, N.P. and A.S. Tanda. (1979) S ome Observations on the Behavior of Apis mellifera Linn. and Apis cerana indica Workers in a Field of Desi Cotton ( Gossypium arboreum Linn.) American Bee Journal , Vol. 119. Issue 2. pp 106. McGregor, S. E., (1976) Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crops . U.S. Govt. Printing Office :Wasghington, D.C. 400 pp. Tanda, A.S. (1976) Studies on the Role of Insect Pollination in Desi Cotrton (Gossypium arboreum L.) Punjab Agricultural Univ: Ludhiana. 73 pp.