1) Wuhan is a major Chinese city of over 10 million people that aims to be among the top 40 economic hubs globally by 2020. 2) It has undertaken projects to improve energy efficiency in public buildings, with the goal of reducing energy consumption and costs for the municipal government. 3) Wuhan is also focusing on building energy efficiency standards and renovating existing buildings to reduce its carbon footprint in line with China's national targets.

1. COP 21 - Autopia
Energy transition in mega-cities - the case of
Wuhan
Focus on building renovation and new buildings
energy efficiency
08/12/15 1COP 21 - Autopia

2. World urban population
08/12/15 2COP 21 - Autopia
Urbanization is global. It is led by China, India and Nigeria
The urban global tipping point (50% of total population) was reached in 2007…
Year Urban population
Proportion
(million)
1900 220 13%
1950 746 29%
2014 3,900 54%
2030 4,900 60%
Source: United Nations – world urbanization prospects 2014

3. China urbanization rate
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Year Urban population
Proportion
(million)
1900 52 13%
1950 73 13%
2014 735 54%
2030 980 70%
…China jumps from 73 to 980 million urban population over a period of 80 years
Source: China statistics yearbook 2014 – 1900, 1950 and forecast 2030: ICARE assessment

4. China 60 largest cities
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The 60 largest cities account for 83% of China total GDP…
Source: JLL [Cities Research Center] ; China60 : From Fast Growth to Smart Growth 2015

5. Focus on top 8 China leading megacities
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..with 8 eight of the tier 1 and 1.5 cities playing a leadership role in regional development
Cities
Population
(People)
Urban Core
Population
(People)
Consumption of
Electricity (TWh)
GDP/Capita
(USD)
1. Beijing 20.693.000 12.277.000 87,43 16.150
2. Shanghai 23.804.000 16.817.000 135,34 15.880
3. Shenzhen 10.547.000 10.417.000 72,21 24.084
4. Guangzhou 12.839.000 5.065.000 69,41 18.123
5. Wuhan 10.120.000 6.287.000 40,33 15.764
6. Chongqing 29.450.000 7.984.000 72,3 7.852
7. Chengdu 11.733.000 3.445.000 41,18 11.653
8. Tianjin 9.932.000 3.889.000 76,71 17.385
9. Total Top 8 129.118.000 66.181.000 594,91
15.861
(average)
10. Total China 1.360.000.000 720.000.000 5.342,34 7.594
Source: CSYD (China Statistical Yearbook Database); Cities Statistical Yearbooks ; 2013

6. Wuhan Districts Density
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Wuhan will be among the world’s top 40 economic hubs by 2020 (JLL World Winning Cities
research)
It received from the China State Council a pilot role in low carbon emissions in 2007
Huangpi
911.000 People
404 People/Sq.km
Dongxihu
508.200 People
1026 People/Sq.km
Caidan
676.000 People
618 People/Sq.km
Hannan
129.000 People
449 People/Sq.km
Jiangxia
846.500 People
419 People/Sq.km
Xinzhou
860.000 People
588 People/Sq.km
1
23
4
5
6
7
Land Area
(Sq.km)
Population
(People)
Density
(People/Sq.km)
TOTAL 8569,15 10.338.000 1206
1. Jiang'an 80,28 937.000 11.672
2. Jianghan 28,29 719.000 25.415
3. Qiaokou 40,06 856.300 21.375
4. Hanyang 111,54 624.000 5594
5. Wuchang 64,58 1.255.100 19.435
6. Qinshang 57,12 517.000 9051
7. Hongshan 573,28 1.498.900 2615
Source: CSYD ; Wuhan Statistical Yearbook ; 2015

7. Wuhan Comprehensive Planning [2010–2020]
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Comprehensive development: well defined urban perimeter, polycentric, specialized
economic zones, fast growing rail and road transit systems, preserved lands
 Distribution of population,
built-up area and green
zones planning.
 3 Highway Rings
surrounding the Urban
Center - Connection and
interaction in terms of
transportation and ICT.
 Functional and strategic
specialization of several
economic and industrial
centers.
Economic Development Zones
 Wangjiadun CBD :
 Wujiashan :
 Zhuankou :
 Optics Valley :
 Yangluo :
 Airport Area :
Source: Urbanism Committee of Wuhan ; Official Comprehensive Plan 2009

8. Wuhan Metro System and Planning
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Source: Urbanism Committee of Wuhan ; Official Metro Plan ; 2009

9. Wuhan Railway System
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1.
Huanggang
2.
Ezhou 3.
Huangshi
4.
Xianning
5.
Xiantao
6.
Qianjiang
7.
Tianmen
8.
Xiaogan
CHONGQIN
G
CHENGDU
GUANGZHOU
SHENZHEN
SHANGHAI
NANJING
BEIJING
TIANJIN
1+8 concept: Wuhan conurbation of 30 million people connected by an intercity rail
network (200km/h). Connection to other China mega-cities by fast speed train (330
km/h)

10. Electricity consumption 2008-2013
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Fast growth of tertiary and residential compared to manufacturing…
CSYD ; Wuhan Statistical Yearbook ; 2009-2014

11. Building efficiency standards
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…leading to a specific focus on residential and public building efficiency as it
accounts already for 31% of China total energy use
Residential buildings
Energy efficiency - Specific
standards for severe cold
winter and cold zones
(North and West China)
JGJ 26-86
30% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
JGJ 26-95
50% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
JGJ 26-2010 (severe cold
and cold zones)
65% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
Energy efficiency -
Specific standards for
cold winter hot summer
zones (Yangtse
reaches areas)
JGJ 134-2001
50% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
JGJ 134-2010
65% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
Public buildings
Energy efficiency GB 50189-2005
50% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
Energy efficiency GB 50189-2014
65% energy consumption
reduction compared to
1980
Other applicable standards
HVAC GB 50189-2003 -
LIGHTING GB 50034-2004 -
Codes for building
ACCEPTANCE
GB 50411-2007 -
Energy efficiency TEST
CONDITIONS of residential
buildings
JGJ/T 132-2009 -
Ground Source HEAT
PUMPS
GB 50366-2005 -
SOLAR Heating GB 50495-2009 -
China Green Building action
plan January 2013 (NDRC +
MOHURD)
Compliance rate to standards were
low in 2005 but reached 99% at
design and 95.4% at construction in
2010, leading to 81.2 Mtoe
energy saving for the period
2011-2015

12. The public buildings renovation project (1/2)
 Project:
Thermal retrofit of 25 of the most significant public buildings of Wuhan such as
administrations, hospitals, universities and schools
 Funding: Agence Française de Développement (AFD) sovereign loan of 20 M€
 Targets
 - Energy consumption decrease and reduction of cost for the municipal government:
13,7 MWh per year. The Energy Performance Contract (EPC) already performed by
TERAO on 3 buildings indicates even higher performance (on the 25 buildings,
savings could exceed 20 MWh).
 - Lower carbon footprint development: demonstrates short pay-backs thus
stimulating the urban buildings renovation market
- Promote and set up standards for Energy Performance Contracts
 Vision
Full fledge development: the potential saving is ～ 1,8 m Teq Co2/an for the 75
millions m2 of public buildings : for CO2 reduction of ～ 15 000 teq CO2/year at the
project scale,
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13. The public buildings renovation project (2/2)
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Public Security Office Building Municipal Education
Office
Municipal Construction
Management Office
Build.
Vocational School Chinese Medical
Hospital
Software School
Medical Treatment
Center
N.3 Municipal Hospital
Real Estate Trading
Bureau
COP 21 - Autopia

14. 14
*
China-EU Institute for Clean And Renewable Energy
(A European Cooperation Platform in China)
 Energy Efficiency
 Solar
 Wind Energy
 Biomass
 Geothermal Energy
ICARE position in Wuhan ecosystem

15. Conclusion (1/2)
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• China has issued a set of policies in 2009 regarding building energy efficiency to
accommodate the national goal of a 40-45% reduction in carbon intensity by 2020 relative
to 2005 levels. This creates local governments focus on building energy efficiency, but
also create a huge market for companies working on building energy efficiency.
• Building energy codes have significantly increased the demand for energy efficient building
products and materials in the past decade, and in the following years, it is still going to be
the most important driver of the market for building energy efficiency.
• The Chinese securities companies estimated that stringent building energy codes and
robust compliance may attract investment of 100-150 billion yuan in building energy
efficiency for China in 2015 in EPC, led lighting, HVAC, new materials and automation.

16. Conclusion (2/2)
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• With its strategic location on the middle reaches of the Yangtse river and in central
China, Wuhan implements thoroughly its urban planning for the period 1996-2020,
using best practices and modeling tools
• Beyond strategic spatial development plans, new technologies such as the Big Data
and urban region geo-economics simulation both assist the planning process
• Building energy efficiency is a key focus to reduce the city CO2 footprint. The next area
of interest within Wuhan city perimeter will be the assessment of electricity and steam
generation and their improvement.