Energy saving bulbs produce light through fluorescence generated by electricity passing through a tube containing mercury vapor, allowing them to use 80% less energy than traditional incandescent bulbs which produce mostly heat. While energy saving bulbs have a higher upfront cost, the savings from their much lower electricity consumption offsets this within the first year of use. They work by producing the same amount of light as higher wattage incandescent bulbs but consuming only a fraction of the power.