Energy flow in ecosystems
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- Sunlight provides energy for most life on Earth through the process of photosynthesis, where plants, algae, and some bacteria use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce sugar and oxygen. - Producers are organisms that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Consumers eat other organisms for energy and include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Decomposers and detritivores break down dead organic matter. - Cellular respiration is the process where cells use sugar and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Energy transfers between organisms as they eat each other in food chains and food webs.
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Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
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Ecology1_ppt (1).pptx
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. There are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that influence ecosystems. Producers, like plants, use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce food from sunlight or chemical energy. Consumers rely on producers or other organisms for food and include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Ecological pyramids show that the amount of available energy and biomass decreases at higher trophic levels due to only about 10% of energy transferring between levels. Organisms also interact through competition for resources, predation, and
Ecology1_ppt.pptx
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. There are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that influence ecosystems. Producers, like plants, use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce food from sunlight or chemical energy. Consumers rely on producers or other organisms for food and include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Ecological pyramids show that the amount of available energy and biomass decreases at higher trophic levels due to only 10% of energy transferring between levels. Organisms also interact through competition for resources, ecological niches, pred
Ecology1_ppt.pptx
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. There are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that influence ecosystems. Producers, like plants, use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce food from sunlight or chemical energy. Consumers rely on producers or other organisms for food and include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Ecological pyramids show that the amount of available energy and biomass decreases at higher trophic levels due to only about 10% of energy transferring between levels. Organisms also interact through competition for resources, ecological niches,
Ecology1_ppt.pptx
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. There are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that influence ecosystems. Producers, like plants, use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis to produce food from sunlight or chemical energy. Consumers rely on producers or other organisms for food and include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels in a food chain or food web. Ecological pyramids show that the amount of available energy and biomass decreases at higher trophic levels due to only about 10% of energy transferring between levels. Organisms also interact through competition for resources, predation, and
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including levels of organization, energy flow through ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycles. It discusses the following:
1) The levels of ecological organization from lowest to highest are individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere.
2) Energy enters ecosystems mainly through photosynthesis by producers like plants and algae. It is then transferred as heterotroph consumers eat producers or other consumers.
3) Matter cycles through ecosystems in biogeochemical cycles like the water, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. These cycles describe how chemical elements move through and between living and nonliving components of ecosystems.
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Domesticated animals have been bred and managed by humans for over 50 species including sheep, cattle, chickens, honey bees, silkworms, shellfish, and pigs. Aquaculture, or fish farming, now provides 23% of the world's seafood as many fish populations are suffering from overharvesting. Methods of aquaculture include oyster farms, fish farms, and ranching but can cause pollution from waste and damage wetlands. Livestock are raised on farms and ranches for meat, leather, eggs, wool, manure, and labor and include ruminants like cattle and sheep as well as poultry like chickens and turkeys, many of which are raised in crowded and inhum
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Pests include any organisms that damage crops economically, destroying about 33% of the world's potential food harvest. While pesticides kill pests, they can accumulate in the environment and harm other species. Alternatives include integrated pest management using biological controls first before chemicals as a last resort. Genetic engineering transfers pest-resistant genes from one organism to crops, benefiting yields but raising safety and ethical concerns if genes from animals enter plants eaten by humans or weeds. Sustainable agriculture minimizes chemical use to conserve resources indefinitely.
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
This document discusses soil and agriculture. It describes traditional farming methods which relied on animal plowing and organic fertilizers versus modern methods using large machinery, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides. It also explains the layers of soil and composition, including organic material, minerals, air, and water. Further, it discusses threats like erosion, desertification, and salinization as well as conservation practices like terracing and crop rotation that help maintain healthy soil.
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
Widespread starvation is caused by a shortage of food, which can result from drought, loss of fertile soil, or war that disrupts the ability to access or transport crops. As populations grow, famine may become more common globally. Most malnutrition today stems from poverty, as poor subsistence farmers in developing countries often do not have enough land or resources to consistently grow a variety of nutritious foods. The Green Revolution led to higher-yielding crop varieties but also benefited large farms more than small subsistence farmers who could not afford the required fertilizers and pesticides. Scientists are now working to develop hardier, more nutrient-dense crop varieties that can grow in difficult conditions to help address ongoing malnutrition issues.
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
This document discusses different types of land used for resources and their management. It describes farmland, rangeland, and forest land, and the threats of urban development, overgrazing, and deforestation. It also discusses national parks, wilderness areas, and the benefits of conservation efforts like farmland protection programs and reforestation to preserve ecosystems, wildlife habitats, and resources for the future.
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
Urban areas that grow quickly can experience an urban crisis where infrastructure cannot keep up with population growth, leading to issues like traffic jams and overcrowded schools. In contrast, urban areas that grow slowly plan infrastructure in advance to support new residents. Open spaces within cities provide environmental benefits like reducing flooding and moderating temperatures by absorbing rainfall and reducing the urban heat island effect. Land use planning aims to determine how land will be used to address issues of urban growth, and tools like geographic information systems allow planners to analyze layers of geographic data to make informed decisions about future development.
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This document discusses nuclear energy, how it works through fission reactions in uranium atoms, and the components of a nuclear reactor. Nuclear energy produces electricity through a controlled chain reaction that heats water to create steam. It has advantages of being energy dense but also has disadvantages like high costs, producing long-lasting radioactive waste, and safety risks if the reaction gets out of control. There is debate around safely storing nuclear waste long-term. The Chernobyl disaster showed the potential human and environmental impacts of an uncontrolled reaction. Researchers are also working on nuclear fusion as a potential future energy source.
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This document discusses nonrenewable energy resources and fossil fuels. It defines nonrenewable resources as natural resources that cannot be reproduced and will eventually run out. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are types of nonrenewable resources that were formed from the remains of ancient organisms. The document outlines the formation processes of each fossil fuel and their main uses. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each fossil fuel, including environmental impacts, and methods to reduce pollution from their use such as scrubbers on coal plants and catalytic converters on cars.
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
1. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface, causing the greenhouse effect that makes the planet habitable.
2. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
3. As greenhouse gas concentrations increase, computer models predict that the global temperature will continue to rise due to the greenhouse effect.
4. Potential consequences of a warming climate include changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, impacts on human health, agriculture, and plants and animals.
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
The document discusses the ozone layer and how chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs) deplete it. CFCs were widely used as refrigerants and propellants until it was discovered in the 1970s that they rise to the stratosphere where ultraviolet light breaks them down, releasing chlorine which destroys ozone molecules. One chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules. Each spring, very cold winds above Antarctica convert CFCs to chlorine gas which rapidly destroys ozone as sunlight returns, creating the ozone hole. Thinning ozone increases UV radiation levels, which can damage DNA and increase health issues and susceptibility to skin cancer in humans as well as disrupting marine and land
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
Acid precipitation forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel combustion react with water vapor to form acids. This acidic precipitation damages plants by leaching nutrients from soil and releasing aluminum, harms aquatic life by making waters too acidic for fish and frogs, and affects humans through respiratory irritation, loss of commercial fishing, and building corrosion. Countries have signed agreements to reduce emissions that cross borders and cause acid precipitation in downwind nations.
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
People who are most affected by air pollution include the very young, very old, and those with heart or lung problems. Short term effects of air pollution include headaches, nausea, and respiratory infections, while long term effects include lung cancer, heart disease, and emphysema. Indoor air pollution from sources like tobacco smoke, radon, and mold can sometimes be worse than outdoor sources due to higher concentrations and longer exposure times. Noise pollution above 85 dB can cause hearing loss, while light pollution wastes energy and prevents viewing the night sky; both can be addressed through regulations and focused lighting.
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
This document discusses the causes and sources of air pollution. It defines air pollution as harmful substances that build up in the air to unhealthy levels, mainly from human activities like vehicle emissions, coal burning, and industrial pollution. The five main air pollutants are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. Two major sources of air pollution are motor vehicle emissions and industrial air pollution from power plants and factories. Smog forms when vehicle exhaust reacts with air and sunlight to produce ground-level ozone. A temperature inversion occurs when a warm air layer traps cooler air below it, preventing pollutants from dissipating.
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Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
The water cycle recycles the Earth's water supply, with water evaporating from oceans, lakes and vegetation before condensing into clouds and falling as precipitation. Most of the Earth's water is saltwater, while just over 1% is fresh surface and groundwater. Groundwater is stored in aquifers underground, where it is recharged through infiltration and flows through porous rock, being pumped up by wells. However, overuse and pollution threaten this important freshwater resource.
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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