The document discusses energy transformations, focusing on how various forms of energy can be converted into others and the importance of energy conservation through actions like recycling and using renewable energy sources. It highlights the benefits of recycling, such as significant energy savings, and details solar water heating's potential to reduce energy use, especially in homes. Additionally, it emphasizes the overall advantages of energy conservation in reducing environmental impacts and the limited funding for energy conservation research, advocating for increased public awareness and political action.

1. KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA
PHYSICS PROJECT WORK
NAME – UTSAV AMETA
CLASS – 10TH
ROLL NO. - 10336

2. Energy Transformations
and Conservation

3. Most forms of
energy can be
transformed into
other forms
• A change from one form of energy to
another is called an energy
transformation.
• Some energy changes involve single
transformations, while others involve
many transformations.

4. Recycling is an excellent way of saving energy
and conserving the environment.
Did you know that:
 1 recycled tin can would save enough energy to
power a television for 3 hours.
 1 recycled glass bottle would save enough energy
to power a computer for 25 minutes.
 1 recycled plastic bottle would save enough energy
to power a 60-watt light bulb for 3 hours.
 70% less energy is required to recycle paper
compared with making it from raw materials.

5. You can directly contribute by
1. By switching of lights when not required.
2. By using cloth/jute bags instead of plastic
bags.
3. Using both side of paper.
4. Using refills instead of buying a new pen.
5. Buying materials in bulk/without packing
6. By growing plants.
7. By being vegetarian also you save energy
8. By encouraging foods made of jowar, bajra,
instead of rice.
9. By not wasting food.

6. Single Transformations
• Sometimes, one form of energy needs to be
transformed into another to get work done.
• For example, a toaster transforms electrical
energy to thermal energy to toast your bread.
• A cell phone transforms electrical energy to
electromagnetic energy that travels to other
phones.

7. Solar Water Heating
• Water heating uses 14-25% of energy use
• Solar water heating replaces the need for 2/3 of conventional water
heating.
• Virtually all homes in Greece and Israel (700,000) use solar water
heating. Japan has over 4 million units.
• The US over a million, with most systems in Florida and California,
and Hawaii has 80,000.
• Each saves 1.5 to 2.5 tons of CO2 a year.
• Typical cost is $3,000 for 50 square feet.
• DOE is trying to lower this to $1,000 to $1500.
• Energy saved would be about 3,000 kWh per year per household
• DOE would like to have 3 million new units by 2030.
• Current payback is 10-13 years (solar lobby says 4-8 years),
whereas for 50% market penetration, 5-6 years is needed.

8. Additional Advantages of Energy
Conservation
• Less need to secure oil and natural gas
overseas with attendant military and civilian
casualties while costing hundreds of billions of
dollars
• Fewer power plants and liquid natural gas
ports are needed
• Less air pollution
• Less drilling for oil in Alaska and near national
parks
• Less global warming and attendant
environmental destruction

9. Conclusions on Energy
Conservation
• Energy conservation has saved the need for many power
plants and fuel imports.
• It has also avoided CO2 and environmental pollution.
• Energy conservation research is only funded at $306
million this year at DOE, which is low considering the
massive amounts of energy production that are being
saved by conservation.
• Regulations on efficiency work, but voluntary efforts
lag far behind.
• Much has been done, but much more can be done
• In this new era of global warming and high energy costs
and energy shortages, the public must be informed and
politicians sought who are sensitive to these issues.

10. • The fact that friction transforms mechanical
energy to thermal energy should not surprise you.
• The fact that friction transforms mechanical
energy to thermal energy explains why no machine
is 100 percent efficient.
• You may recall that the output work of any real
machine is always less than the input work.
• This reduced efficiency occurs because some
mechanical energy is always transformed into
thermal energy due to friction.