Energy conservation involves reducing energy consumption through increased efficiency or reduced usage. It can be achieved by using energy more efficiently or reducing energy services. Energy conservation provides benefits like environmental protection, national security, personal finances, and cost savings. It is at the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy and prevents future resource depletion by lowering energy costs. Some countries employ energy or carbon taxes to motivate lower consumption and shift usage to alternative energy sources with different environmental impacts. California employs a tiered energy tax where the tax increases drastically for usage above a baseline allowance, aiming to protect lower-income households while taxing high energy consumers more.

1. SAVING ENERGY
Moldoveanu Bianca Maria MIEADR IEA
GROUP 8202
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

2. Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce
the consumption of energy by using less of an energy service.
This can be achieved either by using energy more
efficiently (using less energy for a constant service) or by
reducing the amount of service used (for example, by driving
less). Energy conservation is a part of the concept of eco-
sufficiency. Energy conservation reduces the need for energy
services and can result in
increased environmental quality, national security, personal
financial security and higher savings.[It is at the top of the
sustainable energy hierarchy. It also lowers energy costs by
preventing future resource depletion.

3. Energy can only be transformed from one form to other,
such as heat energy to motive power in cars, or kinetic energy of
water flow to electricity in hydroelectric power plants. However
machines are required to transform energy from one form to
other. The wear and friction of the components of these machine
while running cause loss of quadrillions of BTU and $500
billions in industries only in USA. It is possible to minimize these
losses by adopting green engineering practices to improve life
cycle of the components.(Ref.R.Chattopadhyay:Green Tribology,
Green Surface Engineering and Global Warming', ASM
International,USA, 2014. Also 3 books by same author published
earlier on wear, surface engineering and global warming.)

4. Some countries employ energy or carbon taxes to
motivate energy users to reduce their consumption. Carbon taxes
can force consumption to shift to nuclear power and other energy
sources that carry different sets of environmental side effects and
limitations. On the other hand, taxes on all energy consumption
can reduce energy use across the board while reducing a broader
array of environmental consequences arising from energy
production. The state of California employs a tiered energy tax
whereby every consumer receives a baseline energy allowance
that carries a low tax. As usage increases above that baseline, the
tax increases drastically. Such programs aim to protect poorer
households while creating a larger tax burden for high energy
consumers.[

5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conserva
tion