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1. ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
DR.S.R.SITA

2. INTRODUCTION
• MAINTAINS THE HOMEOSTASIS OF THE BODY
• COMPONENTS:
 GLANDS:PITUITARY,THYROID,PARATHYROID
 ENDOCRINE CELLS WITHIN EXOCRINE GLANDS-ISLETS OF LANGERHANS,INTERSTITIAL
CELLS OF TESTIS,CORPUS LUTEUM OF OVARY
DIFFUSE NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS-DUODENUM

3. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
• DUCTLESS GLANDS
• POUR THEIR SECRETION DIRECTLY INTO THE BLOODSTREAM-HORMONES OR
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS
CAUSE ACTIVATION OR INHIBITION OF TARGET TISSUES

4. CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES
PROTEINS
• TSH
• GH
• PTH
STEROIDS
• TESTOSTERO
NE
• PROGESTRO
NE
SMALL
PEPTIDES
• VASOPRESSIN
• THYROID
RELEASING
HORMONES
AMINO ACID
DERIVATIVES
• THYROXINE
• ADRENALIN
E
• NOR
ADRENALIN
E

6. PITUITARY GLAND(HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI)
• TINY,PEA SIZED GLAND
• COMPLEX GLAND/MASTER GLAND
• BONY FOSSA-PITUITARY FOSSA IN
THE SKULL

8. PARS DISTALIS

9. PARS INTERMEDIA-MELANOCYTE
STIMULATING HORMONE

10. APPLIED ASPECT

11. GIGANTISM

12. ACROMEGALY

13. DWARFISM

14. NEUROHYPOPHYSIS(POSTERIOR PITUITARY)

15. APPLIED ASPECT
POST PARTUM
HEMORRHAGE

17. BLOOD SUPPLLY
HYPOTHALAMO
HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL
CIRCULATION

18. THYROIDGLAND

19. INTRODUCTION
• LARGEST ENDOCRINE GLAND
• H SHAPED GLAND
• TRUE AND FALSE CAPSULE
• LATERAL LOBE RELATIONS
MEDIAL SURFACE
2 TUBES
2 NERVES-RLN,ELN
POSTERIOR
SURFACE
CAROTID SHEATH
• CCA
• IJV
• VAGUS NERVE

20. STRUCTURE

21. HORMONES SECTRETED
T3,T4-
MAINTAINS BMR
AND GROWTH
AND
MATURATION OF
ORGANS
CALCITONIN-
LOWERS THE
BLOOD CALCIUM
LEVEL

22. GRAVE’S
DISEASE/THYROTOXICOSIS
• HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE
• WEIGHT LOSS
• HIGH BP
• EXOPHTHALMOS
• ENLARGED THYROID GLAND

23. MYXOEDEMA
• LOW BODY TEMPERATURE
• WEIGHT GAIN
• REDUCED BP
• APATHY
CRETIN
• EARLY DEVELOPMENT
• MENTAL RETARDATION
• MATERNAL IODINE DEFICIENCY

24. GOITRE

26. PARATHYROID GLANDS
• 2 SUPERIOR AND 2 INFERIOR
• POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LATERAL
LOBE OF THYROID

27. HORMONES-PARATHYROID HORMONE(PTH)
• MUSCLE
CONTRACTION
• BLOOD
CLOTTING
• NERVE
IMPULSE
TRANSMISSION

28. BLOOD SUPPLY

29. APPLIED ASPECTS
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
• ATROPHY/SURGICAL REMOVAL
• HYPOCALCEMIA-
HYPEREXCITABILITY,MUSCLE
SPASM,INWARD BENDING OF HANDS
AND FEET
• TETANY

30. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
• PARATHYROID ADENOMA
• OSTEOPOROSIS
• PATHALOGICAL FRACTURE
• RENAL STONES
• MUSCLE WEAKNESS
• SOFT TISSUE CALCIFICATION

31. SUPRARENAL GLANDS

32. STRUCTURE
• CORTEX
• MEDULLA

36. PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
NEUROBLASTOMA
TUMOURS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA

37. PINEAL GLAND
• ROOF OF DIENCEPHALON
• BELOW THE CORPUS CALLOSUM

39. HORMONES
SERATONIN
VASODILATION
MELATONIN
SLEEP CYCLE
DELAYS PUBERTY

40. APPLIED ASPECT-PINEAL CALCIFICATION
BLOOD SUPPLY-POSTERIOR CHOROIDAL
ARTERY

42. HORMONE-THYMOSIN
BLOOD SUPPLY-
INTERNAL THORACIC
ARTERY

43. ENDOCRINE CELLS

44. ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
• SCATTERED AMONG EXOCRINE
GLANDS OF PANCREAS
• ALPHA CELLS-GLUCAGON
• BETA CELLS-INSULIN

46. GONADS

47. TESTIS
• 2 IN NUMBER
• LOCATED IN SCROTUM
• LEYDIG CELLS-PRODUCE
TESTOSTERONE
• SERTOLI CELLS-INHIBIN
OVARY
• TWO IN NUMBER
• OVARIAN FOSSA-LATERAL PELVIC
WALL
• ESTROGEN-FROM THECA INTERNA
• PROGESTRONE-CORPUS LUTEUS

48. DIFFUSE NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS
• RENIN-JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS OF KIDNEY
• GASTRIN-STOMACH-PRODUCE HCL
• SECRETIN-PANCREATIC JUICE
• CHOLECYSTOKININ-BILE SECRETION
• PANCREOZYMIN-PANCREATIC ENZYME SECRETION
• ENTEROGASTRONE-INHIBITS PERSISTALSIS OF STOMACH