Endocrine system i modified ug - copy

1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I
Hypophysis (Pituitary)
Supra renal (adrenal)

2. HYPOTHALAMUS
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
NEURAL
IMPULSE
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
HORMONES

3. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
•DISCRETE GLANDS
•HYPOPHYSIS
•THYROID
•PARATHYROID
•ADRENAL
•PINEAL

4. •Glands associated with
exocrine
•Pancreas
•Kidney
•Gonads
•Placenta
•Diffuse scattered cells
•Entero chromoffin
system
• APUD

5. HORMONES
•Steroid
•Testosterone (Testis, Suprarenal),
•Estrogen(Ovary, Suprarenal)
•Peptide
•Insulin (islets of Langerhans),
•Parathormone (Parathyroid)
•Prolactin (Pituitary)
•Amino acid analogues and derivatives
•Nor epinephrine, epinephrine

6. PITUITARY GLAND

7. PITUITARY GLAND

8. PITUITARY GLAND
•Anterior pituitary
• Ectoderm
• Roof of mouth
• Rathke’s pouch
• Detaches from roof
•Posterior pituitary
• Neuro ectoderm
• Floor of diencephalons
• Connected by infundibulum

9. BLOOD SUPPLY•Portal circulation
•Superior and inferior
hypophyseal arteries
•Primary plexus around
median eminence and
infundibulum
•Hypophyseal portal vein
enters adenohypophysis
as secondary plexus

10. HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI
•Pituitary gland
• Adenohypophysis
• Neurohypophysis
•Adenohypophysis
• Pars tuberalis
• Pars distalis
• Pars intermedialis
•Neurohypophysis
• Infundibulum
• Pars nervosa
• Median eminence

11. ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
•Cells arranged as
branching cords,
clusters
•Sinusoids
•Secretes trophic
hormones
SINUSOIDS

12. ADENOHYPOPHYSIS•Cell type
•Chromophobes
• Inactive cells
• Do not take stain
• Cytoplasm scanty
• Appears in group
• Nucleus of cell appear closer
• Precursor of chromophils
CHROMOPHOBES

13. ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
•Chromophils
•Active cells
•Alpha cells
•Acidophils
•Beta cells
•Basophils

14. • Acidophils
• Somatotrophs
• Ovoid ells
• Cluster arrangements around
sinusoids
• Growth hormone
• Orange G
• Mammotrophs
• Scattered with somatotrophs
• Increase during pregnancy
and lactation
• Eyrthrosin, azocarmine
STH
MTH

16. •BASOPHILS
•Corticotrophs
• Cells appear irregular
• ACTH
•Thyrotrophs
• Angulated cells
• Aldehyde fuchin stain
• TSH
•Gonadotrophs
• Round/ovoid cells
• Close to sinusoid
• FSH, LH, ICSH
TSH
GH

18. PARS TUBERALIS
•High vascularity
•Alpha and beta cells
•Cords and clusters of
undifferentiated cells
•Few gonadotrophs
cells

19. PARS INTERMEDIALIS
•Not well developed in
human
•Irregular row of follicles with
colloidal materials
•Few acidophil and basophil
cells are seen
•MSH in lower vertebrates
•Few cells reported to
secrete endorphins

20. PARS NERVOSA
• Unmyelinated nerve fibers
• Hypothalamo-hypophyseal
tract
• Pituicytes- stellate cells
• Secreted materials stored in
vesicles-Herring bodies
• Vasopressin
• Oxytocin

23. SUPRA RENAL GLAND

24. SUPRA RENAL GLAND
•Surrounded by capsule
•Septae carrying blood
vessels
•Cortex + medulla
•Cortex-3 zones
• Zona glomerulosa
• Zona fasciculata
• Zona reticularis

25. SUPRA RENAL –CORTEX
•Zona glomerulosa
• Irregular cluster around
capillaries
• Polyhedral cells
• Cytoplasm uniformly stained
• Secretes minerlocorticoids
(aldosterone)
• Poorly developed in human

26. SUPRA RENAL -CORTEX
•Zona fasciculata
•Cells arranged in cords
•Straight capillaries between
•Vacuolated cytoplasm
•Rich in cholestrol and vitamin
C
•Secretes glucocorticoids

27. SUPRA RENAL - CORTEX
•Zona reticularis
•Cells arranged in cords
•Cell depicts dark and light
nuclei
•Runs in different direction
•Anastomose with one another
•Secretes sex hormones

28. ADRENAL MEDULLA
•Cells arranged as clumps and
cords
•Large ovoid cells-
pheochromocytes
•Cytoplasm stains with
chrome salts
•Nerve cells may be found
•Large vein

29. DISPOSITION OF BLOOD VESSELS
•Capsular artery-
•>capillary network in ZG-
•>straight capillary network
in ZF
•>meshwork of sinusoids in
ZR
•Medulla – medullary vein

30. DISPOSITION OF BLOOD VESSELS
•Capsular arteries
•>medullary arteriole
•>medullary capillaries
•>medullary vein

31. SUPRA RENAL GLAND
ZG
ZF
MEDULLA
ZR
CAP

34. SUPRA RENAL GLAND
CORTEX
MEDULLA