A presentation by Mr Ofentse Mokwena (Lecturer: Department of Transport Economics and Logistics Management: NWU) at the Transport Forum special interest group proudly hosted by TCT in Cape Town on 10 December 2015. The theme for the event was: "Encouraging Public Transport". The topic of the presentation was: "Encouraging public transport as a feasible option to passenger mobility"
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Transport for Cape Town’s role in encouraging public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Ms Melissa Whitehead (Commissioner of Transport: TCT) at the Transport Forum special interest group proudly hosted by TCT in Cape Town on 10 December 2015. The theme for the event was: "Encouraging Public Transport". The topic of the presentation was: "Transport for Cape Town’s role in Encouraging Public Transport".
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Guest presentation to the Institute for Transport Studies by Keith Buchan, Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society (TPS), 12th November 2014
Keith Buchan outlines what the Transport Planning Society would like to see included in a transport manifesto for the new Government which will be elected in 2015.
Keith Buchan, is the Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society. He has been an Executive Director of Metropolitan Transport Research Unit (MTRU), an independent transport planning consultancy, since 1989. Prior to that he worked for local authorities, including the Greater London Council where he was responsible for implementing the Night and Weekend Lorry Ban. His work has included objectives led assessment, traffic restraint, ‘new generation’ bus priority, demand responsive transport and heavy vehicle studies. Keith recently completed a draft UK strategy to reduce carbon emissions from transport including aviation and shipping. He was a Government adviser for the 1997 national road traffic forecasts (NRTF) that were part of the original NATA in 1998, and is a member of the advisory group now working on the NATA Refresh.
Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Adv Alma Nel (Director: Legal and Policy Research: Gauteng Provincial Government) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Making cities more competitive The Economic Case for Public Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Ppp for solving public transport woes in indiaAmit Jain
The public transport in most of the cities are dependent on buses, auto rikshaws, cycle rikshaws which are not able to meet the demand, prone to accidents, delays & traffic jams. The cities need to create an efficient and affordable public transport services. The private sector may be invited through PPP to develop an integrated public transport system in a city. The private sector may charge an appropriate user fee (fare) from the users and earn revenue from commercial activities like advertising, renting & leasing of commercial spaces etc to cover his capital and recurring cost.
Summary of input gained from the first rounds of committee meetings and public meetings (July-September 2012) for the 2040 Regional Transportation Plan.
Transport for Cape Town’s role in encouraging public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Ms Melissa Whitehead (Commissioner of Transport: TCT) at the Transport Forum special interest group proudly hosted by TCT in Cape Town on 10 December 2015. The theme for the event was: "Encouraging Public Transport". The topic of the presentation was: "Transport for Cape Town’s role in Encouraging Public Transport".
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Guest presentation to the Institute for Transport Studies by Keith Buchan, Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society (TPS), 12th November 2014
Keith Buchan outlines what the Transport Planning Society would like to see included in a transport manifesto for the new Government which will be elected in 2015.
Keith Buchan, is the Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society. He has been an Executive Director of Metropolitan Transport Research Unit (MTRU), an independent transport planning consultancy, since 1989. Prior to that he worked for local authorities, including the Greater London Council where he was responsible for implementing the Night and Weekend Lorry Ban. His work has included objectives led assessment, traffic restraint, ‘new generation’ bus priority, demand responsive transport and heavy vehicle studies. Keith recently completed a draft UK strategy to reduce carbon emissions from transport including aviation and shipping. He was a Government adviser for the 1997 national road traffic forecasts (NRTF) that were part of the original NATA in 1998, and is a member of the advisory group now working on the NATA Refresh.
Making cities more competitive the economic case for public transportTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Adv Alma Nel (Director: Legal and Policy Research: Gauteng Provincial Government) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Making cities more competitive The Economic Case for Public Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
Ppp for solving public transport woes in indiaAmit Jain
The public transport in most of the cities are dependent on buses, auto rikshaws, cycle rikshaws which are not able to meet the demand, prone to accidents, delays & traffic jams. The cities need to create an efficient and affordable public transport services. The private sector may be invited through PPP to develop an integrated public transport system in a city. The private sector may charge an appropriate user fee (fare) from the users and earn revenue from commercial activities like advertising, renting & leasing of commercial spaces etc to cover his capital and recurring cost.
Summary of input gained from the first rounds of committee meetings and public meetings (July-September 2012) for the 2040 Regional Transportation Plan.
Presentation by Stelios Rodoulis, of Jacobs Consulting, to a postgraduate audience at the Institute for Transport studies (ITS), University of Leeds UK. October 2015.
www.linkedin.com/in/rodoulis
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Public-Private Partnership in Urban TransportJaspal Singh
The presentation highlights the different aspects of Public Private Partnership in Urban Transport. It highlights the investment required in this sector and what are the challenges faced by private investors.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects to date, presented by MA and MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, May 2014.
on.fb.me/1oSvcMT
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Presentation by Maria Börjesson, Deputy Director Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Delivered on 5 March 2014 to an audience of postgraduate students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/externalseminars
The Gap Between the Public Transport System and the Automobile Industry Rory Van Wyk
https://www.miway.co.za/blog/useful-info/a-commentary-on-south-africa-s-dependence-on-the-motor-car-industry | We discuss the fundamental gaps between the South African public transport system and automobile industry. Learn about the implications of a lacking public transport system and its effects on the automobile and motor vehicle insurance industries.
Multimodal in rail development: popularity and reaping benefitsAtkins
Dr Ghassan Ziadat, Atkins’ director of planning and infrastructure, looks in depth at transport planning, multimodal transportation and transit oriented developments. Ghassan believes that clear government direction, through policy and legislation, remains essential to ensure the consistent and effective adoption of multimodal transportation and transit orientated developments (TODs) in the Middle East’s major cities.
This presentation was first delivered in March 2014 at Infrastructure Outlook 2014, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Future of transport Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspe...Future Agenda
The initial perspective on the Future of Transport kicked off the Future Agenda 2.0 global discussions taking place through 2015. This summary builds on the initial view and is updated as we progress the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Abstract of master's thesis on traffic congestion in GhanaHayford Adjavor
This was a study aimed at bringing the merits of road pricing implementation, and drawing from lessons in other developing countries in order to solve the traffic congestion problem in the city of Accra.
Review of Transport Models in Indian Context & their sustainiblity in Indiayoougal
Despite the high cost of model development, and their short shelf life, little review of their performance has been done in India.
The presentation includes the basic introduction of models with their application & pros & cons in Indian scenario.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
Presentation by Martin Higgitt of JMP Consultants, to Masters students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Presentation by Stelios Rodoulis, of Jacobs Consulting, to a postgraduate audience at the Institute for Transport studies (ITS), University of Leeds UK. October 2015.
www.linkedin.com/in/rodoulis
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Public-Private Partnership in Urban TransportJaspal Singh
The presentation highlights the different aspects of Public Private Partnership in Urban Transport. It highlights the investment required in this sector and what are the challenges faced by private investors.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects to date, presented by MA and MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, May 2014.
on.fb.me/1oSvcMT
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Presentation by Maria Börjesson, Deputy Director Centre for Transport Studies, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
Delivered on 5 March 2014 to an audience of postgraduate students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/externalseminars
The Gap Between the Public Transport System and the Automobile Industry Rory Van Wyk
https://www.miway.co.za/blog/useful-info/a-commentary-on-south-africa-s-dependence-on-the-motor-car-industry | We discuss the fundamental gaps between the South African public transport system and automobile industry. Learn about the implications of a lacking public transport system and its effects on the automobile and motor vehicle insurance industries.
Multimodal in rail development: popularity and reaping benefitsAtkins
Dr Ghassan Ziadat, Atkins’ director of planning and infrastructure, looks in depth at transport planning, multimodal transportation and transit oriented developments. Ghassan believes that clear government direction, through policy and legislation, remains essential to ensure the consistent and effective adoption of multimodal transportation and transit orientated developments (TODs) in the Middle East’s major cities.
This presentation was first delivered in March 2014 at Infrastructure Outlook 2014, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Future of transport Insights from Discussions Building on an Initial Perspe...Future Agenda
The initial perspective on the Future of Transport kicked off the Future Agenda 2.0 global discussions taking place through 2015. This summary builds on the initial view and is updated as we progress the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
Abstract of master's thesis on traffic congestion in GhanaHayford Adjavor
This was a study aimed at bringing the merits of road pricing implementation, and drawing from lessons in other developing countries in order to solve the traffic congestion problem in the city of Accra.
Review of Transport Models in Indian Context & their sustainiblity in Indiayoougal
Despite the high cost of model development, and their short shelf life, little review of their performance has been done in India.
The presentation includes the basic introduction of models with their application & pros & cons in Indian scenario.
Presented by MA & MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, May 2015.
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
http://on.fb.me/1KM7ahn
Presentation by Martin Higgitt of JMP Consultants, to Masters students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Micro Urbana Communities- Creating and Implementing Livable Transportatino So...Cynthia Hoyle
How can communities successfully create multi-modal transportation systems? This presentation discusses how Champaign-Urbana, IL has been working to give people choices in mobility and lifestyle and how it has been succeeding in creating mode-shift.
Guest presentation delivered by Gayle Wooton of Cardiff University, 25 November 2015.
Abstract: despite rising levels of urban mobility, access to places, activities and services has become increasingly difficult, particularly for the marginalised urban poor who face long distances or unaffordable travel costs in order to reach places of employment, education or leisure. In cities where access to private travel is uncommon, mass transport systems are essential elements allowing citizens to participate in everyday activities. Following successes in Curitiba and Bogota, mass transit systems such as bus rapid transit have been implemented in many Latin American cities (Medellin, Buenos Aires, Lima), while others are implementing metro systems (Quito, Panama City, Guadalajara, Santiago de Chile). Many such systems are unevenly distributed throughout the city however, with poorer neighbourhoods often poorly connected to the city centre where the majority of jobs and opportunities are located.
In tandem, many Latin American nations have been debating rights-based approaches to tackling social inequality. Ecuador and Brazil have adopted the Right to the City concept as part of their constitutions and Mexico City is developing a similar city charter. A human rights dimension is relevant to the provision of transport systems recognising that ‘the right to mobility is universal to all human beings, and essential for the effective practical realisation of most other basic human rights’ (CEMR 2007). Despite this link, rights-based approaches to social equity have not been studied in the context of mass transport systems. My research attempts to address to what extent rights-based approaches have been, or can be, integrated into decisions about mass transport investment, through the case study of Quito and plans for a new metro line and connecting metrocable routes. This presentation would present preliminary analysis following fieldwork in early 2015.
Bio: Gayle Wootton is a trained planner with a background in ecology, environmental impacts and assessments. Before returning to full-time education in 2013 to undertake her PhD in Inclusive Urban Mobilities, she worked for ten years for organisations involved with providing environmental and sustainability advice to the land-use and transport planning systems of England and Wales. Gayle has previously worked as a Research Officer for the Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI), ran a £10m European-funded Regeneration Programme for the Welsh Government, and advised on strategic plans for the Countryside Council for Wales and the Environment Agency Wales. Now in the third year of her PhD, Gayle is also Chair of Planning Aid Wales, the postgraduate representative for UTSG and has teaching responsibilities on modules relating to transport economics and sustainable mobility.
A presentation by Mr Neil Frost (CEO: iSAHA International), at the Transport Forum SIG: "Sustainable Transport" on 6 August 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg's Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (Africa), or ITLS (Africa). The theme of the presentation was: "Sustainable Integrated Transport".
Esta presentación de WUF7 es sobre necesidad de crear más acceso a de transporte digno y mejores condiciones de vida para personas a población.Muestra la situación actual en muchos aspectos difíciles de manejar, que se pueden solucionar con pequeños esfuerzos.
This WUF7 presentation is about the necessity to create a better access to a better transport and life conditions for the poor. Showing the acual situation for difficult in some aspects which are difficult to manage.
Lugar: Medellín
Evento: Wuf7
Fecha: Abril de 2014
An overview of urban transport and mobility needs in urban Africa. Presented by Roger Gorham at Transforming Transportation 2015.
Transforming Transportation 2015: Smart Cities for Shared Prosperity is the annual conference co-organized by the World Resources Institute and the World Bank.
Sustainable Urban Transport Planning Considering Different Stakeholder Groups...BME
Sustainable urban transport requires smart and environmentally-friendly technical solutions. It also needs to meet the demands of different user groups, including current and potential future users, in order to avoid opposition of the citizens and to support sustainable development decisions. While these requirements are well-known, conducting full surveys of user needs and preferences are tedious and costly, and the interests of different user groups may be contradictory. We therefore developed a methodology based on the prevalent Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is capable of dealing with the inconsistencies and uncertainties of users’ responses by applying an Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process (IAHP) through comparing the results of passengers to reference stakeholder groups. For a case study in Mersin, a coastal city in southern Turkey with 1.7 Million inhabitants, three groups were surveyed with questionnaires: 40 users of the public transport system, 40 non-users, and 17 experts. Based on interval pairwise comparison matrices, consisting of whole judgments of all groups, the IAHP methodology could attain a consensual preference ranking for a future public transportation system between the three groups. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor ranking was very stable.
A presentation by Mr Bill Cameron (Director: Public Transport: DOT) at the Transport Forum Month of Transport Celebrations 1 October 2015 hosted by University of Johannesburg. The theme for the event was: "Trends in Policy Development for Transport" and the topic for the presentation was: "Policy Conundrums in Urban Transport."
More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za
ABSTRACT
This paper considers commuters’ satisfaction with public mass transit (PMT) services in Kogi State, Nigeria. The work is propelled by the practical absence of previous research efforts in the area, particularly as it affects the commuters in the grassroots. Taking in a multi-stage sampling technique, the study used a sample of 601 commuters and 70 of both employees and management staff drawn from six different public mass transit outfits operating in Kogi State, Nigeria, by both the state government and the local government areas of the province. Data was collected from commuters, contact personnel and management staff. The survey disclosed that there is a substantial deviation between the case of mass transit outfit commuter patronize and their level of gratification with the avails of the PMT. The survey concludes that commuters, generally, are not satisfied with the avails of the public mass transit in Nigeria. Established on the findings, the study recommended among others improved funding of these PMTs and the desegregation of other modalities of transportation for effective service delivery.
Keywords: Consumer-Satisfaction, Service-Quality, Dimensionality of Service Quality.
Similar to Encouraging public transport as a feasible option to passenger mobility (20)
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
The October 2022 issue of Business Fleet Africa.
Business Fleet Africa is an innovative and target market-focused digital magazine aimed at one of the most important vehicle buying sectors in the local market, be they users of cars, vans, light commercials, medium and heavy trucks.
Business Fleet Africa is the ideal route to connect with senior executives and decision-makers in the South African business vehicle and fleet operations environment.
It is the first and only magazine of its kind in South Africa that focuses solely on vehicles and the manner in which they are used for business purposes.
Delivered by Mr Coenie Vermaak, CEO of the Electronic Toll Collection company at a transport forum session in South Africa on road funding and economic development.
Delivered by acting CEO of the Road Freight Association, Gavin Kelly during a ‘Road Funding in South Africa - Feedback from Operators’ event held in Midrand, Johannesburg.
Road funding from a freight forwarding and logistics perspectiveTristan Wiggill
Presented by Ms Olga Mashila during the 3rd Transport Forum Working Group - ‘Road Funding in South Africa - Feedback from Operators’ held in Midrand, Johannesburg.
E-tolls: The Impact on Development in GautengTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Coenie Vermaak, CEO of Electronic Toll Collections (ETC). Delivered during a Transport Forum Special Interest Group 'Roads and the Economy' event in Johannesburg, South Africa on 14 February 2019.
Transport and the economy: Understanding the relationship...and the dangersTristan Wiggill
A presentation by Professor Stephan Krygsman. Delivered during a Transport Forum Special Interest Group 'Roads and the Economy' event in Johannesburg, South Africa on 14 February 2019.
A presentation by Peter Copley, transport engineer and member of SARF. Delivered during a Transport Forum Special Interest Group 'Roads and the Economy' event in Johannesburg, South Africa on 14 February 2019.
The Future of National Roads: The 2030 Roads Plan and a Sustainable Funding M...Tristan Wiggill
Presented by Louw Kannemeyer, engineering executive at SANRAL. Delivered during a Transport Forum Special Interest Group 'Roads and the Economy' event in Johannesburg, South Africa on 14 February 2019.
Beneficiaries of an optimally designed transportation system Tristan Wiggill
Presented by Mr. Francois Meyer, General Manager Long-Term Planning, Transnet SOC Ltd during the Roads and Economy Transport Forum held on 14 February 2019.
A presentation by Mr Stefan Neubrech, principal of Infrastructure Advisory at Aurecon, South Africa. Delivered during a Transport Forum Special Interest Group event in Pretoria on 6 December 2018.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
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Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Encouraging public transport as a feasible option to passenger mobility
1. ENCOURAGING PUBLIC
TRANSPORT AS A FEASIBLE
OPTION TO PASSENGER
MOBILITY
Ofentse Hlulani Mokwena
North West University, Mafikeng Campus
Department of Transport Economics and Logistics Management
Ofentse.mokwena@nwu.ac.za
018 389 2829
2. INTRODUCTION 1.1 two sides, one coin
When South African households
spend hours lost in transit…
When South African households
spend hours 'stuck' in traffic…
It All Starts Here® 2
3. THE BIG QUESTION AMONG MANY
How can authorities or providers of public transport
tap into domestic and international evidence to
influence decision making processes?
It All Starts Here® 3
PART A: Current mobility context
PART B: Current Policy Trends
PART C: Expanding the way we think of public
transportation services.
PART D: Identifying the potential knowledge
necessary for effective decision making.
4. MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-1.1 traffic, transit,
walking
1. During the peak hour traffic delays in selected SA cities is nearly
70 hours per year for a 30 min commute.
2. In one story, a public transport user reportedly spends 4 hours
to travel to work.
3. Whilst in different tale some learners are found walking more
than 5km to school.
It All Starts Here® 4
Table 1: International Congested Time Averages
Peak Delay/hr Delay/yr- 30min Commute Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT)
SOUTH AFRICA 27min 70h 24 918 330km
AUSTRALIA 30min 76h 37 216 892km
EUROPE 28min 71h 74 594 575km
Table 1: Travel Distance Averages
Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) VKT per Network Km Road Network Length
SOUTH AFRICA 24 918 331km 1712km 15885km
AUSTRALIA 37 216 893km 3393km 14631km
EUROPE 74 594 575km 15480km 7776km
5. MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-2 SA urban delay
It All Starts Here® 5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Bloemfntein
Cape Town
Durban
East London
Johannesburg
Pretoria
Peak Delay/hr Delay/yr- 30min Commute Vehicle Kilometres Traveled
Cape Town peak hour delay is 38min, Johannesburg is
34min– annual time lost for a 30min commute is 89 hours and
83 hours per year.
7. MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-3 spatial access
Compared to international
cities SA cities are low
density high distance cities.
In Gauteng for instance,
lowest income households
are immobile and travel 20-
30 km to access the city
(work).
It All Starts Here® 7
(Vanderschuren et al., 2010) (Venter, 2014)
8. Sandton and Alexandra reveals the spatial-access nature of
the competition for mobility and access in SA.
It All Starts Here® 8
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-4 competition for spatial inclusion
9. Between 1993 and 2009 20%
of the highest income earners
earned no less than 60% of
all available income.
SA has a Gini Coefficient of
0.63 today (2015) it was once
the most unequal nation on
earth in 2012.
It All Starts Here® 9
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-5 affording access
World Bank Data http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI
African Development Indicators
http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/africa-development-indicators
10. It All Starts Here® 10
"Growth in liabilities stems from household consumption
expenditure growth being financed by means of credit,
especially credit facilities and unsecured credit."—Melring, van Aardt, de
Clercq, Harmse (2012) 'South African Household Wealth Index Q4 2012'
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-6 spending patterns
11. It All Starts Here® 11
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-7 cost of transport
relative to spending
(Venter, 2011)
12. It All Starts Here® 12
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-8 cost of transport
relative to income
(Venter, 2011)
13. High income earners tend to spend less than their income.
Low income earners tend to spend more than their income–
given facilitative credit facilities.
Maybe transport services are so costly that low income
households borrow money in order to afford it and
other expenses…
It All Starts Here® 13
14. From a modal perspective, walking and minibus taxi use are
significant captivators of the middle to low income groups'
demand for travel.
It All Starts Here® 14
MOBILITY CONTEXT: A-9 traffic, transit, walking
(StatsSA, 2003; 2014)
15. It All Starts Here® 15
"…bus subsidies are holding down the price of mini-bus taxi services
because the competitiveness of buses is bolstered by the subsidy."-
Lombard et al. (2001)
16. THE BIG QUESTION AMONG MANY
How can authorities or providers of public transport
tap into domestic and international evidence to
influence decision making processes?
It All Starts Here® 16
PART A: Current mobility context
PART B: Current Policy Trends
PART C: Expanding the way we think of public
transportation services.
PART D: Identifying the potential knowledge
necessary for effective decision making.
18. POLICY TRENDS B-2.1 public transport juggle
It All Starts Here® 18
Figure 2: Patronage and Coverage (Walker, 2008)
Public transport service provision is a balancing act of capturing the
maximum number of passengers and maximising profitable load
factors.
19. Coverage Patronage
Social Needs Geographic Equity Financial Return Vehicle Trip Reduction
* 10% of Disposable
Income.
* Reasonably
accommodate all
user types.
* Public transport
information services.
* 40km/direction
* 1 hour/direction
* Proximity to work
locations in rural and
urban areas.
* 85% Metro population
within 1km from
station*.
* Walking distances
<1km in urban areas
given 100km of
dedicated walkways
and cycle ways.
* Economically viable
with minimum
financial support.
* Peak= 5-10min; Off-
Peak= 10-30min.
* Service Hours: 5 am
to Midnight in large
metros.*
* 80% Public
Transport; 20% Car.
* 20% shift in car trips
to public transport by
2020*.
It All Starts Here® 19
POLICY TRENDS B-2.2 public transport juggle
(DoT, 2007; Department of Transport, White paper on national transport policy, 1996)
20. 1. Public transport in South Africa appears to negotiate a future
within three strategic trends:
1. Spatial Transformation that enables affordable access and
mobility for all by redressing spatial fragmentation (Cooporative Governance
and Traditional Affairs, 2014; National Planning Commission, 2012).
2. Establishing viable integrated multi-modal operations that play
a catalytic role within and between urban and rural economies (Pillay &
Seedat, 2007; DoT, Public Transport Strategy, 2007; DoT, National Transport Master Plan, 2010;
VIVA, 2007).
3. Enhancing the proximity to transit and public services
through neighborhood level actions and standards that aim to densify
and compact human settlements whilst capturing value through transit
oriented land uses (National Treasury, 2013; National Treasury, 2014; Clacherty, 2011;
Urban LandMark, 2012; Beg, et al., 2014) .
It All Starts Here® 20
POLICY TRENDS B-2 invaders
21. THE BIG QUESTION AMONG MANY
How can authorities or providers of public transport
tap into domestic and international evidence to
influence decision making processes?
It All Starts Here® 21
PART A: Current mobility context
PART B: Current Policy Trends
PART C: Expanding the way we think of public
transportation services.
PART D: Identifying the potential knowledge
necessary for effective decision making.
22. THINKING & PRACTICE: C-1
Sustainable Mobility
It All Starts Here® 22
“The intention is not to prohibit the use of the car, as this would be both difficult
to achieve and it would be seen as being against notions of freedom and choice.
The intention is to design cities of such a quality and at a suitable scale that
people would not need to have a car.”—Banister (2008)
23. THINKING & PRACTICE: C-2 Holistic
Mobility Thinking
Figure 3: Integrated Transport Planning (Potter & Skinner, 2000; May, Kelly, & Shepherd, 2006)
Two extremes are evident in the holistic approach: a) the travel
economy and b) transportation economy.
It All Starts Here® 23
Functional & Modal
Integration
Policy Instruments of Provision
and Management
Transport & Land-Use Planning
Integration
Social Integration
Holistic Integration
24. THINKING & PRACTICE: C-3 views of the
travel economy
It All Starts Here® 24
Figure 4: The Transport
System is one of Flows,
and Activities (Zuidgeest ,
PhD)
Figure 5: The Travel Market is
a System of Elements and
Some Distribution (UCT, 2015)
Figure 6: The Public
Transport Framework is
Mutli-dimensional (Onderwater,
2014--unpublished)
25. Behavioral economic research
reveals the formation of travel
habits, decision structures, and
cognitive influences to mode
choice.
It All Starts Here® 25
Figure 8: The Theory of Planned Behaviour
(Ajzen, 1991)
THINKING & PRACTICE: C-4.1 mode choice
26. It All Starts Here® 26
Figure 9: Classification of Modal Choice Determinants Based on Review Analysis (De Witte,
Hollevoet, Dobruszkes, Hubert, & Macharis, 2013)
THINKING & PRACTICE: C-4.2 mode choice
Socio-demographic indicators are not enough!
27. • Travel behaviour (i.e. mode choice)
transcends socio-economic and
demographic characteristics– it may
largely be behavioral.
• Vincent Kaufmann reveals that motility
signifies the social transition a
traveller makes from home (mother)
to work (colleague). (De Witte et al., 2013;
Kaufmann, 2011)
• Julia Markovich and Karen Lucas show
that young children's future travel
behaviour can be bubble wrapped in
private car use– loosing spatial-
cognitive skills(Markovich & Lucas, 2011).
It All Starts Here® 27
THINKING & PRACTICE: C-4.3 mode choice
29. Chester and Horvath argue that there is an entire supply chain of
emissions in the public transportation economy.
It All Starts Here® 29
THINKING & PRACTICE: C-5.2 conceptual
framework of emissions
(Chester & Horvath, 2008)
30. It All Starts Here® 30
Figure 7: An Expanded View of the Paratransit Market in Macro, Meso and Micro Contexts
THINKING & PRACTICE: C-5.3
macroeconomic framework of public transport
(Mokwena, 2016)
One study shows that there is an entire value chain underlying the demand and
supply of transit services. There are more path dependencies.
31. THE BIG QUESTION AMONG MANY
How can authorities or providers of public transport
tap into domestic and international evidence to
influence decision making processes?
It All Starts Here® 31
PART A: Current mobility context
PART B: Current Policy Trends
PART C: Expanding the way we think of public
transportation services.
PART D: Identifying the potential knowledge
necessary for effective decision making.
32. • A holistic view of attractively integrating public transportation
services seems necessary.
• Broader and richer multidisciplinary analysis supply and
demand of travel and transportation services.
• International best practice and retrofitting are not enough–
local methods, surveys, and data collection efforts may add
significant value.
It All Starts Here® 32
KNOWLEDGE FOR DECISION MAKING
34. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• International evidence is but a valuable learning tool.
• The collection of large, longitudinal, dynamic, multi-disciplinary data,
survey methods and toolkits may demystify what we 'see' in South
Africa.
It All Starts Here® 34
35. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Absorbing such data, methods and outputs may require:
– institutional infrastructure that is well capacitated,
– threshold specific policies (instead of procedural ones) and
– efforts toward collaboration between various entities from rural, urban
and metro areas.
It All Starts Here® 35
36. CONCLUDING REMARKS
It All Starts Here® 36
At the end of the day, using evidence to design attractive, viable
and valuable public mobility and access systems is a step closer
to a livable future that accounts for positive and negative
externalities.
38. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
It All Starts Here® 38
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, 179-211.
• Beg, F., Brickford, G., Denoon-Stevens, S. P., Harber, J., Jitsing, A., Moosajee, R., et al. (2014). How to build transit oriented cities. Johannesburg:
South African Cities Network.
• Chester, M. V., & Horvath, A. (2009). Environmental Assesment of Passenger Transport should include Infrastructure and Supply Chains.
Environmental Research Letters, 1-8.
• Chester, M., & Horvath, A. (2008). Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of Passenger Transportation: A detailed methodology for energy, greenhouse
gas and criteria pollutant inventories of automobiles, buses, light rail, heavy rail and air v.2. Berkeley: UC Berkeley Center for Future Urban Transport:
A Volvo Center of Excellence.
• Clacherty, A. (2011). Creating and Capturing Value Around Transport Nodes. South Africa: South African Cities Network.
• Cooporative Governance and Traditional Affairs. (2014). Integrated Urban Development Framework: Draft for Discussion. South Africa: Department of
Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.
• De Witte, A., Hollevoet, J., Dobruszkes, F., Hubert, M., & Macharis, C. (2013). Linking modal choice to motility: A comprehensive review.
Transportation Research Part A(49), 329-341.
• DoT. (2007). Public Transport Strategy. Pretoria: Department of Transport.
• DoT. (2010). National Transport Master Plan. Pretoria: Department of Transport of South Africa.
• Kaufmann, V. (2011). Rethinking the City: Urban Dynamics and Motility. Routledge.
• Kennedy, C., Miller, E., Shalaby, A., Heather, M., & Coleman, J. (2005). The Four Pillars of Sustainable Urban Transportation. Transport Reviews, 393-
414.
• Lombard, M. C., Lamprecht, T., & van Zyl, N. J. (2001). Fundamental restructuring of Durban's public transport system- The user preference study.
20th Southern African Transport Conference. Durban: SATC.
• Markovich, J., & Lucas, K. (2011). The Social and Distributional Impacts of Transport: A Literature Review. Oxford: Transport Studies Unit, School of
Goegraphy and the Environment.
• May, A. D., Kelly, C., & Shepherd, S. (2006). The principles of integration in urban transport strategies. Transport Policy, 319-327.
• Mokwena, O. H. (2016). Paratransit Mesoeconomy: Control Measures from the Supply Side? Procedia Economics and Finance (p. Forthcoming ).
Elsevier.
39. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
It All Starts Here® 39
• National Planning Commission. (2012). National Development Plan. Pretoria: The Presidency.
• National Treasury. (2013). Neighbourhood Development Programme Urban Design Toolkit. Pretoria: Neighbourhood Development
Programme, National Treasury.
• National Treasury. (2014). Urban Hub Design Toolkit. Pretoria: The National Treasury.
• NPC. (2012). National Development Plan. Pretoria: National Planning Commission, The Presidency.
• Onderwater, P. (2014, June 3). Public Transport and Rail Transport Planning . (E. University of Cape Town, Interviewer)
• Pillay, K., & Seedat, I. (2007). Towards 2020: Public Transport Strategy and Action Plan. Proceedings of the 26th Southern African Transport
Conference (pp. 398-408). Pretoria: SATC 2007.
• Potter, S., & Skinner, M. J. (2000). On transport integration: a contribution to better understanding. Futures, 275-287.
• Statistics South Africa. (2014). National Household Travel Survey. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
• StatsSA. (2003). National Household Travel Survey. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
• StatsSA. (2014). National Household Travel Survey. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
• Suzuki, H., Cervero, R., & Iuchi, K. (2013). Transformin Cities with Transit: Transit and land-use integration for sustainable urban development.
Washington D.C.: World Bank.
• Urban LandMark. (2012). Improving Access to the City through Value Capture: An overview of capturing and allocating value through the
Development of Transport Infrastructure in South Africa. Urban LandMark.
• Vanderschuren, M., Lane, T., & Korver, W. (2010). Managing Energy Demand through Transport Policy: What can South Africa Learn from
Europe? Energy Policy, 826-831.
• Venter, C. (2011). Transport Expenditure and Affordability: The Cost of Being Mobile. Development South Africa, 121-140.
• Venter, C. (2014). Access and Mobility in Gauteng's Priority Townships: What Can the 2011 Quality of Life Survey Tell Us? Proceedings of the
33rd Southern African Transport Conference. Pretoria.
• VIVA. (2007). Catalytic public transport initiatives in South Africa: A critical review. Pretoria: National Department of Transport.
• Walker, J. (2008). Purpose-driven public transport: creating a clear conversation about public transport goals. Journal of Transport Geography,
436-442.