My Observation Of A Community Resource At Life Strategies...

My Observation Of A Community Resource At Life Strategies...
For the assignment of participate observation experience, I chose to visit Life Strategies Couneling
Services in Beckley, West Virginia, to gain a better understaning of how the community resource of
indvidual therapy and group therapy is experienced from the client's point of view. I chose to
complete my observation of a community resource at Life Strategies Counseling Services due to its
many quality online reviews. In addition, when calling the offices of local community resources, the
office staff at this location was very friendly and open about the possibility of an interview with a
provider with the credentials of MSW. This opportunity has helped me learn criteria related to
displaying empathy to a client through "expressing lack of awareness regarding the client's cultural
experience" (Chung, 2002, p. 157), through the process related to public transportation in my
community.
After doing some research, I was able to find public transportation in my area, known as "New
River Transit." This service allows idviduals to schedule an appointment to be picked up and
transported to your destination for a fee of $2.50 for a one–way trip. The other option for this
provider is waiting at a series of limited designated physical pick up locations. The experience from
using the public transportation service was a little more difficult than my past experiences with
public transportation. In my current location we do not have a bus system that operates past 4:00pm,
which made it
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An Interview On Child Welfare
As a helping professional focused on child welfare, educational resources are essential to provide
children with adequate support. Often times, the children's' advocates, caregivers and volunteers,
need assistance connecting with the school to secure social work services. There have been
countless occurrences where the child is faltering academically and the school is unaware that they
are in foster care. The teachers are overworked and unable to identity which children are in the
greatest need because there are many who struggle. Linking the advocates with social workers will
help increase the likelihood of the children's success. Increasing the awareness of the children's
advocates, informing them of the available resources, enhances their support system. An interview
was conducted with a social worker for several public schools to increase awareness of the free
services offered to families and children within the district. An interview was conducted with Ashley
Fortune MSW, a school social worker for several schools within Gilbert Public School District.
Ashley Fortune received her Bachelors in Social Work from Arizona State University, subsequently
receiving her Masters in Social Work. Throughout the duration of Mrs. Fortune's professional career,
she explored various roles within the field of social work. Post completion of her Bachelors, she
worked in residential center for people with disabilities. She provided direct care services and
assisted clients with

Theoretical Importance Of Transportation
IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION AND 3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Having
outlined the current state of Nairobi's transportation system, this essay will now explain why public
transportation is important and the theoretical debates that surround urban transportation. One
characteristic that most cities have in common is that they have a system of transportation which
allows residents to be mobile. These transportation services expand the lives of its residents by
providing them a way to get opportunities for getting them from place to place which is especially
important for those who do not have access to vehicles (EU EXTRA Project 2001:1) These services
are used for a variety of different reasons, including but not limited to: shopping, commuting to
work/school and for leisure (ibid). As a result, it is critical for the urban community to have a well
managed transportation system because it allows people to move about their daily life in an efficient
way. Neoliberal, Marxist and Postcolonial perspectives offer different views on what effective mass
transportation services should look like and how they should be run. The World Bank (WB), a
Neoliberal leaning institution, has been very supportive of public transportation developments and
have promoted their sustainability because they believe that these systems help connect people to
jobs, health services and education in addition to being a driving force for economic growth (World
Bank 2017). As cities are continuing to rapidly

The Need to Measure Transit System Performance
The necessity to measure transit system performance along with its different dimensions has led to
the development of a large number of quantitative performance indicators. Nevertheless, depending
upon the specific indicator assessed, one can reach to different conclusions regarding performance.
Furthermore, though performance and scale economies are closely related issues, they have been
generally examined separately in the transit literature. There have been significant amounts of
research undertaken in order to examine the transit system performance, and in turn of assessing the
performance based on such methods but the two characteristics underline the work. First, due to
heterogeneity in getting different relationships between efficiency and effectiveness, system
performance, existence of scale of economies and various such issues, the conclusion which have
come out of different studies is not same. In other words there are conflicting conclusions. Even
researchers are not using the data which is provided by NTD (National Transit Data base) and as a
result the comparability of findings across researches is questionable. A second problem arises
because researches have been using cross section–time series data from largely heterogeneous
systems and have introduced a size–related bias in their results (Berechman, 1993). Tomazinis
(1977) specified a set of indicators in order to measure the public transit systems's performance. His
measurement was built on three bases;

Interpretations Of Sustainable Urban Transport Systems Of...
Interpretations of Sustainable Urban Transport systems of different international cities
Introduction
Sustainable development is the current holy grail of developers & planners across the globe. It is a
roadmap to attain sustainability in any resource using activity requiring intra–generational & inter–
generational reproduction, where reserve use & living condition of present & future human
generation is being met without undermining the "integrity, stability & beauty" of natural biotic
systems (Leopold, 1949). After Brundtland Report, the term "Sustainable development" gained
popularity and mainstream use (Brundtland, 1987). Sustainable development preaches that socio–
economic–ecological progresses are concomitantly attainable within ... Show more content on
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(congestion, pollution, overpopulation etc.). Sustainable Urban transport sector was chosen to study
& compare transport planning, policy & implementation of different countries across the globe. It
was found that countries already heavily developed in vehicular mode (private vehicle) is having
hard time shifting modal preference to sustainable urban transport systems (MRT, BRT, NMV); as
this requires huge initial capital investment, enthusiastic public participation & political
statesmanship & sagacity & willingness to face hostile public reaction to change over (ie;
Singapore– modal shift from vehicular to public transport) (MoT, Singapore website, 2014).
Countries like USA also faces huge public opposition (perception of curtailment of freedom) & legal
barrier (4th amendment, US constitution), (Richard, 2009). USA (San Francisco, Portland, New
York, and Milwaukee) has deconstructed freeways (Norquist, 2000); France (Paris) has converted
Georges Pompidou Expressway into Paris–Plage (Paris Beach) (Charles Siege, 2007) and South
Korea (Seoul) has removed Cheonggye freeway to restore Cheonggyecheon river (Natalie, 2013).
Achieving the balance between progress and impact is a delicate dance choreographed through
sustainable development planning, policy and pragmatic implementation. How the described
countries are faring will now be scrutinized.
Definition:
Sustainable development is "Development that meets the needs

Transport Disadvantage And The Regional Transport Essay
Introduction It is widely acknowledged that Northern Ireland has suffered from decades of
underinvestment in its roads and public transport (RTS, Department for Regional Development
2002). Northern Irelands public transport networks are lacking in many areas of the country. To
address key issues surrounding a lack of adequate transport provision, and to combat the growing
problems of car dependence and transport disadvantage, the Northern Ireland Assembly
commissioned the Regional Development Strategy and the Regional Transport Strategy. This essay
will discuss the nature of transport disadvantage, identify the groups affected by transport
disadvantage, and evaluate and discuss the policies proposed by the Regional Transport Strategy,
and how they will attempt to remedy the problems faced by these disadvantaged groups. What is
Transport Disadvantage? Transport disadvantaged groups can be identified as individuals and
families in the society that cannot easily travel to the opportunities they would like to use. (Warren,
Paula 2011). Transport disadvantage can be more easily defined as the difficulty in accessing
transport through a result of cost, location, disability or age. Transport disadvantage in Northern
Ireland has been exacerbated by an increase in car dependency rates and less investment in local
transport services for socially disadvantaged groups. The number of journeys mad by car in
Northern Ireland accounted for 72% of all journeys made in 2012–2014, an

Disadvantages Of Public Transport
I. Introduction (Christian Matthew Carbonell)
Everyday people would take different forms of transport simply because of some occasions and
obligations to attend to. Many people prefer using public transportation vehicles because they don't
have the budget to buy their own cars or because no one would accompany them to their destination.
Most people would wake up very early and set their time. Some would record how long and how
fast they should be taking a transport. Recording the time of walking to the transportation terminal,
the amount of time inside, and going to work or school is a good way for a commuter to develop
time management. No one can really predict what may occur when taking a transport. The recorded
time will not be the same as the next time the person would commute, because there would be
unexpected events that could either delay or hasten travel. It is a person's decision whether to keep
going or stop. A common issue in riding a transport is the limited amount of people are allowed to
go inside that transport. Commuters would usually be stressed, because of technical difficulties or
problem. There is a Facebook page called "MRT: Mga kuwento ... Show more content on
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These vehicles may be owned by government entities as public utilities or by private entities for
their own profit. These means of public transport are important to the country's development
because most people need to use mass transport to meet commitments or fulfill obligations like
going to school or work, especially when the places they need to go to are particularly far from
where they live. However, there are many forms of public transport for people to choose from and
not all of them available in a given situation are convenient for the job, so people tend to be choosy
with these modes of transport to

The City Of Greater Shepparton
City of Greater Shepparton is situated 191 km away from Melbourne and in Northern Victoria it is a
large city. The population is about 230,000 with major industry, hence providing employment and
service. Therefore agriculture is a favourable and major production area. It is forecasted agriculture
will play a significant role in the development and growth of northern Victoria. Recent years the
region was affected with a range of challenge in drought, flood, and implementation of Murray
Darling Basin Plan. Although the region has faced difficulties there has been continues growth
across all major industries. As it is located in the centrally location, with affordable real estate,
extensive business opportunity. It has been one of the exponentially growing region. An outstanding
opportunity to reform Greater Shepparton into Central Business district (CBD) into a modern, lively
and desirable for everyone to lie. For achieve Greater Shepparton City Council has recommended a
coordinated program of improvements known as the Shepparton CBD Revitalisation Project. The
Shepparton CBD Revitalisation Project has three key infrastructure projects as follows:
1. Vaughan Street and Maud Street Redevelopment There are four sub projects in Vaughan Street
and Maude Street Redevelopment. In December 2013 the first sub–project was completed. It mainly
concentrated on the Vaughan Street – Corio Street to Maude Street Improvements. The other

Bombardier Transportation & the Adtranz Acquisition
I. Overview
 Pierre Lortie = newly appointed President & Chief Operating Officer of Bombardier
Transportation (BT), headquartered in St. Bruno, Quebec
 BT = one of 3 major operating groups of Bombardier Inc. (BBD), headquartered in Montreal,
Canada.
 BBD = one of the world's largest manufacturers of passenger rail cars
 BBD recently completed acquisition of Adtranz from DaimlerChrysler, headquartered in Berlin,
Germany
 Acquisition would expand BT's revenues & geographic scope; increase BT's competencies in
propulsion systems & train controls; complete its product portfolio
 Before deal is solidified BT requires regulatory approval of the European Commission (EC) –
lengthy process
 Lortie began a thorough review of work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Acquired Canadair from Canadian gov. Through aggressive marketing, cost–cutting measures and
tight controls, BBD turned operations around. Acquired Short Brother PLC (aircraft producer in
Ireland), Learjet Co, and de Havilland (civil aircraft industry penetration). BBD introduced new
planes.
 Revenues were now less than 15% for snowmobiles due to diversification.
 Beaudoin's deals & acquisitions turned poorly operating entities into profitable ones
 Profits from the BBD's recreational products group (snowmobile/watercraft sales) represented
37% of company's profits; MADE GROUP CENTRAL TO COMPANY SUCCESS. Aerospace
group represented 66% of revenues and 85% profits (increase in jet sales, expanding economy,
Bombardier created new commuter jet segment).
 BT grew as well (awarded prestigious contract to produce specialized rail cars for the Eurotunnel
engineering project). BT acquired Waggonfabrik Talbot KG of Germany, DWA Deutsche
Waggonbau GmbH of Berlin (doubling train/subway car manufacturing capacity in Europe).
Acquired contract w/Virgin Rail Group of

Indi The Architecture Of Community
1. Introduction
"A City is not an accident but the result of coherent vision and aims."
– Leon Krier, The Architecture of Community
India is moving towards fast paced economic growth. After India entered Open Market Operations
under the leadership of Prime Minister P.V. Narsimha Rao, economic policies endured lots of
opportunities for foreign direct investment further offering people new windows of employment and
growth of the nation overall. In the reports of McKinsey 's India 's Urban awakening, "it has been
mentioned that many countries are facing problems of aging population whereas India
comparatively has a young and growing population which is a potential demographic advantage".
For this advantage to work wonders, India needs urban centers with better transportation,
infrastructural facilities and housing. In the very same report of McKinsey, "it said that the urban
economy will provide 85 percent of total revenue, which will finance development nationwide".
Thus report of McKinsey indirectly states that cities are the engines of growth, hence with better
transportation system and infrastructure the urban development will enhance at a faster pace.
Public transportation takes a special place in city 's smooth functioning, since it offers mobility and
access to people in accomplishing their daily tasks. Technological advancement and rise in incomes
have made people to rely more on private mode of transport due to poor services by public transport
agencies in India.

Essay on Mass Transit: The Future of American Travel
Mass Transit: The Future of American Travel In today's day and age, an increasing urgency must be
put on the issue of transportation and its relation to society. Man owes it to himself to address the
issue of transportation with practicality and, as one of the biggest polluters, ultimate discretion. One
of the most practical and responsible forms of transportation available today is mass transit.
However, a problem is present in American society in that mass transit is not as plentiful as it should
be. Societies' across the globe are embracing mass transit much more quickly than Americans are.
This problem can be remedied through proper education of the benefits of mass transit. Mass transit
is the ideal future of travel for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, on average, for every billion dollars invested in the field of public transportation capital and
operations creates and supports 36,000 jobs (2). Furthermore, these new 36,000 jobs will in turn
result in approximately 3.6 billion dollars in business sales and approximately half a billion in
federal, state, and local tax revenues (2). By maintaining this yearly funding of public transportation
there lies the possibility of a whole new job sector emerging which could, in turn, stem long–term
unemployment rates. Secondly, there is strong evidence to support a positive causation between
public transportation and beneficial effects towards families and businesses. For example, for every
dollar invested in the field of public transportation, approximately four dollars are generated in
"economic returns" (2). There also exist statistics that claim that for every 10 million dollars
invested in public transportation, there is potential for returns as high as 30 million dollars in
business sales solely (2). Individually speaking, the average annual savings for one that takes public
transportation and chooses to live with one less car is just a little less than 10 thousand dollars
(9,900)(2). In order to show the saving nature of the public transportation system, estimates claim
that without public transportation, costs from traffic congestion alone would have risen 19 billion
dollars (2). The last of the outlined economic

The Bus, A Modern Panacea
Have you ever considered taking the buses, not the car, to your destination? According to his essay
"The Bus, a Modern Panacea," Lester Detroit states that the VTA system offers a fundamental
solution for not only the SJSU student but includes most people who commutes to school or work.
He claims that cars have the negative side effects for the environment problems; furthermore, cars
are the problem of both traffic congestion and wasting time and money. He insists that students
should "drop their car culture and create a new bus culture." Bus is the "cure–all solution" for
students. As for students, I strongly disagree with Detroit's point of view that VTA system is a
suitable transportation for students to commute. It is important for students to realize that not a lot of
people know how to transit, taking the bus is inconvenient, safety concern, and pollution.
There are buses everywhere around people, but how many of them actually know how to use
transit? In the survey report "SJSU Transportation Solutions Fall 2012 Student Commute Survey
Report," the author Eyedin Zonobi points out statistics that 5.2% of students are either doesn't know
about the transit options or how to use transit. It has difficult time for students to transit when they
don't know how. For students, they need to go online and do the research, but is it wasting their
time? They no longer need to waste the time to Google map, if they have a car.
Taking the bus can be inconvenient because its

The Improvement Of Customer Satisfaction Of Auckland...
ASSESSMENT ONE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Auckland Transportation: "To Improve customer satisfaction".
Members of group:–Savisha, Jai, Namrta, Supriya,
Purvi, Avishek, Hedy
Lecturer: Dr Julianne Wu
Appendix
Preface 3.
Current Fares and Services Overviews 3.
Aims/Objectives 3.
Rational 3–4.
Research Methods 4.
Literature review 4–7. Limitations 7–8.
Time Frame 8–9.
References 9–10.
Preface
The Research report is based on "the improvement of customer satisfaction of Auckland
transportation".
Our key focus will be Analysing the Route time table, Availability and services on

Public Transportation And Public Transport
Introduction
In today 's world Public transport has become a necessity, "it is a crucial part of the solution to any
nation's economic, energy, and environmental challenges – helping to bring a better quality of life.
In increasing numbers, people are using public transportation and local communities are expanding
public transit services" ("Public transportation benefits," 2014). It not only helps create a greater
sense of community between customers from the local community but also creates a healthier
environment because it is less stressful than having to drive in traffic; it is also more accessible and
economical for people as it is cheaper and easier to commute and is also good for the environment
as use of public transport decreases the usage of cars which reduces pollution and increases over
road hazards, etc ("Benefits of public transport," 2015). Toronto is one of the most populous cities in
Ontario which is why a city like Toronto, driving is a hassle thus public transit is a great way get
around, it is not only safe but also quick and economical. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is
the company which provides public transport within the city of Toronto.
Importance of vision and mission statement in TTC
Vision and mission statements provides organizations with a purpose and a sense of belonging.
Vision and mission statements are believed to be the exemplar for an organization culture and it
helps with identifying the company 's main goals and corporate culture.

Case Study : Ford 's Market Development
Ever thought of a faster, flexible, more affordable bus? If you have experienced the public
transportation in Los Angeles, you probably have. Ford is teaming up with a Boston based tech
startup called Bridj to launch an on demand bus service. Ford and Bridj are partnering up with
Kansas City Area Transportation Authority; the first public–private collaboration in the nation to
start project Ride KC. Bridj mobile app enables Kansas City residents to request on demand Ford
transit shuttle that can be found in various shuttles. The shuttle holds 14 passengers, and people can
reserve a seat on the app. Ford's market development is shifting away from its traditional target
market as the company aims to improve accessibility of jobs to Kansas City employees. A city
where a staggering 18% jobs are accessible within 90 minutes using existing mass transit, according
to Bridj CEO, Matt George. Would Ride KC be a consideration set for consumers? Or would
consumers stick to a safe alternative? Is Ride KC an opportunity for Ford and its partners? Based on
my research, here is what I discovered. According to a 2011 Brookings Institute Study, the average
American city dweller can only reach about 30 percent of the jobs in their region via public transit in
less than 90 minutes. That is a clear indicator that the current US public transit system is inefficient.
A lot of people can't afford cars, or prefer not to have one. In cities like London, and Tokyo that
wouldn't be an issue as they

Metro Transit And The Better Bus Stop Engagement Essay
Berry Farrington of Metro Transit and the Better Bus Stop Engagement
Context
"The bus stop is the front porch of the Metro Transit system," said Berry Farrington, senior planner
at Metro Transit and the Better Bus Stops (BBS) project manager. It is certainly where many
Minnesotans start their daily travels. Given the role of the bus stop, Metro Transit believes it is
necessary to make these places "safe, secure, and comfortable" for their riders. The BBS
engagement process began in March 2016 in an effort to not only add and improve bus shelters
across Metro Transit's service area but to engage with its riders in order to develop better parameters
and guidelines for future bus stop investments. The process will end in March 2017.
The funding for the BBS engagement comes from a $3.26 million dollar Ladders of Opportunity
Grant from the Federal Transit Administration for bus stop improvements that Metro Transit won in
late 2014. Besides improving bus shelters and stops, Metro Transit also saw this grant as an
opportunity to work towards the Metropolitan Council regional government's Thrive MSP 2040 plan
objective of "raising awareness of the complex interdependencies of income, race, place and
opportunity and to challenge both itself and others to think regionally and act equitably for a better
region for all."
The BBS process is also aimed at addressing Metro Transit's negative press from failing to
appropriately balance its bus stop investments across its ridership. A

Social Identity In New York City
According to The NYC Department of City Planning, "New York has the highest population density
of any major city in the United States, with over 27,000 people per square mile." 1 As the city with
the highest population in the United States, NYC functions different structurally then many other
cities in the United States. The functionality of such a highly populated city can be studied through
individuals and how factors such as human habitation and social interactions facilitate economic
aspects and create the social identities of NYC residents. As we study further into these factors we
will uncover the various benefits and consequences that are confronted and ultimately lead to the
social identity individuals of this city form.
To begin lets take a look at the habitation styles of NYC. As one of the largest metropolitan cities in
the United States, with "About 1 in every 38 people living in the United States residing in New York
City" according to The NYC Department of Planning. 1 With such a high population volume and so
little landscape NYC has created a different style of living, when compared to other areas in the
United States. NYC has a large concentration of skyscraper and high–rise buildings that make up the
architecture of the city in order to make up for the lack of space. The image below from
NYCgo.com provides skyline image of NYC to show just how many skyscrapers dominate the city.
2
These buildings are often occupied by a combination of hotels and residential

Modeling Travel Demand For A Bus Transport System
MODELING TRAVEL DEMAND IN BANGLORE CITY
INTRODUCTION:
Now a days due to increase in traffic, decrease in open areas and low allocation of funds,
transportation planners are looking for other effective ways to overcome these problems.
Introduction of low cost fuel–efficient cars and easy availability of car loans with interest free
monthly payments have encouraged people to buy private vehicles which has increased congestion.
The need for an efficient, accessible and feasible public transport system is needed more than ever.
To overcome the above mentioned problems, most of the metropolitan cities in India are trying to
streamline their transportation system so as to introduce a Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) as an
alternative to bus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The city of Bangalore is the third most populous and ranked fifth for its urban assemblage in India.
Located in the Deccan plateau in the southern part of India, it has an urban population of about 8.52
million. According to World Bank report (2002), motor vehicle ownership has been increasing 10%
annually in cities with a population of 1 million or more. This has led to air, noise and
environmental pollution; increased congestion; reduced use of public transport system and
consequently increase in use of private vehicles.
From 1991 to 2014, private vehicle ownership has increased in Bangalore city and the limping
public transport system has been struggling to keep pace with the growing travel demand. To
overcome this, the city has to develop a new mass rapid transit system and expand its existing bus
services.
It has been also observed that policies pertaining to land use and urban planning has caused major
urban sprawl which in turn has led to inadequate public transport (Pucher et al, 2005).
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
Due to increase in economic growth, better living conditions and ease of loans, it is easier for people
now a days to acquire new vehicles. Since Bangalore as an IT hub has great risk of congestion due
to rapid urbanization and under developed infrastructure. So, a travel

Transportation Issues Of The Joplin Missouri Area
Transportation Issues in the Joplin Missouri Area and Their Effects Upon the Rural Population it
Serves David Adams Western New Mexico University Identified in this paper is the social issue of
public transportation within the Joplin, Missouri area. The effects of this issue span gender, Joplin,
Missouri is at the intersection of two of the busiest intersections in all of Missouri, I44 and Highway
71. Although this center for commerce is busy and growing, in many ways it still acts like the small
town it got it beginnings from. According to the city's website and the 2010 Census pole, the
population of Joplin is approximately 50,175 and growing to an estimated 50,789, with the poverty
rate of 19%, versus the state as a whole ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Public transportation provides numerous positive attributes to the community at large. It enhances
personal opportunities by providing personal mobility and freedom, gives people transportation
options to get to work, go to school, visit friends, or go to a doctor's office, provides access to job
opportunities. It saves fuel and reduces congestion, provides economic opportunities and drives
community growth and revitalization. Statistically, every $1 invested in public transportation
generates approximately $4 in economic returns, every $10 million in capital investment in public
transportation yields $30 million in increased business sales, every $10 million in operating
investment yields $32 million in increased business sales, and from 2006–2011, residential property
values performed 42 percent better on average if they were located near public transportation with
high–frequency service. Public transportation saves money and reduces gasoline consumption.
According to APTA's transit saving report, a two–person household can save, on the average, more
than $10,174 a year by downsizing to one car. Public transportation use in the United States saves
4.2 billion gallons of gasoline annually and households near public transit drive an average of 4,400
fewer miles than households with no access to public transit. Public transportation also reduces the
carbon footprint in that its use

A Proposal For Improved Full Scale Public Transit
A Proposal for improved Full Scale Public Transit in Cleveland County The need for a full scale
rural public transit system in Cleveland County has been identified frequently by community groups
and local businesses, through formal research and by citizen participation at public meetings.
Citizens for Full Scale Public Transit is a community group of concerned individuals originating in
2015 to promote the development of an improved public transit system in Cleveland County.
Committee members take pride in presenting this proposal for a two year project to establish a new
improved system of rural public transit which is widely available, affordable, accessible and
efficient. The route proposed is a loop connecting the County's three most populous towns Shelby,
Kings Mountain, and Boiling Springs. Five buses would operate Monday through Saturday on a
regularly set schedule, with stops at established locations which will run six times per day in both
directions along this route. The system's success would depend on a partnership with The
Transportation Association of Cleveland County, as well as significant financial resources from the
North Carolina Transportation Association and The American Public Transportation system. It is
proposed that the contract to run the Transit services would tender to these established firms. This
bus system will benefit local business, senior citizens, students, tourists, and all rural families in
Cleveland County currently lacking affordable

Executive Member Of A Local Union
Team Logan members certify that no one on this team is acquainted with, personally know, or have
had any prior contact with Ms. Siggard before this project. Explain your Choice of Company and
Industry and Provide a Summary of the Research You Conducted Prior to the Interview At the
beginning of this project, it was our intention to interview an executive member of a local Union to
gain the perspective of what unions face in modern society regarding membership and the benefits
they provide. We initially planned and scheduled our interview with an executive member of the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local 354, Russ Lamoreaux. After being
rescheduled and dismissed multiple times, our team opted to find a different subject to interview
who would be more responsive and willing to provide us with helpful information to further our
education. This became an interesting lesson for us as a team and changed our perspective of unions
because it was difficult to get anyone to answer the phone, respond to emails, commit to a scheduled
time, or even just provide an honest answer if they wished not to participate. We wondered if this is
how unions regularly conduct business and how difficult or frustrating it must be as a member of
management in trying to negotiate with a union to come to an agreement if this is how they operate.
Our connection with Ms. Siggard was completely by accident and while we anticipated a different
direction with this assignment, she provided

Public Transportation Bill Essay
Background Public transportation is serious need of a massive overhaul in this nation. We are in
desperate need to catch up to the European standard of public transportation in this country. In
Europe, citizens can travel across cities, bodies of water, and even counties with their state of the art
public transportation system. Europeans are not nearly as reliant on cars and oil as the United States
is because they have the much more practical option of taking the transportation provided to them
by the government to where ever they need to go. They have set a model that the United States
needs to strive for and meet in the near future. The government is pouring billions of dollars every
year to sustain and attempt to fix the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We have to become more responsible in our way of life and realize that oil will soon run out at
current rates and we have to embrace public transportation now if we are to succeed in the
upcoming future. Also, our goal is to make this a greener nation. By reducing the number of cars on
the road and making it possible for every citizen to have access to public transportation, we can
reach this goal. It is our duty and responsibility to take care of the planet and make sure that we do
not cause our own destruction. Reducing carbon emissions and greenhouse gasses will put our
nation on the right path for the future.
Our Plan With the overall objective in mind of providing public transportation to all Americans, we
have to understand all of the different modes of transportation that need to be reconstructed and
funded properly. America is a geographically diverse nation and all need to be taken into account to
meet the growing demand of transportation over these differing regions. First off, we have to
address states that must begin to rely on ferry transport across bodies of water. The ferry system
needs adequate funding so that commuters can cross bodies of water such as the Puget Sound and
Chesapeake Bay. Docks, landings, ferry boats, and employees will all need funding to ensure that
this happens. Water public transportation is an unutilized territory and in this growing age we hope
to help it strive. We plan to rebuild ferry landings

Sources of Air Pollution in Sidney
Motor vehicle emissions remain the highest source of air pollution in Australian major cities with
Sydney holding the record for the worst air quality in Australia. Although Sydney has comparatively
better levels of air quality compared to other major cities in the world, air pollution is still a major
environmental and health issue. The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change have
put the cost of this issue to human health at more than $4.7 billion each year in the greater
metropolitan area. Health experts have also estimated that air pollution cause up to 1400 deaths per
year in Sydney alone, and up to 2000 hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular
illnesses. In a 2004 statement by the CSIRO, the mortality rate due to air pollution in Australia
(approximately 2,400 deaths each year at the time) was higher than the road toll (approximately
1,700 deaths each year at the time), and these estimates have only risen in recent years as medical
science gains a better understanding of the link between air pollution, health problems, and the
significant cost to our economy. The cause of this pollution can be put down to Sydney's ever–
growing vehicle numbers. According to the NSW Government's 2009 State of The Environment
Report, vehicle ownership growth now outstrips the population growth as each household is now
estimated to own 1.49 cars and take 16.3 million car trips totalling 132 million kilometres daily.
Hence a combination of both economic incentives and

Automation in Transportation Fare Collection Essay
INTRODUCTION
Automation in transportation fare collection represents a major technological advancement in the
history of urban public transportation. "The move toward changes in the technology and
methodology of fare collection has indeed become the order of the day as older and larger transit
systems search for more efficient collection, better revenue control and effective marketing
technique" (Jones, 1985).
The purpose of this project is to determine the feasibility of implementing different automated
technologies in transportation system within Metro Manila areas and other cities in the Philippines
to assist in the collection and accounting of passenger fares.
The study includes the following objectives:
1. Review the current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While in rural and provincial areas simple "paper and pencil" method may be used. While this
simpler methods may require less infrastructure i.e. computers, communications equipment etc, they
may actually be less efficient, requiring more time for personnel to consolidate data, invoice for
services, and complete other data management requirements.
Some larger modernized transit systems are already using automated/electronic methods of
collecting fares, tracking ridership information, and invoicing companies for rides. Electronic
method has two basic parameters for fare payments, these are (1) Payment options i.e. single–ride,
multi–ride, period pass, stored value, and post payment; and (2) Payment media i.e. cash, token,
paper ticket, magnetic ticket, smart card, credit card, debit /ATM card, and transit vouchers. In
addition to this method, some cities have also implemented software solutions to automate their data
collection, analysis and reporting in as much as possible. The Breeze by MARTA used in North
America and The Client Ridership Referral and Financial Tracking (CRRAFT) system used in
Mexico are some of the examples of this type of software solutions aside from the customised
software applications and commercial off–the–shelves systems are also available.
The Metro Manila Development Authority

Bus Transit And Mass Transit
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1General
In urban areas due to expansion of cities and population growth the major problems which arise are
more travel time and more travel cost. For Developing countries like India, China, Brazil etc. taking
affordability and mobility into account the policy makers induced public transport system for
movements like inter–urban or intra–urban. Various examples are Bus Transit & Mass Transit. Due
to bigger city size and fixed routes of these systems its accessibility varies for different user. These
predefined fixed routes do not take into account the whole catchment area from where the users are
using. Among these users there are some users which use daily bases are known as commuters. Such
commuters access/egress the transit system by a variety of modes such as by walking, bicycle,
manual tricycle, motorized 2–3 wheeler, feeder bus services and cars. Each mode has its utility
within certain distance range (Khistey and Sriraj 1996) . Increase in city size has reflected in the
utility of various modes, utility of motorized vehicles have increased whereas the utility of non–
motorized have decreased. From socio–economic point, these include loss of employment, slow
elimination of environment friendly modes like bicycles, manual tricycles and walk and increase in
population levels. The mode choice for access and egress varies for various users but for policy
makers it is very important to identify the factors which are influencing these mode

Major Problems Of Urban Transport
3. Major problems of urban transport
Kuala Lumpur is not always considered as a "megacity" for its scale and population. However, its
urban area and urban population density can be compared to many metropolitans in the Global
North. Being a motor–dominated city with high population density, rapid economy growth, and a
rather small scale, Kuala Lumpur is facing its own problems of urban transport. (1) Kuala Lumpur
has one of the lowest public transport passenger amount levels in Asia due to the rising ownerships
and usage rate of private cars. The recently–launched Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020 revealed
that only 20 percent of total Kuala Lumpur passenger movements take place by public transport
while 80 percent by private transport (Kuala Lumpur City Hall. Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2020,
2004). The public transportation has modern facilities, but with the poor system and low–quality
service, therefore, more and more people are shifting from public transport to private cars and
motors. Although the local government made efforts to introduce rails as public transport in the
1980s, expecting to slow down the speed of increasing motor vehicles, their popularity remained
(Aldukali et al, 2011). The low efficiency also contributes to the shift. The buses and metros always
arrive late, consuming more time for passengers to travel from house to work, which in turn further
aggravates the low usage rate.
(2) The increasing car ownerships number causes the rising demand

New York City, Tokyo And Paris
Introduction: With all major cities in the world, such as: New York City, Tokyo and Paris, comes a
exceptional transit system. Whether its is subways, buses, light rail transit (LRT) or a combination
of the above, they all perform a crucial role in transporting people from one destination to the next.
Since opening in 1954, Toronto's Transit Commission, also known as the TTC, has a system that just
about cover every part of Toronto, with 4 subway/rapid transit lines, 143 bus and 11 streetcar routes
in 2015, (TTC, 2015). Unfortunately, the TTC is still plagued with many problems, such as:
unexplained delay and overcrowding, which decline the riderships and revenues (Curry, 2016;
Hume, 2016). Furthermore the population of the greater toronto area (GTA) is expected to grow in
the upcoming years, Toronto's transit system would not be ready for the increase in capacity
(CrosstownTO, 2014). Therefore in order to increase the transit system's capacity and make it more
appealing, more LRT/Bus lines would need to be built in the GTA due to their constructability,
benefits to society and the environment, flexibility in suburbs and their low risks in meeting
ridership goal.
Constructability
Planning and constructing a new transit system is simple and inexpensive task . Everyones loves the
idea of subways, those electric powered trains can travel at rapid speeds of 24–39 km/hr with their
own right of way and carry over 1500 passengers per train and serve as the backbone of any

Urban Mass Transportation Administration (FTA)
Introduction
Transportation investment increased significantly with highway systems created during the 1940's
and the impressive interstate system program of the 1950's. Massively subsidized by the federal
government, these surface initiatives connected States from coast–to–coast, but concurrently made
suburban living feasible, while eroding inner–city investment (Shoup & Lang, 2011). Later, when
the streetcar, rail, and bus systems within cities began to falter and fade, President Kennedy
suggested federal investment in urban transportation. However, it wasn't until President Johnson
signed the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 that government funding for mass transit and the
Urban Mass Transportation Administration were established (Federal Transit Administration [FTA],
n.d.).
A decade later, the National Mass Transportation Assistance Act created formula grant funding to
assist with operating expenses of public and nonprofit transit agencies. While signing the Act,
President Gerald Ford (1974) announced the legislation would "enable localities to plan intelligently
for their long–term needs" and offer financial support "which can be used for rural transportation."
Since those initial transportation initiatives, transit planning and appropriations have continued to
expand. Fitting to the larger role, in 1991 the Urban Mass Transportation Administration was
rechristened the Federal Transit Administration (FTA).
From the initiation of funding public transit, the

How Gentrification Has Created New Urban Development
Another Way to Understand Gentrification
Introduction
As urban development progressively changes people's living behaviors, gentrification has created
new urban movements for everyone to follow. It refers to the special migration in population who is
seeking either a better living space and/or a better employment environment through an intra–city
moving. As many studies have discovered, the future global population growth will only take place
in the urban area. It is projected to be a 70% of the 9 billion future populations to live in cities in
2050. (Maarten Hajer 61) As the observable trend along with the major bus routes in San Francisco
and Oakland, it makes people believe that gentrification will become an unpreventable force to ...
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(Figure 2) As Rojas disclosed for the similar urban pattern in Los Angles, the physical restructuring
highly depend on the regional racial characteristic and everyday live experience. (40–42)
The symbolic meaning of figures and printing scheme reflects how local community describes the
culture environment through their own ways. The style of street art well reflects the desire of local
resident. Some symbols, as shown in Figure 2, make the community to be aware of the special
atmosphere and culture identity. Local artist choose to draw their living attitude and personal
impression on visible urban space to enrich the texture of Gentrification. Given the special setting,
the visual impression of a community can be the best reflection of the appealing of gentrification.
Unbalanced Housing Development
Gentrification also describes diversified urban housing developments. Many historical cases has
proven that natural forces will drive the urban development towards the way that is in favor of
market economy. For instance, Federal Property Owner of Detroit refused to accept racial
heterogenetic communities in the city since the mid 1940s; it created times of conflict that lied in
homeownership right and civil right. (Sugrue Thomas 218–220) As a more desirable living
environment is created, property prices go up in the central business district and stimulates price of
living. The special clustered pattern then attracts more capitals to move in and pull firms

Statement Of Purpose For Transportation Engineering
Statement of Purpose Jitendra Jain "Did I win? Did I lose? Those are the wrong questions. The
correct question is: Did I make my best effort?" If so, he says, "You may be outscored but you will
never lose." This quote from Carol Dweck (Professor of Psychology at Stanford University) has
inspired me the way I go about in my life. The belief in continuous learning with the optimistic
approach towards hard work, learning and doggedness has always been my motivation. My plans for
a master's degree are centered on the motive of productive research contribution in transportation
engineering. It was the struggle with problems in Algebra in my high school days that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this way, I can effectively utilize my technical & analytical skills and engineering concepts to
solve problems of persistent congestion and deficit connectivity. The interdisciplinary and
challenging program of Transportation engineering at Texas A&M University will supplement my
aim of exhaustive education. If given a chance, I would like to work under the expertise of Dr. Luca
Quadrifoglio whose work in this field has been very inspiring. His projects especially on
"Innovative Strategy for Paratransit Services" substantiate the role of paratransits and provide an
approach to fathom the impending first/last mile problem. Moreover, the kind of atmosphere and
harmony among the students supported by an extensive network of notable alumni has prompted me
to apply for a master's program at the university. I believe with my commitment and passion, I
would be able to embrace the demands of the program. With this statement, I earnestly seek the
opportunity to learn and contribute sincerely to the prominent Aggie

A Public And Private Partnership And A Reciprocal...
Summary
Recently the City of Wichita has begun to experience problems providing and maintaining its
transportation services. The City of Wichita has traditionally operated a standard transit system
common in many other cities. This transit system included large busses on fixed routes and smaller
busses for more specialized transportation needs. This system however, does not cover the entire
scope of public transportation needs required by many citizens. Citizens have voiced a need for
change in the city's transit system. In this memo I will propose two alternatives, a public/private
partnership and a reciprocal community transport system, that aim to improve the Wichita transit
system.
Background
Many people see the current transit system as limited in scope. Both in terms of operation hours and
buses route options. According to the Wichita Eagle, the current system "operates from 5:45 a.m. to
6:45 p.m. Monday through Friday and 6:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Saturday" (Wilson, 2013). This limits
the passenger usage to these specific hours. People needing public transportation before and after
these times are required to seek alternate methods of travel. In addition, not all bus routes run
through major city destinations. Some bus routes are stationed away from major areas of traffic. For
many citizens in order to utilize the public transit system, they must first seek another form of
transportation in order to reach a bus stop location.
In order to determine applicable solutions

Understanding the Purpose of an Organisation and Its...
3HRC
Understanding the purpose of an organisation and its operating environment.
1.1 Describe the purpose and goals of an organisation
Network Rail (NR) own and run the railway infrastructure; the tracks and equipment needed so that
the people who do run the trains – Train Operating Companies (TOCs) / Freight Operating
Companies (FOCs) – can keep their trains going. NR are responsible for maintaining the
infrastructure, signaling, timetabling and providing everything the TOCs and FOCs need to keep an
increasing number of trains moving safely.
NR was a private company and in September 2014 NR was reclassified to the Government's balance
and are now an Arm's Length Body of the Department for Transport. NR operated as a government–
owned ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FOCs earn revenue from transporting goods. TOCs also get some funding from the Government
which they use to buy train paths. These are called track access charges. We work collaboratively
with the TOCs and FOCs to make sure we provide the best service to our customers. When delays
occur that are Network Rail's responsibility, we have to pay penalties to the TOCs and FOCs. | |
Both Network Rail and the TOCs are regulated by the Office of Rail Regulation (ORR).
They monitor our performance and health and safety standards, and work with the Government to
decide what our income should be. | |
Business to consumers as directly dealing withend user as landside neighbours can call us directly to
complaint and complaint regarding managed station as NR only managed 19 station out of2,953
railway stations in britain.
Who do ur organization trade with – govemennet and businesses – mention it.
Tell us – The type of customer is ur business dealing B2B, B2G, b2c Think about Organistation is
business – –B2B to Nr to toc and foc who sell tickets to the customers to use the tarina as they pay
NR rent.
Who is the custoemr everyone who uses the railway
Who is the customer and describe – genger , age range, social dempograpic , matical status– type of
csutomer business goes for – have 3 factor
If it is a business, what type of business, what industry and what size of business
1.3 analyse how external actors impact on the business activities of an

Transportation Pollution and Global Warming an Article by ...
Nowadays, driving has become a part of our lives and culture. However, this culture has also caused
us a lot of problems such as traffic congestion, oil consumption, and pollution. For some people,
they need cars because it is a personal transportation, and public transportation is not convenient
enough. Although my friends and roommates live so close to the school, they love to drive to school
because they do not believe the bus schedule. In the artlice "Drowsy Driving – Stay Alert, Arrive
Alive"(drowsydriving.org) shows that 71% of adults in America drive a car to and from work, which
means a lot of people cannot live without cars now.
At the same time, in the article "Transportation Pollution and Global Warming," Nadeine Unger, she
states that cars will create a lot of black carbon, which is bad for air quality and our health. As I
mentioned before, almost everyone in U.S. owns a car, which means people are creating an
unknown amount of black carbon every day . Despite what people who drive alone may believe,
public transportation is an excellent system as it can solve the traffic problem, lessen car accidents,
help with our time management, save our money, and rescue our health and the environment.
First of all, More cars on the freeways lead to more traffic problem, which means driving alone in
our car is wasting our time. People who drive on streets and freeways will be wasting time because
there will be a traffic congestion on streets and freeways everyday. Public

Disadvantages Of A Bus Rapid Transit
Transport is an integral part of national, economic, social and sustainable development that can
produce both positive and negative effects on the environment and the quality of life depending on
the level of development and indicated preferences. Transportation is hence crucial for the growth of
any economy and trade, both of which are highly dependent on the conveyance of people and goods
(Rodrigue et.al, 2006). The role of transportation to urban dwellers cannot be overemphasised as
transportation enables employment, education, health services and leisure (Wane, 2001).
Practically the production process cannot be complete unless inputs such as raw materials and
labour can be moved from different locations; neither can manufactured products be delivered to
consumers, nor services carried out which emphasizes the need for an effective transport system
(Rodrigue et.al, 2006).
Public transportation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Curitiba Bus Model which was proposed by the city planning philosophy of Mayor Jaime
Lerner of the Brazilian city of Curitiba has since been incorporated in other cities as TransMilenio in
Bogota, Columbia; Metrovia in Guayaquil, Ecuador and the Orange Line of Los Angeles where
urban transport and urban growth are incongruous. The essence of a Bus Rapid Transit hence is to
improve bus operating speed and reliability on arterial streets by reducing or eliminating the various
types of delay (Goodman et al, 2005).
The history of public transport development in Sub–Saharan Africa differs from one country to
another. However, to date we may affirm that it is a sector which remains poorly organised across
the continent. Many companies were created in various countries, even several times in the same
country, but the vast majority of them have failed. (Addo,

Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor Essay
Automobile Dependency and the Working Poor David Shipler briefly mentions in The Working
Poor that lack of access to a car is one of the factors that make finding and holding a job difficult. A
person in need of a job may be unable to afford a car, since car ownership is so expensive, but they
may need a car because of urban sprawl and inadequate public transit networks. But just how
serious is the burden of car ownership, and how exactly does under funded public transit and urban
sprawl contribute to the need to take on this burden? The costs of car ownership concern motorists
greatly, so it isn't difficult to find information. AAA releases an annual brochure and report called
"Your Driving Costs." Their 2004 brochure reports a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Retail establishments and big–box retailers sprang up to support new residential growth, but their
employee base of unskilled workers was still largely based within the inner cities, making commutes
longer and more expensive. As jobs and people left the cities, many urban transit networks found
themselves going out of business. Many that survived were publicly acquired and heavily
subsidized. As a result, owning a car has become critical to the ability to seek, acquire and hold a
job. For example, a recent report by Washington think tank the Brookings Institution states that 32
percent of Baltimore residents do not have cars. An Abell Foundation report says this endangers the
ability of these residents to get and keep a job. According to Brookings fellow Margy Waller,
"people with a car are more likely to work, work more hours, and have a higher level of income."
The Brookings Institution proposes lowering the barriers to car ownership in order to help more
Baltimoreans become productive citizens. These barriers are high in Maryland, especially in
Baltimore City, making car access more difficult to achieve than it is on average. However, it is not
clear whether car ownership is a pathway to or a symptom of success. The Brookings Institution
believes that it is the former, but the truth is probably more complex. There is a strong movement for
better public

Research Paper on Pakistan Railways
(TITLE: WHAT ARE THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS)
INTRODUCTION:
A Pakistan railway, life line of the country, is a national state run transport service. It is under the
administration of federal government under the Ministry of Railways and its head quarter is in
Lahore. It is an important source of transportation throughout Pakistan. Pakistan Railways provides
an important mode of transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line
of the country", by aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan.
Recently a Pakistan railway is in crisis. This persistent failure owes to absence of a clear direction
for the organization, a pessimistic organizational ethos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Development Unit manages all; Divisions i.e., Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Multan, Sukkur,
Department besides, monitoring projects in execution Railway owned Schools Hospitals and
Railway Academy, Walton, Information & Technology Pakistan Railways comprises of seven
territorial operating Karachi & Quetta, besides, Workshops Division at Moghalpura and an
administrative Division at Headquarter The territorial and Workshops Divisions are each headed by
a Divisional Superintendent directly under the auspices of General Manager Operations .The
Divisional Superintendents are assisted by the Divisional and Assistant Officers of their respective
departments i.e. Engineering Department–Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Signal and
Telecommunications, Medical, Transportation & Commercial, Accounts and Railway Police.
Manufacturing Unit
The department of manufacturing is headed by the General Manager Manufacturing &
Services, this unit is composed of following sections:
1. Carriage Factory, Islamabad, (CFI)
2. Concrete Sleeper Factories, (CSF)
3. Locomotive Factory Risalpur
4. Rehabilitation Project, MGPR
5. Railway Constructions Pakistan Limited (RAILCOP)
6. Pakistan Railway Advisory & Consultancy Services (PRACS).
Ministry of Railway is responsible for overall control of Pakistan Railways as well as to guide the
overall policy. There are four (4) Directorates in this PR namely Administrative

The Bus, A Modern Panacea
Have you ever considered taking the buses, not car, to your destination? According to his essay "The
Bus, a Modern Panacea," Lester Detroit states that VTA system offers a fundamental solution for not
only the SJSU student but includes the majority who commutes to school or work. He claims that
cars have the negative side effects for the environment problems; furthermore, cars are the problem
of both traffic congestion and wasting time and money. He insists that students should "drop their
car culture and create a new bus culture." Bus is the "cure–all solution" for students. As for students,
I strongly disagree with Detroit's point of view that VTA system is a suitable transportation for
students to commute. It is important for students to realize that not a lot of people know how to
transit, taking bus is inconvenient, safety concern, and pollution. There are buses everywhere around
people, but how many of them actually know how to use transit? In the survey report "SJSU
Transportation Solutions Fall 2012 Student Commute Survey Report," the author Eyedin Zonobi
points out statistics that 5.2% of students are either doesn't know about the transit options or how to
use transit. It has difficult time for students to transit when they don't know how. For students, they
go online and do the research, but is it wasting their time? They no longer need to waste the time to
Google map, if they have a car.
Taking bus could be economical; on the contrary, it is inconvenient.

The Reform Of Miami Dade Transit
The reform Miami takes three primary factors into account before implementing any kind of reform
policy which are: planning, measuring, and monitoring. This practical framework allows them to
decipher how spending should be evaluated, how performance should be measured, and how
effectiveness should be monitored. There are numerous reforms on a broad spectrum which Miami
seeks to take action; however, this paper will hone in specifically on transportation reform. Miami–
Dade Transit holds the15th largest public transit system in the United States as well as largest transit
agency in the state of Florida. With a little over 2.6 million residents, it is imperative to have an
effective transportation system that all residing residents can rely on. Miami initially had a highly
ineffective system in place where the Citizens' Independent Transportation Trust (CITT) handled the
budget and created projects without any specific overseer (Citizens' Independent Transportation
Trust, 2015, p.6). The bureaucratic style committee mimicked the old public management where
discretion was a norm and professionals were not held accountable without any performance
measurements. In order to strengthen effectiveness, in 2010 a law placed the Board of County
Commissioners (BCC), elected by the people, authority over managing the budget and prioritizing
the efficiency of different projects proposed by the Citizens' Independent Transportation Trust
(CITT) ((Citizens' Independent Transportation

The Holocaust Of The Ghetto
One day we woke up to guards brutally pounding on our door. I was the first one up, but my dad
didn't let me open the door. When he went to the door the guard grabbed him and pushed him
outside. The guards rushed inside and told us all to get outside immediately. We went outside the
nazis made us start walking to the train station. Once we arrived at the station the nazis made all the
jews cramp into small cattle carts. This process took about two hours. Once in awhile you would
hear gun shots. That was usually the officers shooting at a Jew who was trying to escape. After all
the Jews got on the train my family and I prayed that we would all stay together. After what it
seemed like forever we arrived in a town called Rzeszow. There My family and the rest of the Jews
were forced to live in a ghetto. The ghetto was small but at least I was able to stay with my family.
We had to share a house with four other Jewish families. It was usually really crowded inside so I
spent most of the day outside. There were a lot of kids there but none that I would want to talk to. I
usually tried talking to adults. They knew a lot more about what was going on. I was very religious
so every chance I had I would pray with others. Usually I would pray with these two brothers. They
always had something really interesting to talk about. Their names were Future and Drake. They
were twin brothers whose parents were deported a month or two before we came to this ghetto. They
were always together

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