ENBE REPORT.pdf

Content:
1. Introduction
2. Investigation on Better Township or Town or City Guidelines and Issues
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town: Tenochtitlan
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns/cities : Venice
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township : Lilypad and X-scraper
6. The New “X” Town : The Noah
7. The Conclusion
8. References list
9. Process

In our final project in ENBE subject, we have to pretend ourselves as a mayor of the X-
town and design a future proposed city because present city is not suitable for
human living anymore. As a mayor, we have to propose a new X-town layout within
5 optional conditions :
 Underground City
 Floating on water city
 Underwater City
 A City on the air
 A city next to river and sea
The size of the city must be in 20-40 km2 and the population in the city must between
150’000 – 300’000. All citizens are Malaysian. While planning the city, we are required
to consider and include the following:
 The geometric shape, form, pattern, hierarchy, system and structure of the
city
 The main focus of the city
 The zoning of the city
 The people, population, social issue, activities, food distribution, culture
and religion
 Transportation and networking
 Infrastructure, utility, service, amenities
 Sustainable initiative and climate change consideration and resilience
 Other service
Introduction

2.1 What is CITY ?
A center of population, commerce, and culture; a town of
significant size and importance.
2.2 How City developed?
Early humans led a nomadic existence, relying on hunting and
gathering for sustenance. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago,
systematic cultivation of plants and the domestication of animals
allowed for more permanent settlements. During the fourth millennium
B.C., the requirements for the "urban revolution" were finally met: the
production of a surplus of storable food, a system of writing, a more
complex social organization, and technological advances such as the
plough, potter's wheel, loom, and metallurgy.
Cities exist for many reasons, and the diversity of urban forms can be
traced to the complex functions that cities perform. Cities serve as
centers of storage, trade, and manufacture. The agricultural surplus
from the surrounding countryside is processed and distributed in cities.
Cities also grew up around marketplaces, where goods from distant
places could be exchanged for local products. Throughout history,
cities have been founded at the intersections of transportation routes,
or at points where goods must shift from one mode of transportation to
another, as at river and ocean ports.
2.3 .Significant element of the city
 Networks
Every modern city contains an amazing array of pathways to carry
flows of people, goods, water, energy, and information. Ancient cities
relied on streets to carry foot traffic and carts. The modern city contains
The City

a complex hierarchy of transportation channels, ranging from ten-lane
freeways to sidewalks.
 Buildings
Buildings are the most visible elements of the city, the features that give
each city its unique character. Residential structures occupy almost half
of all urban land. Commercial buildings are clustered downtown and at
various sub centers, with skyscrapers packed into the central business
district and low-rise structures prevailing elsewhere, Industrial buildings
come in many forms ranging from large factory complexes in industrial
districts to small workshops.
 Open Spaces
Open space contributes greatly to the quality of urban life. "Hard"
spaces such as plazas, malls, and courtyards provide settings for public
activities of all kinds. "Soft" spaces such as parks, gardens, lawns, and
nature preserves provide essential relief from harsh urban conditions and
serve as space for recreational activities.
2.4 Characteristic of a good modern city
1. Fixed transit, preferably rail, above and below ground. Subways along
all major travel corridors; buses or trams on all secondary corridors
2. Use renewable energy
3. Buildings of different age, condition, and size
4. Living spaces everywhere, especially near downtown
5. Large or small public squares at all significant intersections
6. Street trees and rooftop gardens for pleasure.
7. Light rail or a rapid train connection to the airport. Freight and
passenger rail depots in town
8. Working farms adjacent to or (better yet) within city limits
9. Shops that open onto the sidewalk, not onto parking lots. All automobile
parking is underground or mid-block, not between street and shop.

2.5 Seasteading: The most possible proposed future town
Seasteading is the concept of creating permanent dwellings at sea, called
seasteads, outside the territory claimed by the government of any standing
nation. It will be the most possible proposal of the future town because the
land in future predicted will be submerge by water and it are not longer
suitable for human living. Most proposed seasteads have been modified
cruising vessels. Other proposed structures have included a refitted oil
platform, a decommissioned anti-aircraft platform, and custom-built
floating islands.
The closest things to a seastead that have been built so far are large
ocean-going ships sometimes called "floating cities", and smaller floating
islands.
WHY Seasteading?
 Sea level rise
 Lack of land
 Safety
 More ENERGY and RESOURCES can
generate from sea

3.1About the city
Tenochtitlán was an Aztec
city that flourished between
A.D. 1325 and 1521. Built on
an island on Lake Texcoco,
it had a system of canals
and causeways that
supplied the hundreds of
thousands of people who
lived there.
It was largely destroyed by
the Spanish conquistador
after a siege in 1521, and
modern-day Mexico City
now lies over much of its
remains.
It is as big as Seville or
Cordoba. The main streets
are very wide and very
straight; some of these are
on the land, but the rest and
all the smaller ones are half
on land, half canals where
they paddle their canoes.
3. Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities / towns: Tenochtitlan

3.2 Significant details of the city
3.2.1 Transportation
The Aztec city-states in the valley were hydraulic societies. They used bridges,
causeways, dikes, sluices, canals, aqueducts, terrace farming, and chinampas
(artificial, floating gardens) to
sustain the population and
allow for navigation about the
city. The city was quartered
into campans or zones with
twenty calpullis or districts in
each. There were main roads
and canals crossing the
calpullis. Bridges were made to
be removed at night in
defense of the city. Each
calpullis had a market. Public
buildings that served spiritual
and educational functions
were in the center of the city.
All new development had to
be approved by the city
planner, the calmimilocatl.
Model of Canoe
used to cross
across canal
The transportation
network of the
tenochtitlan

3.2.2 Drainage and water system
Tenochtitlán had a sophisticated water system for its time. Two large terracotta
aqueducts fed the city fresh water from springs at the on-shore hill of
Chapultepec. Each aqueduct possessed a double channel and each was more
than 4 km (2.5 mi) long. Lago de Texcoco itself was brackish (salty), although fed
by fresh underwater springs. A dike was completed that separated the fresh,
underwater springs from the broader, brackish
areas of the lake. The levee of Nezahualcoyctl,
when completed, was between 12 and 16 km
(7.5 to 9.9 mi) in length. The new areas of fresh
water adjacent to the island were used to
create the famous chinampas, or floating
gardens, some of which still exist. Although the
Aztecs had no citywide drainage system, and
much of the wastewater ended up in the lake
surrounding the city, they had a system to
handle human waste by means of privies in all
public places and many private dwellings
from which excrement was collected in
canoes. The excrement was applied as
fertilizer to chinampas (floating parcels of land)
or sold in the market to be used for tanning
animal hides. Urine was collected in pottery
vessels to be used later as a mordant for dyeing cloth. The Tenochtitlán
environment was obviously healthy for its time
Furthermore the great city on an island was joined to the mainland by four
causeways. The causeways were also used as dikes to control flooding and to
separate the fresh waters from Texcoco’s brackish water. There
were 3 aqueducts from the surrounding hills
and a sewer system. It is estimated that 200,000 to 250,000 people inhabited
Tenochtitlan and up to 700,000 occupied the surrounding
shoreline of the main land.
 Water channel
discovered under several
layers of the plaza

3.2.3 City Planning
Tenochtitlan was at first constructed like other city-state capitals with an organized
central area and an unorganized region outside the center precincts. When the
Mexicas came to power and Tenochtitlan's population began to grow explosively
there was a need to organize. The Mexicas' decided that, since Tenochtitlan had
become the capital of the Aztec
civilization, it was time to renovate.
They wanted it to have a renewed
splendor and to look prestigious and
important. They decided to
renovate it along grid lines. Not only
the central region was renovated to
match this grid, but also the outskirts
to make the entire city more
organized. The people of
Tenochtitlan borrowed a lot of
stylistic designs from Teotihuacan
and Tula to rebuild their city,
including using a grid, certain
architectural styles, and sculpture.
The entire city of Tenochtitlan was
divided into five quadrants, if you
count the center one. Canals
divided the city in the four
cardinal directions. The central
plaza was not the only
administrative and religious center in
Tenochtitlan. In the center of each of the four surrounding quadrants there was also
a central plaza(Smith 197). The Incas also chose to organize their city layouts along
gridlines in their early empire.
3.2.4 Market Place and Public space
Each calpulli had its own tiyanquiztli (marketplace).There were also specialized
markets in the other central Mexican cities.
In the center of the city were the public buildings, temples and prostis. Inside a
walled square, 300 meters to a side, was the ceremonial center. There were about
45 public buildings including: the Templo Mayor, which dedicated to the Aztec
Rough sketch of the map
of tenochtitlan

patron deity Huitzilopochtli and the Rain God Tlaloc, the temple of Quetzalcoatl,
the tlachtli (ball game court) with the tzompantli or rack of skulls, the Sun Temple,
which was dedicated to Tonatiuh, the Eagle's House, which was associated with
warriors and the ancient power of rulers, the platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice,
and some minor temples. Outside was the palace of Moctezuma with 100 rooms,
each one with its own bath, for the lords and ambassadors of allies and
conquered people. Also located nearby was the cuicalli or house of the songs,
and the calmecac.
The city had a great symmetry. All constructions had to be approved by the
calmimilocatl, a functionary in charge of the city planning. It planned everything
that needed to be done, as of today.
3.2.5 Chinampa
Chinampa is a method of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small,
rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in
the Valley of Mexico.
Sometimes referred to as "floating gardens," chinampas were artificial islands that
usually measured roughly 98 ft × 8.2 ft (29.9 m × 2.5 m). Chinampas were used by
City
4 Zone
(Campan)
- Market Place
-Public
building(shrine)
Model of Tenochtitlan show its great symmetry

the Aztecs.In Tenochtitlan, the chinampas ranged from 300 ft × 15 ft (91.4 m × 4.6
m) to 300 ft × 30 ft (91.4 m × 9.1 m). They were created by staking out the shallow
lake bed and then fencing in the rectangle with wattle. The fenced-off area was
then layered with mud, lake sediment, and decaying vegetation, eventually
bringing it above the level of the lake.
Chinampas were separated by channels wide enough for a canoe to pass. These
"islands" had very high crop yields with up to 7 crops a year. Chinampas were
commonly used in pre-colonial Mexico and Central America.
It has been
estimated
that 10’000
hectares of
chinampa
fields, under
intensive
cultivation,
would have
been
sufficient to
supply half a
million
peoples with
basic food
staples.
3.3 Information and element that I used to my new future city
From the research of this ancient city, Tenochtitlan, I extracted 3 of the element that
suitable to propose to my X- Town:
 Chinampa
I choose this element because it solved the problem of lack of land to
grow crops in my future city
 Well-organized and Centralized city layout
 Underground water channel to deliver clean water
 Aqueducts to store clean water

9.1 About the city
Venice is a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated
by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which
stretches along the shoreline, between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers.
Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The
city in its entirety is listed as a World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon. It is also an
only car-free city in the Europe.
4.2 Layout of the city
Venice has one of the most confusing, frustrating, and unfathomable
layouts of any city on Earth.
On the surface, it looks simple enough: a few big islands wrapped around
the sweeping backward-S curve of the breathtaking, palace-lined Canale
Grande (Grand Canal), with lots of smaller canals—nearly 180 of them—
worming their way through those islands across a tangle of alleys.
Venice lies 2.5 miles from dry land, connected to the mainland sister city of
Venezia-Mestre by the Ponte della Libertà, which leads to Piazzale Roma—
the only bit of Venice accessible by car.
Investigation & Data Collection:
Present Towns : Venice

ZONING of the city:
1) San Marco: - The centre of Venice
- Tourism area
2)Castello: -The east of San Marco
- Residential area and less expensive hotel area
- old ship-building sector of the city—still a navy yard
3)Dorsoduro: -Most southern of the city
-residential area
4)Cannaregio: - above the top curve of the Grand Canal's backward
S
-Train station
5) San Polo: - commercial district
6) Santa Croce: -industrial area
4.3 Construction of the city
In order to have their buildings on a solid foundation, the Venetians first drove
wooden stakes into the sandy ground. Then, wooden platforms were constructed on
top of these stakes. Finally, the buildings were constructed on these platforms. A
17th century book which explains in detail the construction procedure in Venice
demonstrates the amount of wood required just for the stakes. According to this
book, when the Santa Maria Della Salute church was built, 1,106,657 wooden stakes,
each measuring 4 metres, were driven underwater. This process took two years and
two months to be completed. On top of that, the wood had to be obtained from
the forests of Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro, and transported to Venice via
water. Thus, one can imagine the scale of this undertaking.

The secret to the longevity of Venice’s wooden foundation is the fact that they are
submerged underwater. The decay of wood is caused by microorganisms, such as
fungi and bacteria. As the wooden support in Venice is submerged underwater,
they are not exposed to oxygen, one of the elements needed by microorganisms to
survive. In addition, the constant flow of salt water around and through the wood
petrifies the wood over time, turning the wood into a hardened stone-like structure.
4.3 Significant details of the town
4.3.1 Drainage
Venice is very unique in terms of its sewage disposal; the canals are the main way
waste is disposed of in Venice, though new technology has improved the sewage
aspect of Venice's infrastructure. Below shows the process to dispose household
waste in Venice:
The Structure of building’s
foundation in Venice

Waste water from houses and buildings travel down the house.
The waste reaches the sewer system underground.
The sewage collects in these tunnels and flows into the canals

Household waste is washed out into the ocean twice a day with the tides,
exchanging old water with new water.
4.3.2 Sea wall: MOSE Project
MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical
Module) is a project intended to protect the city of Venice, Italy, and the
Venetian Lagoon from flooding. The project is an integrated system consisting of
rows of mobile gates installed at the Lido, Malamocco and Chioggia inlets that
are able to temporarily isolate the Venetian Lagoon from the Adriatic Sea during
high tides. Together with other measures such as coastal reinforcement, the
raising of quaysides, and the paving and improvement of the lagoon, MOSE is
designed to protect Venice and the lagoon from tides of up to 3 metres (9.8 ft).
MOSE consists of rows of mobile gates at the three inlets, which temporarily
separate the lagoon from the sea in the event of a high tide. There will be a total
of 78 gates divided into four barriers. At the Lido inlet, the widest, there will be two
rows of gates of 21 and 20 elements respectively linked by an artificial island (the
island connecting the two rows of gates at the centre of the Lido inlet will also
accommodate the technical buildings housing the system operating plant); one
row of 19 gates at the Malamocco inlet and one row of 18 gates at the Chioggia
inlet. The gates consist of metal box-type structures 20 metres (66 ft) wide for all
rows, with a length varying between 18.5 and 29 metres (61 and 95 ft) and from
3.6 to 5 metres (12 to 16 ft) thick, connected to the concrete housing structures
with hinges, the technological heart of the system, which constrain the gates to
the housing structures and allow them to move.

Under normal tidal conditions, the gates are
full of water and rest in their housing
structures. When a high tide is forecast,
compressed air is introduced into the gates
to empty them of water, causing them to
rotate around the axis of the hinges and
rise up until they emerge above the water
to stop the tide from entering the lagoon.
When the tide drops, the gates are filled
with water again and return to their housing.
The inlets are closed for an average of
between four and five hours, including the
time taken for the gates to be raised (about
30 minutes) and lowered (about 15
minutes).
To guarantee navigation and avoid
interruption of activities in the Port of
Venice, when the mobile barriers are in
operation, a main lock is under construction
at the Malamocco inlet to allow the transit
of large ships, while at the Lido and
Chioggia inlets there will be smaller locks to
allow emergency vessels, fishing boats and
pleasure craft to shelter and transit.
Operating procedure dictates that the
gates will be raised for tides of more than
110 centimeters (43 in) high. The competent
authorities have established this as the
optimum height with respect to current sea
levels, but the gates can be operated for
any level of tide. The MOSE system is also flexible and depending on the winds,
atmospheric pressure and level of tide, it can oppose the high water in different
ways – with simultaneous closure of all three inlets in the case of exceptional tides,
by closing just one inlet at a time, or by partially closing each inlet—given that the
gates are independent—for medium-high tides.

4.4 Conclusion about the towns
In conclusion, Venice considered as a good city. The history of the city is well
preserved and there were less carbon emission as it is a car free zone. However,
there are several things that need to improve, such as the drainage system. The
traditional drainage is not hygienic because it disposes the sewage to the
seawater without any sewage treatment.
4.5 What information or element that you can use to your new
town
I choose 3 elements to propose to my X-town design, that is :
 Underground drainage system
 Seawall (but in membrane form)
 Zoning

1)Lilypad by Vincent Callebaut
An ecologically friendly floating city able to house 50,000 people completely self-
sufficiently. Inspired by the lilypad of the Amazonia Victoria Regia but enlarged over
250 times, the city is aesthetically pleasing while producing more energy than it
consumes and cleanly recycling most of its waste products.
Lilypad was designed for the Oceans 2008 conference to meet the four main
environmental challenges as seen by the Organization of Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD): climate change, the lack of fresh water, biodiversity, and
health.
Investigation & Data Collection:
The future of towns and Better Towns:

With global sea levels predicted to rise significantly over the next century due to
climate change, a lot of people living in low lying areas are expected to be
displaced from their homes. Architect Vincent Callebaut has come up with a
possible relocation destination for these climate change refugees in the form of the
“Lilypad” concept – a completely self-sufficient floating city that would
accommodate up to 50,000.
With a shape inspired by the highly ribbed leaf of Victoria water lilies, the double skin
of the floating “ecopolis” would be made of polyester fibers covered by a layer of
titanium dioxide (TiO2), which would react with ultraviolet rays and absorb
atmospheric pollution via a photocatalytic effect in the same way as the air-purifying
concrete and paving stones we looked at last year.
Three marinas and three mountains would surround a centrally located artificial
lagoon that is totally immersed below the water line to act as ballast for the city. The
three mountains and marinas would be dedicated to work, shopping and
entertainment, respectively, while suspended gardens and aquaculture farms
located below the water line would be used to grow food and biomass.
The floating city would also include the full complement of renewable energy
technologies, including solar, thermal, wind, tidal, and biomass to produce more
energy than it consume.
Centred around a lake which collects and then purifies rain water, the Lilypad will
drift around the world following the ocean currents and streams.
1.2 Inspiration of the project
The design of the city is inspired by the
shape of the great Amazonia Victoria
Regia lilypad.
The giant lilypad, in the family of
nymphpaeaceae, with very large green
leaves that lie flat on the water's surface.
Victoria amazonica has a leaf that is up to
3 m (9.8 ft) in diameter, on a stalk 7–8 m
(22.9-26.2 ft) in length. The leaf of Victoria
is able to support quite a large weight due

to the plant's structure, although the leaf itself is quite delicate. To counter the fragile
nature of the leaf, the weight needs to be distributed across the surface through
mechanical means, such as a sheet of plywood. This allows the leaf to support up to
70 pounds.
The architect incorporate this feature into his future city design to make it floatable.
The below diagram show how was the city will build with the design inspire by lilypad.
1.3 Elements inspire my idea of X-town
 Underground air sac that act as ballast to make the town float
 Titanium dioxide cladding of my town building
 Solar roof
2) The Underwater Skyscraper by Sarly Adre Bin Sarkum

The underwater skyscraper that harvests renewable energy and grows its own food. Touted
as a self-sufficent floating city, Sarly Adre Bin Sarkum’s Water-Scraper utilizes a variety of
green technologies. It generates its own electricity using wave, wind, and solar power and it
produces its own food through farming, aquaculture, and hydroponic techniques. The
surface of the submerged skyscraper sustains a small forest, while the lower levels contain
spaces for its inhabitants to live and work. The building is kept upright using a system of
ballasts aided by a set of squid-like tentacles that generate kinetic energy.
The architects “envision a future where land as a resource will be scarce; it is only natural
progression that we create our own. Approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface is ocean, even
more if climate change has its way, hence it is only natural progression that we will populate
the seas someday.” As anyone who has seen Waterworld will attest, it’s a grim future indeed
— which is why it’s essential that we do what we can to stem the course of the world’s rising
tides.
5.2 Elements that inspired the idea of my X-town
 System of ballast aided by a set of squid-like tentacles – To generate Kinetic
Energy and make the town float
 Vertical zoning
---THE NOAH---
6.1 Overview
According bible, Noah ark is a ship that is sacred and firm to withstand the any
natural disaster as well as keep creatures inside it safe. I named my town as ‘The
Noah’ because it will to provide shelter for future climate change refugees. In the
future, the land of the earth will no longer livable because of the pollution, natural
disaster, rising of the sea level. In order to solve this problem, I design my town to be
floating on the sea far away from land or near the coastal. It is shield by a layer of
nano membrane that protects the town from ultraviolet ray and natural disaster such
as tsunami so that the harsh environment will not affect the condition of the town. It
is a hexagonal town that centralized by a telecommunication park and vista. The
The New “X” Town

seawall surrounded form a boundary of the town. The town consist of a central
business district, industrial area, agriculture area (centre and beside residential area),
recreational area, artificial beach, energy processing area, research and control
centre, and 6 residential area. The 6 residential areas are placed surrounded the
central business district to maximize the accessibility of the residents to the central
business district. The central business district is the busiest area of the city as it consist
business and trade centre, largest commercial area in town and government
administration. All the areas of the city are well linked by the underground train and
magnetic road for private mobile car.
The Noah is a city that surround with green area to provide enough oxygen and
foods for the citizen, some of the green area function as recreational area.
Furthermore, the Noah is design according the zero carbon emission concept and
self energy sustain concept. All the vehicles in the town didn’t not emit carbon
dioxide so the air quality of the town is good. All the building in the town are clad in
titanium dioxide concrete, which is able to neutralize pollution, turning harmful smog
into harmless compounds that can be washed away by react with the sunlight. So
that the city always stay clean and the air is cleaner.
The Noah also equipped with abundant technology to prepare it to cope with
various disaster such as nano membrane shield that protect the town against
tsunami.
Moreover, it also reserves an area for research and control centre to make sure the
infrastructure and facilities runs smooth. The control centre will have the equipment
and device that inspect the condition of the town gradually, and provide
maintenance for all elements in the town. Therefore, the town will operate smoothly
over hundreds of years. The research centre will explore the new technologies and
conduct research for the better life of the citizen in the future.

6.1.2 Zoning
There are 15 types of area in the town. Telecommunication tower and vista located in
the centre of the town to smooth the telecommunication process. The health centre,
universities and other education institutes, business centre, religious centre,
commercial area, and the government administration centre located in the town
central to ensure citizen from all the area easy to assess to it. The residential area
located in between the areas
that require human energy to provide dwelling that nearest working place to the
workers. Recreational area and artificial beach located nearby the business and
commercial area but far from educational area, health centre to provide a peaceful
environment to the student and patient. The industrial area, research and control
centre, and the energy and water processing area are more related so they located
close to each other. Agriculture centre and sewage processing centre are located in

the same area because the sewage processing centre provide fertilizer for
agriculture centre. Furthermore, some of agriculture area located nearby residential
area to provide most fresh and healthy food for the residents.
6.1.3 Support system
1) Ballast system
The town is floating on the water by indicating ballast system. All the area beneath
consist an air sac or ballast tank and covered with a thick hull to ensure it floating on
the water.
2) Squid-like tentacles
Itt have 2 function, the main function is to provide addition support to the residential
area and additional function is to generate electrical energy from kinetic energy.
(Refer to pg 22)
3) Honeycomb structure on the surface that submerge in the water
Biomimicry
concept is apply
on the town, the
inspiration of the
design is get from
the giant lily pad
The Honey comb
structure must
construct with light
weight material so it
does not sink

6.2 Inspiration
Before I design my city, I get my inspiration from website images
that are related to my city building concept : Green building
concept.

6.3 Significant characteristics and elements
6.3.1 Town Central
The town central is the central area of the town that consist of government
administration centre, business and trade centre, commercial area, health
centre(hospital), education centre(university), telecommunication centre,
public hall and religious centre.
This area is highly accessible because the centre station of the train is
located at here.
The central park will be the tourism highlight as it is the largest park in the
town and the highest building in the town, telecommunication tower and
vista located at here too. It also functions as recreational area for the
citizen work in the surrounding area. It also functions as water discharge
area to collect excesses rainwater. There have an ample underground
parking space for the citizens who drive to work. The plaza in front of each
centre can provide a walking space for the citizen and to hold some events.
Government administration centre and public hall are linked because they
are public building, Business centre and commercial area are linked
because they are most busiest area.

6.3.2 Agriculture
There are floating forest surround the town to produce food and oxygen.
It locates nearby the residential area to provide fresh and healthy food for the
residents. Furthermore, the floating forest increase the aesthetic value of the town
Zoning of the town central

The town has science research
centre to renovate the agriculture
system to produce more crop in
short time.
The agriculture area contain green house, live stock breeding area, fisheries,
and various research centre.
Green house is the place to plant crops that require special condition to
grow. Live stock breeding area rear animal for food. Fisheries are the place
that cultivates seafood.

6.3.2 Transportation
Public transportation: Underground Magnetic train
Transportation Route Cross section of transportation tube
Walking space/ Train station
Underground train
Electrical wire
Water pipe
Sewage pipe
Cargo Pipe
Underground train station located under each residential area.
 Convenience for residents to travel to the central city to work and school

Private transportation: 1) On ground magnetic car
2) Bicycle
Magnetic car only travel on
specific land with magnetic
field:
 Zero carbon emission
 No energy required
 Less probability of car
accident as all car move
in constant speed
 Express lane for
emergency such as
ambulance and fire car
Bicycle used for short
distance
transportation
 Convenience
 Bicycle lane
provide in the
central town to
reduce the
needs of car
park
 Avoid traffic
jam

6.3.3 Residential area
There were 6 residential areas in the town. Each area able to
accommodate up to 25’000 residents. It is well equipped by various
infrastructures such as park, religion area, parking, sport area, shops, school,
health centre, playground and train station. The sewage produced will
transfer to the underground sewer. The sewer then joins our network of other
sewers and takes the wastewater to a sewage treatment centre.The excess
water and energy will be store beneath the tower for emergency uses.

6.3.4 Park
1) Linear Park
A linear park will connect
the residential area to
the central of the town.
The park provides a
public space for citizen
for recreational purpose.
Sitting area, bicycle path,
magnetic road and
green area are provided.
This will be a tourism
highlight of the town.

6.3.5 Renewable Energy
a) Solar energy
Solar panel placed on top of the roof of the building in the town and the sea wall
to generate electrical energy.
b) Biomass fuel
Biomass fuel is
generating from the
sewage disposed. It is
used to generate energy
for the town. It is
generated in sewage
processing area
c) Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is generated from the
residential area. It generated by a set of
squid-like tentacles that aided to keep the
building upright. It is generated in residential
area
d) Wave energy
Wave energy is generated by the turbine at sea wall.(Refer to pg36)
Solar panel that
located on the roof of
all the building in the
city

6.3.6 Wireless electricity
In my city, there is electricity wire underground for industrial uses but all domestic
electrical usage is using wireless electricity.
The reason to use wireless electricity is to reduce wastage of the energy while
transmission of energy through wire. However, the electrical energy used by
industrial area must use underground wire to transfer it because the amount of
energy required is abundant.
The electrical energy produced by energy processing centre will convert into laser
beam and send to photovoltaic cell panel. Then it will send to the users via laser
beams. Therefore no wire required for the domestic electricity usage.
6.3.6 Sea wall
The sea wall is a structure that locate surround the city. There are solar panels on top
of it, while buoyant that used to convert wave energy to electrical energy attached
with the sea wall underwater. There is also a nano particles disperse machine
located at every corner of the hexagonal shape seawall.
Function of the sea wall :
 Disperse nano particle membrane wall that acts as shield of the city
 Generate wave energy
 Treat sea water into drinkable water
From electricity
processing centre
For domestic uses

1) Desalination
Desalination is the process that removes some amount of salt and
other minerals from saline water. There are several method to purify
water by desalination, I apply reverse osmosis technology to purify
water in my town as have lower energy consumption compared to
other method. Reverse osmosis technology apply by using semi
permeable membranes and pressure to separate salts from water.
2) Nanotechnology Membrane
Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration based method that uses nanometer sized cylindrical
through-pores that pass through the membrane at a 90°.
In future, it may apply to become an UV shield and tsunami barrier.
Zero Emission
desalinated water
CETO Technology Hydraulic Motor
Sea water intake
Buoyant that used to generate wave
energy.
It is attached to the sea wall.

How the Nano particles acts as
the shield of the town ?

6.3.7 Drainage
The sewage of the city will collect by the underground sewer that connected to
sewage processing centre. The sewage from the residential area and recreational
area will transfer into fertilizer catalyst to process into fertilizer for agriculture centre.
The sewage from industrial area and science research centre are usually not
suitable to process into fertilizer so it will be burn into fuel then send to fertilizer
catalyst to provide energy needed by it.
All the sewage processing area is located underground to guarantee the living
quality of the citizen.

6.3.8 Industrial area
The industrial area of my town differentiate into 2 categories, one is light industrial
area and industrial companies, which manufactory product that does not causing
any pollution to the environment; one is heavy industrial area which located
underground because there will causing slightly pollution to the environment. The
reason it located underground is to collect the pollutant efficiently and send it to
sewage processing centre as soon as possible to create an unpolluted
environment to the citizen. The beneath of the heavy industrial area is the cargo.
The cargo is used to store all the products manufactured before it send to
commercial area.
The industrial
area is
surrounding by
green area and
parks. The
function of the
green area is to
purify the air
surrounding,
improve the
aesthetic sense
of the
environment and
provide a
recreational area
for the workers in
the area.
Each factory
have their own
sewage, water,
cargo pipe that
link to 3 main
pipes that
connect with the
transportation
tube.

6.3.9 Recreational Area
The recreational area consists of Water Park, theme park, stadium, artificial lake,
park and green area, opera house and theatre, library, museum, and train station.
6.3 Conclusion of my new X-Town
In summary, the Noah is suitable for human living because it is fulfill the basic needs of
humans such as clean air, water, food, dwellings, recreational needs, transportation etc.
Despite to be livable and sustainable city, The Noah consists of many interesting element
that make it unique. It have zero carbon emission transportation system, wireless electricity
technology, CETO technology that generate wave energy and purify the sea water and
nano membrane shield that protect city from tsunami and UV rays. Moreover, The Noah not
just functionally, it also cover with much of green area so its aesthetic value increase and the
citizen live in it will live more comfortably.
Zoning of recreational area

In conclusion, I learned a lot of knowledge about what make a city
better and how to design a city that are sustainability after I did the
research by the website in this few weeks.
That is important to design a city that fulfills the needs of human,
but we also cannot overlook the conservation and preservation of
nature in the urban design scheme. We should design a city that is
sustainable, and livable by both human and the nature.
Therefore, when we design the city, we should consider the green
area in our design. The green area not only benefits the wildlife but
also human because we cannot live without nature. Without nature,
we may die because we need oxygen and food from the nature.
Moreover, we should not destroy nature habitat when building a
city. Any structure and elements in the city should be environmental
friendly. For instance, I design the nano membrane shield
underwater that used to control the wave movement in the city but
at the same time, it does not destroy the marine life because they
can move in and out through the membrane.
The knowledge that I learned from this project will always remind
me to preserve nature in my future design because the nature is
extremely important to mankind.
Conclusion

http://www.newcolonist.com/topten2.html
http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/construction-venice-floating-
city-001750
http://www.tenochtitlanfacts.com/
http://ole-mexico.blogspot.com/2011/04/teotihuacan.html
http://www.iwaponline.com/ws/00701/ws007010147.htm
http://archive.rec.org/REC/Programs/SustainableCities/CharacteristicsCEE.html
http://dornob.com/enclosed-self-sustaining-floating-city-future-of-humanity/
http://dornob.com/floating-city-futurist-ocean-frontiers-high-seas-homes/
http://inhabitat.com/inhabitat-interview-water-architect-koen-olthuis-on-floating-
buildings-hydro-cities/koen-olthuis-maldives-island5-3/
http://inhabitat.com/lilypad-floating-cities-in-the-age-of-global-warming/
http://scienceinmyfiction.com/2010/08/02/tenochtitlan-and-floating-gardens/
https://www.courses.psu.edu/anth/anth008_cmg149/aten.html
http://www.public.asu.edu/~mesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-08-AzCityPlan-
Encyclopedia.pdf
http://cookjmex.blogspot.com/2012/10/mexico-city-part-2-aztec-capital-of.html
http://www.rptimes.com/rosarie-salerno/2011/08/the-magnificent-city-of-the-aztec-
empire/
http://m.blog.daum.net/stonehinge/8725523
http://www.livescience.com/34660-tenochtitlan.html
http://www.ancient.eu/Tenochtitl%C3%A1n/
http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Italy/Veneto/Venice-
140867/Transportation-Venice-TG-C-1.html
http://www.reidsitaly.com/destinations/veneto/venice/planning/venice_layout.html
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/extreme-machines/8-
ways-magnetic-levitation-could-shape-the-future-4#slide-6
https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/designing-the-world-s-first-floating-city
http://www.seasteading.org/engineering/
http://www.unisdr.org/files/25027_04maintenance.pdf
http://vimeo.com/21688538
http://www.venipedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sewage_disposal
http://www.economist.com/node/21540395
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=663262
http://thefutureofthings.com/6083-lilypad-floating-city-of-the-future/
http://vincent.callebaut.org/page1-img-lilypad.html
http://inhabitat.com/underwater-skyscraper-is-a-self-sufficient-city-at-sea/
http://www.gizmag.com/palazzo-italia-milan-expo-smog-purifying-facade/32204/
Reference Links

http://www.mediafire.com/view/lyi7pmsme7b0njq/IOTMS2010_abstact.pdf
http://www.swide.com/art-culture/architecture/top-5-eco-buildings-and-skyscrapers-
with-gardens/2013/07/24
http://econews.com.au/news-to-sustain-our-world/government-waving-10m-at-
energy-projects/
http://carnegiewave.com/index.php?url=/ceto/what-is-ceto
http://www.art.net/~hopkins/Don/simcity/manual/history.html
http://bolidtbooster.com/lilypad-floating-city-concept.html
http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2013/01/11/urban-transit-of-the-future-12-
intriguingly-efficient-ideas/
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyday-tech/wireless-power3.htm
http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2010/ph240/ma1/
http://www.cement.org/cement-concrete-basics/products/self-cleaning-concrete

I produce a digitally collage drawing of the 3d view of my new X-town.
Process

ENBE REPORT.pdf

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ENBE REPORT.pdf