ENBE Final Project Individual Proposal

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Content:
Introduction 3
A City 4-5
Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities
Chan Chan, Peru 6-7
Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities
Copenhagen, Denmark 8-9
Melbourne, Australia 10
Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities
Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid 11-13
Case study on the selected type of the future
The Floating City Project 14- 19
The Avalon 20- 22
The Conclusion 23
References list 24

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1. INTRODUCTION
The is the final project for FNBE February 2014 batch in semester 1. In
this project, we have to build our future city which is main focus on
sustainable and livable.
To build the future city, I have to do a lot of case study and research
such as the vicissitude of a city and how to make the city sustainable and
livable and it also related to the technologies and management of the
government to maintain the city.
It’s very important for students to understand the importance of sustain
and conserve because when we continuously develop our city we will forget
our mother nature. Mahatma Gandhi said “Earth provides enough to satisfy
every man's need, but not every man's greed”. If we keep on destroy our
mother nature and we wouldn’t know what will come in the future. That’s why
we are having ENBE(Elements of Natural and Built Environments) in FNBE.

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2. THE CITY
2.1 The City Definition
City is a place where people live that is larger or more important than a
town; an area where many people live and work. Cities are the centers of
the world’s economy. They are sites of production, the central nodes in
services and distribution networks and the command points from which
economic decisions are made.
2.2 History of city
A city formed as central places of trade for the benefit of the members
living in close proximity to others facilities interaction of all kinds.
Uruk is the world’s first city which founded in 4th millennium BC. Uruk was
extremely well penetrated by a canal system that has been described as
“Venice in the dessert”. This canal system flowed throughout the city
connecting it with the maritime trade on the ancient Euphrates River as
well as the surrounding agricultural belt.
Mohenjo-daro existed from about 2600 BC, was one of the largest, with a
population of 50,000 or more. The sheer size of the city, and its provision of
public buildings and facilities, suggests a high level of social organization.
The city divided into 2 parts, the so-called Citadel and the Lower City. The
Citadel- a mud-brick mound around 12 metres (39ft) high- is known to
have supported public baths, a large residential structure designed to
house about 5,000 citizens, and two large assembly halls. The city had a
central marketplace, with a large central well. Individual households or
groups of households obtained their water from smaller wells. Waste water
was channeled to covered drains that lined the major streets. Some
houses, presumably those wealthier inhabitants, include rooms that
appear to have been set aside for bathing, and one building had an
underground furnace (known as a hypocaust), possibly for heated
bathing. Most houses had inner courtyards, with doors that opened onto
side-lanes. Some buildings had 2 stories.
2.3 What makes a city?
Louis Wirth, the sociologist states that cities are defined by four
characteristic:
(1) Permancence
(2) Large population size
(3) High population density
(4) Social heterogeneity
2.4 What makes a good city?

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A good city is made by a secure water supply and sanitation system. A
solid economy. A transportation network on every level. A strong tax base.
Good to great schools. Better then good police protection. Affordable
housing, A built in arts and culture environment, affordable medical, social
services, sanitation and fire protection. A community spirit, a Love Thy
Neighbor attitude, planning and management that is pro-active.
2.5 What is the future city?
For me, future city can be either a high-tech city or a sustainable city.
Technologies become more and more advanced and at the same
moment our mother nature is being destroyed. What we can to is to
create a city which will bring less impact to the earth. A future city can
defined based on a good transportation which is walking, cycling,
infrastructure promoting transit and other alternatives to car use, highly
energy-efficient buildings, on-site energy generation from such renewable
sources such as solar, wind and geothermal energy renewable off-site
energy supply which include low-impact hydropower, wind power and
solar power, waste cycling, green roofs, rainwater harvesting, water
recycling, locally processed materials, healthy indoor air quality and old
buildings made energy efficient.
2.6 Positive and negative externalities of city
These are the positive externalities of city:
(1) Reduced transport costs
(2) Exchange of ideas
(3) Sharing natural resources
(4) Large local markets
(5) Development & amenities such as running water and sewage
disposal
These are the negative externalities of city:
(1) Higher rate of crime
(2) Higher mortality rates
(3) Higher cost of living
(4) Worse pollution
(5) Traffic and high commuting times

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3. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION:
ANCIENT CITIES
Chan Chan, Peru
Chan Chan is founded about in ninth century. It is one of the largest cities
in the ancient world, and was the largest pre-Columbian city in South
America.
3.1 What makes is a significant city and what are the details?
The cities were elaborately planned, with large, flat-topped buildings for
the nobility and intricately decorated adobe pyramids serving as temples.
The Chimu paneled their temples with gold and cultivated palace

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gardens where even the plants and animals were made from precious
metals.
The city walls were brightly painted, and the style of architecture and relief
decoration is sometimes ascribed to the fact that the Mochica migrated
from Central America into this area, bringing them knowledge and ideas
from a more advanced civilization, like the Maya. At its most properous
moment, the city of Chan Chan may have accommodated as many as
60,000 residents.
The site of the city received less than one tenth of an inch of rainfall each
year, on average, but the Chimu people undertook a project to divert the
nearby Chicama River, and constructed irrigation channels which
supplied water, the city, aside from its water problem, which, when solved,
allowed enough water into the area to grow crops in neighbouring fields,
was very prosperous.
The Chimu inherited ideas and techniques from a host of previous cultures
along the coast, including the Mochica, and, most importantly, adapted
the techniques from many generations of trial and error in irrigating the
Moche Valley. In the desert, access to a regular water supply was critical
in development of an urban civilization like that of Chan Chan, whose
very existence depended on extracting water not only from Rio Moche
but also, via a complicated system of canals and aqueducts, from the
neigbouring Chicama Valley.
3.2 Conclusion about Chan Chan, Peru
The ancients are very smart by finding solutions to overcome their
problems. Chimu built canals and aqueducts to convey water from one
location to another. The rise of most of the ancient city is caused by their
water system.
3.3 Information or element for my new future city
Water system

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PRESENT CITIES
Copenhagen, Denmark
Copenhagen is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with an
urban population of 1,246,611 and a metropolitan population of 1,969,941.
Copenhagen is a well-known green city in the world. 50% of
Copenhagener commutes daily by cycling. They are born and raised into
a biking culture. As kids, many Copenhageners are carried on a parent’s.
A few years later, kids are for the first time set free on their own two wheels.
By the time these young Copenhageners start school, most are confident
enough in biking that they bike the short route between home and school
each day. Copenhageners think that “biking is a much faster and more
convenient way of getting around.”

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Copenhagen applies few green technology or sustainable effort in their
daily life. The buildings receive its outside energy supply from wind farms
off the coast of the city and from second-generation biomass facilities. A
water basin next to the building which collects rainwater for use in toilets
and washing machines (An average citizen uses 33 litres each day to flush
the toilet and 19 litres for washing clothes. Instead of using pure drinking
water for these purpose, a big portion is replaces by the rainwater.)
Green walls, green roofs and rooftop gardens are a natural part of
building design in Copenhagen. Rooftop solar panels in Copenhagen are
a mix of solar collectors heating water for the buildings and photovoltaic
panels providing electricity. Buildings meet LEED (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design) requirements.
Energy-efficient windows, skylights and glass walls which ensure optimal
exploitation of daylight and create natural heating of the building through
sunlight.
4.2 Conclusion about Copenhagen
Copenhagener are smart which they’ve already used cycling as their
transportation few years ago. This can reduce the amount of CO2 in the air
which can make the city more sustainable and livable. Besides that, they
use green technologies in their buildings and also daily life.
Green technologies applied in Copenhagen, cycling culture and
walkability

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Melbourne, Australia
Melbourne is the world’s most livable city.
These are the reasons why Melbourne is the most livable city in the world:
(1) Stability: Melbourne is commonly considered a reasonably safe city.
(2) Healthcare: Melbourne has good facilities on healthcare.
(3) Culture: Melbourne is an international cultural centre.
(4) Environment: Melbourne government has a lot of good plans to
overcome the environment problems.
(5) Education: Melbourne has a lot of famous university with ranking in the
world.
(6) Transport: Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based
around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems.
4.5 Conclusion about Melbourne
Melbourne meets every requirements for a livable city for human which is
needed for my future city.
The 6 criteria of the livable city

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FUTURE CITIES
Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid
The Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega-City Pyramid is a hypothetical project for
construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The structure
would be more than 14 times as high as the Great Pyramid at Giza, and
would house 1,000,000 people. The structure would be 2000 meters (6,561 feet)
above mean sea level, including 5 stacked trusses, each with similar
dimensions to that of the great pyramid of Giza. This pyramid would help
answer Tokyo's increasing lack of space, although the project would only
handle 1/47th of the Greater Tokyo Area's population.
(1) Plentiful Sunlight and Air Provided by Truss Construction

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The basic design of the TRY 2004 is based on a combination of regular
octahedral units, each measuring 350 meters per side. Each
octahedral unit is formed by vertically joining two square pyramids at
their bases. These units are then combined both vertically and laterally
to enable flexible expansion to suit specific purposes.
The wind-permeable design reduces wind load, while each
octahedral unit supports an integrated building on all sides. Together
with vibration-control devices installed at optimal points, the
construction method used reduces the vibration and distortion to
which various airborne structures are subjected.
(2) Smooth, Efficient Transportation and Distribution Systems
To move vertically within the city, people will use a continuous
circulatory transportation system that incorporates elevators in
diagonal shafts. Residents will use a new linear-motor transportation
system set up inside the horizontal shafts to move laterally.
To move from a node to a building, people will use moving walkways,
escalators, or corridors. Those within buildings will use elevators.
The distribution system established in the city will rely on a continuous
circulatory transport system for vertical conveyance. Then, at each
node, the automatic transfer loader will place packages onto a
container carriage or conveyor belt for automatic delivery in the
horizontal direction.
Transportation within the city would be provided by accelerating
walkways, inclined elevators and a personal rapid transit (also called
personal automated transport or podcar, is a public transportation
concept that offers on-demand, non-stop transportation, using small,
independent vehicles on a network of specially-built guideways)
system where automated pods would travel within the trusses.
5.2 Conclusion about Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid

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Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid has a highly efficient transport system which
there have a lot of nodes. Nodes and linkages play an important role in
future city. Nodes have a hierarchy related to their importance and
contribution to urban functions, such as production, management,
retailing and distribution.
The nodes and linkages

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6. CASE STUDY ON THE SELECTED TYPE OF THE
FUTURE CITY
The Floating City Project
6.1 Concrete was selected as the material to build the floating platforms for its
balance of stability, cost and maintenance.
The report contains an environmental analysis of characteristics of the ocean
which are to be avoided because they add expense (i.e., waves, tide, depth
, wind), along with positive characteristics, such as precipitation (for water coll
ection), sunlight (for solar panels) and wind (for wind turbines).
6.2 What is the interesting part and important consideration
There are six most important objectives are: movability,
dynamic geography, growth, seakeeping, safety, and water experience.

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(1) Movability

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(2) Dynamic geography

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(3) Seakeeping

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(4) Water experience

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(5) Growth development
The ‘ship’ or ‘raised platform’ structures need to be constructed and financed
at once and are difficult to expand. Smaller structures, which may be
protected by a breakwater or combined to one large structure, allow for
much more gradual growth. For a gradual strategy, a modular system
consisting of smaller parts is more suitable than large structures that are
constructed at once.
(6) Safety
Safety is on one hand providing a reliable floating structure and a living
environment where people can safely move around and enjoy their life. It
is equally important to protect the floating city from environmental
hazards like large waves, storms, and even hurricanes. Therefore it is
important to move away fast enough to avoid a hurricane.

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7. THE AVALON
7.1 How did you came up with the solution to create this new city?
The city is polluted and the sea level is keep on rising because of the
increase of temperature. The city will sink in 20 years and I’m the mayor
and I’m going to create a new city for my peoples.
7.2 Why is it on water?
The sea level is rising and a floating on water city is safer.
7.3 What is the important characteristic and elements
It is in a circular shape with 35km2 with population 250,000. I’ll be focus on
the transportation of the city because transportation is the major emission
of GHG of earth. By reduce GHG, we are able to create a more healthier
city. Besides that, green technologies will be applied in my city.
(1) Transportation & networking:
To make the city walkable, walk paths and cycle ways will be built
beside the road and some pedestrian bridges are used to connect
from a place to the another. I’ll encourage my citizen to use the public
transport by build some MRT station in my city and tram.

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The transportation link of the city which black represents the MRT
station, red represents the north-south link, yellow represents the
east-west link, blue represents the “eye” link, turquoise
represents the port and purple represents the major road. There
are also airport in the city.
(2) Green spaces and forest
Green spaces is the second focus part of my city. 30% of my city would
be a green spaces and forest. Factory will surrounded by the forest
which trees can absorb the gases that emitted by the factory. There
are also green spaces in the commercial and business area for
peoples to have a break there.
There are green walls and glass wall apply in the buildings. The blue
colours parts are the cycleway which built beside the road and the
walk paths.
(3) Green technologies
Green walls and green roofs as a guidance for my city. LEED
technologies apply in the buildings. Energy-efficient windows, skylights
and glass wall which allow the exploitation of sunlight and keep the
room warm. Solar panel on the top of buildings.

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7.4 Conclusion about the Avalon
Avalon isn’t a city with futuristic buildings and elements but it’s a city which
is sustainable and livable. In my opinion, the management and
development of a city is important than a design since we would not want
a polluted although it is an elegant, beautiful city. So Avalon is a simple
city but is eco-friendly and sustain.

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8. CONCLUSION
What everyone should learn is the knowledge about the green
technologies. We can apply these kind of green technologies in our buildings
and residential. Green technologies are good for our mother nature and it
can minimize the impact to the nature.
In my opinion, it’s more important to create a green and sustainable
city than a high tech city. Organisms needs a healthy and comfortable
lifestyle so only that they will able to create more and more things that will
bring advantages for themselves. A computer controlled network can builds
and manages the city very easy but once it gets hack then it will also destroy
the whole city.
What I’ve learned is some basic planning of the city such as different
kind of planning system, elements that must included in a sustainable and
livable future city.

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9. REFERENCE LINKS
Chan Chan: Capital City of the Chimu retrieved 24/4/2014
http://perugig.blogspot.com/2012/03/chan-chan-capital-city-of-
chimu.html
City retrieved 24/4/2014
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
Copenhagen retrieved 24/4/2014
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen
Floating City Project retrieved 25/4/2014
http://www.seasteading.org/floating-city-project/
Shimizu TRY 2004 Pyramid retrieved 25/4/2014
http://anarchytects.wordpress.com/2012/12/22/tokyo-mega-pyramid-
project-the-future-of-cities/
The Floating City Project retrieved 25/4/2014
http://seasteading.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/04/Floating-City-Project-Report-4_25_2014.pdf
TRY 2004 The "Pyramid City in the Air" Concept retrieved 25/4/2014
http://www.shimz.co.jp/english/theme/dream/try.html
Town Planning retrieved 25/4/2014
http://www.slideshare.net/DhruvSeth/town-planning-3
Uruk retrieved 24/4/2014
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruk
What is a city? Definitions of the urban retrieved 24/4/2014
http://wideurbanworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-is-city-definitions-of-
urban.html
What makes a good city? retrieved 24/4/2014
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_makes_a_good_city?#slide=1

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ENBE Final Project Individual Proposal