Allegro

Content:
1. Introduction
2. A Town - Investigation on Better Township or Town or City Guidelines and
Issues
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities/town
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present towns
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future and better township
6. The New “X” Town – ALLEGRO
- Overview
- Master Plan
- Views and Cross- Sections
- Zoning
- Topography and Green Spaces
- Transportation
- Green Services
- Green Plan
- Green Implementation
- Water Supply
- Perspective Sketches
7. The Conclusion
8. References list
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1.Introduction
Every town will need to sustain itself. Just like any living creature, a town is
unique and very alive. It grows, it populates and it needs the basic
requirements as for a city.
Every town is different whether it is the aim or structure. But to plan for a better
and livable town, one must first understand the problems faced by the past
and present town. This is to make an improvement for the present people and
the future generations. The town should focus on the needs of people,
facilities, infrastructures and how it can possibly sustain itself in the future. As a
town grows, overcrowding becomes a serious problem. It affects the
inhabitants and also the environment. Although a town is smaller than a city,
the challenges will be the same as the city just that it is in a smaller scale.
In this project, we are supposed to understand the structure of towns and
analyze the problems faced by the built environment which creates a great
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impact to the town itself. We are then supposed to plan our own livable town
which comprises of all the elements that makes it sustainable.
2.The Town
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2.1 The TOWN Definition
An urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local
government, and that is generally larger than a village and smaller than a
city. It has a lower complexity compared to a city.
Types of town
• Infantile towns, with no clear zoning
• Juvenile towns, which have developed an area of shops
• Adolescent towns, where factories have started to appear
• Early mature towns, with a separate area of high-class housing
• Mature towns, with defined industrial, commercial and various types
of residential area
2.2 What is the brief history
The first true towns are sometimes considered large settlements where the
inhabitants were no longer simply farmers of the surrounding area, but
began to take on specialized occupations, and where trade, food
storage and power were centralized.
2.3 What makes a town?
Generally in the urban hierarchy, towns are smaller than cities but
each country has its own definition of a city and an urban area. A town
is usually a place with a lot of houses, but not a city. In some places, it is a
kind of local government. The difference between towns and villages and
hamlets are the sort of economy they have. A town is a community of
people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it
may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. In many
areas of the world, a big village can have many more people than a small
town. It is also difficult to say if a place is a town because today, some
towns are becoming bigger, and in some places people live in a village or
near a town and work in the town.
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2.4 What makes a good town?
A good town is a town which is self-sustainable and capable of fulfilling
the needs of the people. A good town will also include a good jobs base
that will not die off. It should have an environment that can keep the
young there. Besides, it should also have a good sense of community such
as decent schools and social events. A good town will provide a future for
you and your kids to where they would not have a need to move
away to the big city to go after a so called better life jammed into tiny
apartment like a lemming. A good town should have a good layout
and proper systems so that one won’t have a fear of living in a town
that’s sinking into poorness.
2.5 What is a future town?
The most vital features of a future town isn't prettiness though. It is its
'survivability'. Could the future town or city survive if it was cut off for long
periods from the rest of the world? A future town should be able to fulfill
the needs of the people in a long run. Whether it is from the political,
economic or social point of view, it should be sustainable. The
environment should be taken into account as it affects the human and
also the future generations. Future towns need to have green features as
many present towns are getting congested and polluted.
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Dereham Town Old Town Square
3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities – Roman Paris
The case study Roman Paris is chosen as it has a water source for domestic
use and for transportation which is similar to the town that is going to be
proposed.
3.1 When did it start?
Paris was born with the development of the villages on La Cite. Crucial
architectural development stated during the reign of Philippe August in
the 12th century. In the 16th century Paris was in crisis: too small for its ever-
growing population, too vast for defense, too crowded for sanitation, and
had a lot of congestion. Efforts were made to improve conditions by
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requiring sewers and latrines, as well as the banishment of polluting
factories. This indicated development of some sort of organization in
planning focused on -restoring the quality of life.
3.2 What type of ancient city are you concentrating on?
City with the use of water source as the proposed town will be related to
water. How ancient people use their major source to sustain their city till
now is a part that I need to consider as my proposed town shall be
sustainable.
3.3 What makes it a significant city and what are the details?
It is a very complete city whereby it is well-planned. It has an aqueduct,
amphitheater, theater, houses, forum, rural settlements and other more
infrastructures. These infrastructures are the core of creating a livable
town. Paris is also the ideal transfer point between river and road, and
therefore of trade between North and South. The islets that made up the
present-day Île de la Cité formed a natural ford opening to the North and
the Plaine de France via the La Chapelle valley. So this is what makes it
present till today but more improved. The discovery of ancient roads, the
reconstruction of the boundaries of the main Early Roman monuments
and the path of certain medieval roads have all contributed to the
establishment of a theoretical, strictly orthogonal town grid. The basic unit
of this grid has been found everywhere in the Roman Paris.
3.4 What information or element that you can use to your better livable town?
Roman Paris is a town framed by a river which benefits the people there.
Similarly, the town that will be proposed will have a lake that will bring
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advantages to the people. People of Roman Paris manage to use the river as
a form of transportation but also preserve the natural beauty of the river till
today. This will be taken into consideration when planning the better livable
town as the lake should be remained untouched. Roman Paris is also part of
a complete multi-level network of waterways. the large alluvial plain that
spread out on both sides of the river was good land for farming. The
fluctuations of the Seine made this environment unstable but very rich
because it was favorable to many aspects of human habitation and trading.
The early history of Paris is one of successive implantations on the banks of the
Seine-the search for an active section of the river seemed to be one of the
primary considerations in choosing a place to live. The proposed town will
also put agriculture into consideration as the lands near the lake will be
suitable for crops to grow and there is constant water supply from the lake.
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Buildings built at that time.
The view of Roman Paris.

Present Town – SIEM REAP TOWN
4.1 When did it start? History and all
Siem Reap is a popular resort town with a lake called Tonle Sap. The Tonlé
Sap, "Large Fresh Water River", but more commonly translated as "Great
Lake") is a combined lake and river system of major importance to
Cambodia. It is located about 30 minutes from Siem Reap town centre and
has many attractions. Tonle Sap is a popular tourist attraction which leads it to
have a large number of hotels, restaurants and businesses closely related to
tourism. The Gecko Environment Center is a floating environment center
located in the province of Siem Reap on the Tonle Sap Lake. The goal of the
center is to promote environmental awareness among the local community
as well as visitors to the great lake.[
4.2 What town are you concentrating on?
A town whereby tourism is related to a lake. The main focus will be on how
the lake is being used as the main character in the town. The next focus
will be on the development of tourism and how it is being planned so that
it relates back to the main focus, which is the lake.
4.3 What makes it a significant town and what are the details?
Siem Reap Town focuses on tourism which is one of the sector that can
generate economy growth for the town. It can generate income through
tourism which can sustain its development. As it focuses on tourism, the
businesses also benefit from it.
4.4 What information or element that you can use to your new town?
The way Siem Reap town utilizes the lake. Tonle Sap acts as the main
water source for the surrounding areas. How the water system runs is
important. Besides that, as a tourist attraction spot, the landscape and
environment remain untouched. It is essential as a part of conservation of
nature while benefits the people.
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The future of towns and Better Towns
CASE STUDY: Many Ideas from Future Towns have been used as case studies
The supply of fresh water for example would need to be guaranteed and
locally sourced. A supply of fresh water would be problematic for a town if
they were cut off during a period of drought. How would a source be
guaranteed? It would perhaps be necessary to source several supply routes,
which would work simultaneously. Deep wells, desalination plants with large
pumping stations, effective rain water harvesting or supplies from an inland
fresh water source would all need to be used to keep fresh water supply
secure. But two of these options would rely on regular maintenance of the
supply infrastructure and therefore cannot, in isolation provide a complete
solution. Reuse of water through onsite sewage treatment plants, so that the
water available from rain or local reservoirs is used efficiently would perhaps
be the key source. Sewerage treatment plants are the norm in any town
anyway, so an adequate water sewerage treatment would be a key feature
of the future town. Environmentally sustainable treatments would of course
have to be employed. Water efficiency measures would also form a key part
of the water use strategy.
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‘Smart Town’
Town Square
Secondly the independent supply of electricity is also a major requirement.
There are several ways this can be done using the buildings themselves to
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supply the electricity, without outsourcing the supply. The object would be the
ability to cut off the building from a grid, as a matter of course. One of the
key parts of any design, must be a sealable, air tight skin, which can be
adjusted to counter extremes of weather conditions, which would contribute
significantly to use of energy to heat and cool the buildings. Also needed
would be a natural light source, meaning that large areas of glass would be
required. So glass technology would provide many of the essential features of
a survivable, livable structure.
Ground source heat pumps could also be installed to provide heating and
energy for the site. As the surface area of the structure would be quite large,
this would be a great way to provide energy for the buildings inside and
would be a constant and reliable source of heat and energy.
Also each town could have their own localized fuel cell electricity generators.
However, these require an input of gases such as butane and propane to
make them work, as hydrogen isn't something that is produced naturally. It is
a by-product of other gases and liquids, like natural gas, so this would be
something that would rely heavily on imported goods from elsewhere,
meaning there is only a slim chance there would be local supplies.
6.The New “X” Town
The proposed town will have a lake. The lake will be located in the center of the
town. It uses the radial grid system and it consists of two wings which are connected
by a lake. The entry point of the town is from the East.
Land size: 21.5 km²
Lake size: 4 km²
Population: 120,000
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The town is named Allegro. It is an Italian word which means lively or cheerful. It
hopes that the people living there are lively and cheerful too.
The lake is located in this town is named Lake Adagio. Adagio in Italian means slow.
In a way, the lake should be calm and slow just like its name.
As for the Lake Park, it is named Presto Park. Presto means quick in Italian. The Lake
Park should have a quick and lively feel which makes the main attraction of the
town lively.
THE CONCEPT
Self-sustainable smart town in an eco-friendly and comfortable living environment.
Landscape and Design criteria : 1. Nature conservation
2. Relaxed Street Landscape
3. Public Spaces
4. Universal Design
5. Saves Energy
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SUSTAINABLE
Reduce burden to mother Earth and
maintaining the beauty of nature.
SMART
• Combining lifestyle wisdom and
knowledge of advanced
technology
• Latest IT solutions
• Optimize energy usage

AIM: To provide a green and sustainable town with a lake as a tourist attraction
which will benefit the present and future generation.
The town focuses on tourism. It is the main source of economy as tourism is known as
the world’s largest industry.
For this proposed town, the main center of tourism will be at the 2nd
wing which is
nearer to the lake. Resorts and tourist attractions are located at the lakeside. The
tourists will get a better view of the lake from their resorts and it is easily accessible by
them. The lake park which is known as Presto Park is a recreational place whereby
people can go there for evening walks and to see the natural beauty of the park.
Based on the illustration above, there is only one entry point into the Presto Park.
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To prevent congestion, there are only small lanes for cars to travel, not mentioning
the bicycle lanes that are constructed all over the Presto Park for easy access. Only
half of the park is developed while the other half remains untouched.
THE MASTER PLAN
This is the master plan of the town. In it, the municipal boundary, the main entrance (
The Great Door) the main roads and lanes, the green areas and the average
height of the buildings.
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VIEWS AND CROSS SECTION
17
MAIN ENTRANCE
MAIN ROAD
LANES
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY

The views above ground and cross-section of the town is illustrated as below. It is
mainly surrounded with greenery. The cross- section also shows the topology of the
town.
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ZONING
The town is divided into 6 zones. The zones are placed in a way which benefits the
people as it is easily access by them.
The commercial area is stretch from the town center district which is located at the
entry point till around half of the circle. This is will make it easier for the people as
they can run errands more efficiently. In that way, they burn less fuel. There are also
commercial areas that are distributed near the residential area so that people don’t
need to congest the town center. In addition, the education, health and services
area will also be situated in this zone. In the town center district, there will be town
hall, municipal buildings, post office, court house, public library, social security office,
general hospital, fire department and other services.
The residential area is divided into 3 sections; upper class residential, middle class
residential and lower class residential. They are distributed throughout the town. The
upper class residences are located in the inner circle, closer to the lake so that
they’ll get a better view. The lower class residences are located near the services
and industry as most people work in these fields. It will be easier for them to go to
work. As for the middle class, they are mostly located near the town center district.
Between parts of residential areas, there will be community areas for residents to
gather.
In this proposed town, only light industry is available as the town should be less
polluted. Light industry is located far away from the residences.
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Public spaces are essential for a sustainable town. There is a central park located just
across the street of the town center district. There are a few pocket parks scattered
around the town. These places are where people can be closer to nature as most
of the parks are natural parks that are preserved since back then. As a town that
focuses on tourism, it has a lake park situated at the heart of the town.
The services in the town are mostly located far away from the city center or closer to
ends of the town. The water treatment plant is located by the lakeside as it needs to
process water from the lake. The solar energy generator is situated at the west side
of the town as it will get sufficient sunlight throughout the day. As for the agriculture,
the agricultural farm acts as the main food source for the town.
Tourism is the theme for the town as it emphasizes on the lake. Many tourist resorts
and attraction areas are set up around the lakeside.
There will be forest reserves and greenery at the north and south side of the town.
Here, the land remains untouched.
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Zoning illustrated in diagram for
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LEGEND
COMMERCIAL
TCD Town Center District
CBD Central Business District
GC General Commercial
EDU Educational Area
HS Health and Services
RESIDENTIAL
UR Upper Class Residential
MR Middle Class Residential
LR Lower Class Residential
INDUSTRY
LT Light Industry
PUBLIC SPACES
PA Park/ Recreational Areas
LP Lake Park
SERVICES
WT Water Treatment Plant
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RP Recycling Plant
SL Solar Energy Generating Plant
WD Wind Energy generating Plant
BM Biomass Energy Generating Plant
AG Agriculture
TOURISM
TR Tourist Resort
TA Tourist Attraction Areas
FR Forest Reserves and Greenery
TOPOGRAPHY AND GREEN SPACE
The town is not built on a piece of flat land but rather a curvy contour. The northern
and southern region of the town will be lower and as it extends to the town center it
gradually increases with height. The height drops again when approaching the inner
C curve. The topography is illustrated as below whereby the darker shades of green
represent lower grounds compared to the lighter shades of green. The brown
patches are bare ground.
The green spaces are distributed throughout the town. In some places, a linear park
is formed. Some parts even connects the parks together. Green space provides
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recreational areas for residents and helps to enhance the beauty and
environmental quality of neighborhoods.
Distribution of green spaces and the topography of town.
TRANSPORTATION
There are both underground and above ground systems in the town. There will be
two tunnels, Uno Tunnel and Duo tunnel running underground.
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Uno Tunnel – Only for cars to travel. It links part of the central town area to
reduce road congestion. It has two layers, each layer is for only
direction.
Duo Tunnel – Consists of both railway and bus. The bus will travel on the top
layer whereas the railway is at the lower layer. This system links
the whole town. The distance between stations of the bus will be
approximately 500m so that passengers can get off to nearer
places after taking the railway. The distance between the
railway stations are approximately 800m. The railway will be run
using the wind energy that is generated.
Both tunnels are covered with casings of steel and concrete. The structure and
technology used also meet quake resistant norms.
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26

UNO TUNNEL
DUO TUNNEL
As for the road system above ground, it is planned in a way that will reduce the risk
of accidents and congestion. It is also believed that traffic jams will decrease and
also for a more efficient traffic flow. The diagram below shows the sectional plan of
the road distribution. It is divided into 5 sections for different uses.
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The cross-sectional view of the
two underground tunnels.

THE ROAD DISTRIBUTION
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GREEN SERVICES
Green services in my town are solar, wind and biomass energy generating plants.
These three types of energy generators are located at the west region of the town.
These ways act as an alternative for using energy. Besides all of these, there is also a
recycling plant to remove part of the wastes. All of these features serve the same
purpose which is to maintain the cleanliness of the environment.
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Solar energy plant is act as the
major source of energy supply.
This is due to the tropical
climate in Malaysia which has
sufficient sunlight throughout
the year. The energy
generated by the solar energy
plant will be used for the
commercial area as it requires
more energy during daytime.
The plant is located at the
west side of the town as it will
receive more sunlight
throughout the day.

30
The wind energy generator is
another form of energy supply to
the town. The energy generated
by the wind turbines will be used
for the street lamps throughout
the town and also for the
underground trains.

The energy produced by the 3 generators will be sent to most of the households and
also the commercial area.
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Biomass energy is generated by
the wastes of the consumers.
These waste are generated into
energy instead of being dumped
at the dumping ground which will
pollute the environment. After the
process of decomposition and
combustion, the waste is
converted into energy which will
supply to the lower class
residential as a way to cut down
their electricity bills.

THE GREEN PLAN
A sustainable way of living.
A green plan is the plan where the green systems are applied into the town for its
sustainability. It is seen has a sustainable approach for the town. There are many
green features that will be implemented in this proposed town.
Rooftop Garden/ Green Roofs
Daylighting
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All the recyclable materials from the entire town will be collected and gathered to be
transported to the recycling plant. Here, it will be distributed accordingly to the type of
materials. The recycling process will begin. A new product will be formed and to be sold in
the Material Shop (shop that sells new recyclable products).
A roof garden is any garden on
the roof of a building. Besides the
decorative benefit, roof plantings
may provide food, temperature
control, hydrological benefits,
architectural enhancement,
habitats or corridors for wildlife,
and recreational opportunities.
Roof gardens are most often
found in urban environments.
Plants have the ability to reduce
the overall heat absorption of the
building which then reduces
energy consumption.

Solar Thermal Panels
Rainwater Harvesting
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Daylighting is the practice of
placing windows or other
openings and reflective surfaces
so that during the day natural
light provides effective internal
lighting. Daylighting saves
energy. The mix of top lighting
and side lighting, light shelves,
high reflectance ceilings to
provide fairly uniform deep-plan
daylighting without glare of
sunlight.
Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called
collectors, fitted to your roof. These collect heat from
the sun and use it to heat up water which is stored in
a hot water cylinder. A boiler or immersion heater
can be used as a back up to heat the water further
to reach the ideal temperature. Malaysia has hot
water throughout the year so the system works all
year round. As sunlight is free, so once the initial
installation is paid, the hot water costs will be
reduced. It will also cut down carbon footprint as
solar hot water is a green, renewable heating system
which can reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation
and deposition of rainwater for reuse
before it reaches the aquifer. Rainwater
harvesting provides an independent
water supply during regional water
restrictions and may be used to
supplement the main supply. It provides
water when there is a drought, can help
mitigate flooding of low-lying areas, and
reduces demand on wells which may
enable ground water levels to be
sustained. It also helps in the availability of
potable water as rainwater is substantially
free of salinity and other salts.

Self- Cleaning Walls
GREEN IMPLEMENTATIONS
Rooftop gardens are to be planted by most of the commercial blocks as they
are situated in the town center district where the carbon emissions are high.
Daylighting is implemented by the municipal buildings and offices that work
during the day. In this period of time, there won’t be any usage of electricity
for lights in the building.
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The key to these self-cleaning surfaces are photocatalysts, substances that mediate
chemical reactions and are activated by light energy. When organic matter comes
into contact with a photocatalyst, it is oxidized at an increased rate and decomposes
into water and carbon dioxide. This property enables photocatalyst-coated walls and
windows to break down any organic dirt that sticks to them.

Solar thermal panels are to be installed to all of the households. This is
because based on analyses, domestic use of hot water is high. This will lead to
a great positive impact if the energy is not needed to heat up the water.
Rainwater collected will be used to water the plants on the rooftop gardens
and also plants along the road. Excessive water will be used to water the
agricultural area.
The walls are painted with self-cleaning paint. With this technology, the
maintenance cost will be low as there will not be any human intervention. This
photo-catalysis technology enables dirt to be decomposed and washed
away by the rain.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Water supply is essential for a town to sustain. Proper water supply is needed so that
there is constant water supply to the people. The main water source of the proposed
town will be from the lake itself. The water treatment system and sewage treatment
system come hand in hand. So it is wise to have a planned out system.
35

The diagram above show the water supply system. Water is taken in through pipes to
the water purification plant. Here, many processes of filtration takes place till the
water is changed into potable water (clean water for drinking ). Then it is then
transported out to the entire town via the underground pipes. The used water is
then transported back to the sewage treatment plant and to be treated till clean
before it is transported back to the lake. This is the cycle of the water supply.
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The Distribution of Water Supply
The distribution of water supply is divided into 7 zones. The distribution of water supply
is via the underground pipes. The green pipe indicates the distribution of clean water
from the filtration plant. The orange section is where the filtration take place. The red
pipe indicates the flow of used water back to the filtration plant The used water is
processed and being filtered back to the lake.
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Underground piping system.
Sewage
This illustration shows how the sewage system works in individual blocks.
38

This is how it looks underground with two piping systems.
Graywater
Defined as wastewater generated from wash hand basins, showers and
baths, which can be recycled on-site for uses such as WC flushing, landscape
irrigation and constructed wetlands. Graywater often includes discharge from
laundry, dishwashers and kitchen sinks. It differs from the discharge of WCs
which is designated sewage or blackwater to indicate it contains human
waste.
Graywater, as the name implies, is something in between white water and
black water. By most domestic definitions, gray water is tap water soiled by
use in washing machines, tubs, showers and bathroom sinks. It's not sanitary,
but it's also not toxic and generally disease free. Gray water reclamation is
the process by which households make use of gray water's potential instead
of simply piping it into overburdened sewage systems with all the black water.
39

+
This is an overview of how the graywater system will look like in the proposed
town. The graywater, once processed, will be used to water the food crops.
View of Allegro from the entry point.
40

View of Lake from the Southern Region.
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7.Conclusion
Throughout this project, many researches and investigations were carried out to
analyze the ancient, present and future towns and also to identify the problems
facing in each case study. It is best to learn from what others have done well in
their township planning and to know how to rectify the problems faced.
Upon producing this proposal, a lot of understanding and thinking have been
done. To propose a better livable town for the people, the planning of urban
structure, the transport systems and water supply systems are taken into
consideration. In addition, many green approaches were implemented in this
town as to make sure that it is sustainable and eco-friendly. The aim of the town
is to make sure that everyone including the environment benefits from the
planning of it.
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8.Reference Links
43

1. Mairie de Paris (N.D)Paris, a Roman city. Available at:
http://www.paris.culture.fr/en/ (Accessed: 13 July 2014).
2. Siem Reap, Cambodia (N.D)Gateway to Angkor Wat. Available
at http://www.siemreapcambodia.org/ (Accessed: 13 July
2014).
3. NPR (2014)Tonle Sap: The Flowing Heart of Cambodia. Available
at:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?
storyId=5039980 (Accesed: 13 July 2014)
4. Nextera Energy Resources (2014) Solar - How Solar Plants Work.
Available at:
http://www.nexteraenergyresources.com/what/solar_works.sht
ml (Accesed: 13 July 2014)
5. Wind Energy Development Programmatic EIS Information Center
(2014)Wind Energy Basics. Available at:
http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/ (Accesed: 13 July 2014)
6. Louise Lundberg Scandinavian Green Roof Institute (2009). The
benefits of Rooftop Gardens. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
7. Trends In Japan (2014) Self- Cleaning walls and windows.
Available at: http://web-japan.org/trends/08_sci-
tech/sci090116.html (Accesed: 13 July 2014)
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