future city proposal

Content:
1. Introduction 3
2. A City (Investigation on better city guidelines & issues)
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old city
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city
6. Case study on the selected type of the future city
7. The New “X” City
8. The Conclusion
9. References list
2

1. Introduction
A city – the home of urbanization and civilization and the
highest form of social organization. It is the place for every people
to carry out their dailt routine. It is a place for them to live their
lives on the phase of the earth.
Hence, for this project, my city is unstable and unsuitable for
my people to live in. As the mayor of the city, I have to come out
with ideas to sustain my city by rebuilding a new future city, either
an underground city, an underwater city, a floating city or a land
city.
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2. The City
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2.1 The Definition(s) of City
City, pronounced as ˈsɪti/, is defined as a large town or the center
of population, commerce and culture. City also means an
incorporated municipality, usually governed by a mayor or a group
of councilmen.
A city is actually a place of business, learning, living, connectivity
between the people, walkability among places, etc.; an All-In-One
structure for self-sustainability for the present and future generation.
2.2 What is the brief history of city?
The building of cities has a long history. Although city planning as
an organised profession has existed for less than a century, all cities
display various degrees of forethought and conscious design in their
layout and functioning.
Early humans led a nomadic existence, relying on hunting and
gathering to sustain their lives. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago,
cultivation of plants and the domestication of animals allowed for
more permanent settlements. During the fourth millennium B.C., the
requirements for the "urban revolution" were finally met: the
production of storable food, introduction to various writing systems, a
more complex social organisation, and technological advances
such as the plough, and potter's wheel.
Cities exist for many reasons, and the diversity of urban forms can
be traced to the complex functions that cities perform. Cities serve
as centers of storage, trade, and manufacture. The agricultural
surplus from the surrounding countryside is processed and distributed
in cities. Cities also grew up around marketplaces, where goods from
distant places could be exchanged for local products. Throughout
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the history, cities have been founded at the intersections of
transportation routes, or at points where goods must shift from one
mode of transportation to another, as at river and ocean ports.
Religious elements played an important role throughout urban
history. Ancient peoples had sacred places, often associated with
cemeteries or shrines, around which cities grew. Ancient cities usually
had large temple precincts with monumental religious buildings.
Many medieval cities were built near monasteries and cathedrals.
Cities often provide protection in a precarious world. During attacks,
the rural populace could flee behind city walls, where defence
forces assembled to repel the enemy. The wall served this purpose
for millennia, until the invention of heavy artillery rendered walls
useless in warfare. With the advent of modern aerial warfare, cities
have become prime targets for destruction rather than safe havens.
2.3 What makes a city?
A city needs to have certain basic elements that are necessary for
the development of the city itself, as well as the people, which
includes:
- Stability of economy
- Suitable amount of human population
- Convenient public transportations
- Basic public infrastructures
- City zoning
- Education system
- Community work among the people
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- Defense system
- Religious and cultural practices
- Constant supply of electricity and water
- Enforcement of laws and regulations
2.4 What makes a good city?
However, one of the most important elements that makes a city
good is the sustainability, the balancing of economy, social and
environment, ensuring the stability of development in all aspects of
the city, such as:
- Organised zoning of the city
- Proper communication and connectivity planning
- Using renewable energy resources as power sources
- Buildings and houses are energy efficient
- Wide range of education opportunities for young generation
- Low rate of unemployment among the citizens
- Accessible public spaces where people are able to congregate
- Efficient and safe public transportation
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- Zero pollution Implementation of the idea of green city planning
to development of city
- Recycling waste products
- Low carbon urban transportation to reduce pollution
- Encourage walkability by providing safe, large pathways along
the roads
- Good leadership qualities in the city leader(s)
2.5 What is a future city?
Future cities have been characterised and defined by a number
of factors including sustainability, social and economic
development, as well as a high quality of life.
Future cities use information and communication technologies
(ICT) to be more intelligent and efficient in the use of resources,
resulting in cost and energy savings, improved service delivery and
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quality of life, and reduced environmental footprint – all supporting
innovation and the low-carbon economy.
From my opinion, future city, also called the smart city, focuses on
the sustainability issues such as buildings, energy networks and
transportation system.
Personally, I think that the definition of a “Future City” needs to
include the following concepts:
- Operate as efficiently as possible, so that resources such as
energy, transportation systems and water are used optimally,
providing a low-cost, low-carbon basis for economic and social
growth, and an attractive, healthy environment in which to live
and work.
- Create sustainable, equitably distributed growth, where
education and employment opportunities are widely available to
all citizens and communities, and with a focus on delivering social
and environmental outcomes as well as economic growth.
- Enable citizens, communities, entrepreneurs and businessmen to
do their best to contribute to the economy of the city.
- Education system that provides the skills that will be needed by
future industries as technology evolves.
- Cut down the usage of transportations that give out pollutants to
the atmosphere, encourage walking, cycling and using public
transportations.
- Using renewable energy resources to generate power sources.
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2.6 What are the features of future city?
- High security and strong defense system.
- Using renewable energy sources, such as wind turbines, solar
panels, or bio-gas created from sewage. Cities provide
economies of scale that make such energy sources viable.
- Innovation in hybrid public transportations
- Increase in pedestrianization.
- Xeriscaping (garden & landscape design for water conservation)
- Reduce the need of air conditioning by planting trees, add
natural ventilation systems, and increase in water features and
green spaces, equaling at least 30% of the city’s surface.
- Introduce Zero-Energy Building (a building with zero net energy
consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the
building on an annual basis is roughly equal to the amount of
renewable energy created on the site).
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3. Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient and Old City
3.1 Which ancient city are you concentrating on?
Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Mexican civilization, located
on an island in Lake Texcoco in the Valley of Mexico, consisting of
the Mexica people, is founded in 1325. It was an urban island
settlement that housed 200,000 inhabitats at its height.
It was one of the largest cities in the world at the time of the
Spanish conquest and also the center of a prosperous Aztec society
until it was conquered by Spanish Conquistadors led by Hernan
Cortes. Today the ruins of Tenochtitlan are located near Mexico City,
Mexico
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3.2 When did it start? History and all.
The state religion of the Mexica civilization awaited the
fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: that the wandering tribes would
find the destined site for a great city whose location would be
signaled by an eagle eating a snake while perched atop a cactus.
The Aztecs saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in
Lake Texcoco, a vision that is now immortalized in Mexico's coat of
arms and on the Mexican flag. Not deterred by the unfavourable
terrain, they set about building their city, using the chinampa system
(floating gardens) for agriculture.
A thriving culture developed, and the Mexica civilization came
to dominate other tribes around Mexico. The small natural island
perpetually enlarged as Tenochtitlan grew to become the most
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powerful city in Mesoamerica. Commercial routes were developed
that brought goods from places as far as the Gulf of Mexico,
the Pacific Ocean and even the Inca Empire. After a flood of Lake
Texcoco, the city was rebuilt under the rule of Ahuitzotl in a style that
made it one of the grandest ever in Mesoamerica.
Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on
November 8, 1519. With an estimated population between 200,000
and 300,000, many scholars believe Tenochtitlan to be the largest
city in the world at that time. It was five times the size of the
contemporary London of Henry VIII. In a letter to the Spanish king,
Cortés wrote that Tenochtitlan was as large as Seville or Córdoba.
Cortes' men were in awe at the sight of the splendid city and many
wondered if they were in a dream.
The most common estimates of the population are of over
200,000 people. One of the few comprehensive academic surveys of
Mesoamerican city and town sizes arrived at a population of 212,500
living on 13.5 km2
(5.2 sq mi), It is also said that at one time,
Moctezuma had rule over an empire of almost five million people in
central and southern Mexico because he had extended his rule to
surrounding territories to gain tribute and prisoners to sacrifice to the
gods.
3.3 What makes it a significant city and what are the details?
The zoning of the city and the city planning make Tenochtitlan
a significant city. The geometric of the city and its location was in a
strategic position.
The entire city of Tenochtitlan was divided into 5 quadrants,
including the center one. There were canals that divide the city in
the 4 cardinal directions. The central plaza was not the only
administrative and religious center in the city.
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The city planning of Tenochtitlan divided the city into 4 zones,
i.e. campan. Each zone was divided on 20 districts, i.e. calpullis. Each
district was crossed by streets (tlaxilcalli). There main 3 streets that
crossed the city. The districts were divided by channels used for
transportation, with wood bridges that were removed at night.
Tenochtitlan had a great symmetry. All constructions had to be
approved by the calmimilocatl (functionary in charge of the city
planning). The city was divided into four neighborhoods. divided by
channels used for transportation, with wood bridges that were
removed at night. Each neighborhood had some specialty in arts
and craft.
In the center of the city, there were the public buildings,
temples and schools. Inside a walled square, 300 meters to a side,
was the ceremonial center. There were about 45 public buildings
including: the Templo Mayor, the temple of Quetzalcoatl, the ball
game, the tzompantli or rack of skulls, the temple of the sun, the
platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice, and some minor temples.
Outside was the palace of Montezuma with 100 rooms, each one
with its own bath, for the lords and ambassadors of allies and
conquered people. Also located nearby was the cuicalli or house of
the songs, and the calmecac.
3.4 Conclusion about the city
The city is well planned by having by having an agency to control
and manage the land properties and zoning of the city. A great city
must have a strong system to separate and arrange different zones
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in it such as residential area, rural area, industrial area and social
area.
3.5 What are the elements that can be used to your future city?
- Single nuclear theory
The center of Tenochtitlan, which consists of the important
building such as temple of mayor, is the major part of the city. The
major complexes formed the center of the city and other parts of
city originate from the center of the nucleus.
- Multi nuclear theory
Several independent points were formed rather than only forming
one central business district. Each independent point acts as
growth center from a particular kind of land use such as housing
areas, industry zones and commercial areas, merged to form a
single urban area.
- Smart city planning and strategic geometric of the city
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4. Investigation & Data Collection:
Present Cities
4.1.1 What city are you concentrating on?
Vauban, a new neighborhood planned for 5,000 inhabitants and
600 jobs 4 km to the south of the town center in Freiburg, Germany. It
was built as a sustainable model district on the site of a former French
military base, and is named after Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the
17th century French Marshal who built fortifications in Freiburg while the
region was under French rule. The construction began in the mid-1990s.
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4.2.1 When did it start? History and all.
The site was originally developed as a military base in 1936, and
was taken over after World War II by the French forces occupying the
region. The military left in 1992. Over a period of some years the vacant
structures were occupied by various tribes of hippies and anarchists.
Following battles with the city government, squatters won the rights to
four of the original twenty barracks.
At the same time a group which came to be called Forum
Vauban was pressing the City Council to develop the site in an eco-
friendly way. The remaining 38 hectares were acquired by Freiburg City
Council, who delegated the mandatory community consultation to
Forum Vauban. This collaboration between the Council and Forum
Vauban led to the master plan with its car-free concept.
Most of the individual plots were sold to Baugruppen (co-housing
groups) whose bids were assessed against criteria favouring families
with children, older people and Freiburg residents. Some Baugruppen
were formed by architects, others by prospective residents planning
varying elements of self-build. Some of the other plots were sold to
private developers.
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Another part of the site was developed for student dormitories for
the University of Freiburg. Some former residents of these structures have
taken up residence in a diverse assortment of cars, vans, and retired
civil service vehicles, forming what has been named Wagenplatz.
More "alternative" projects have, among other things, converted
old barracks at a low cost, such as S.U.S.I., a self-governed independent
residential initiative that, through an alternative living concept,
developed living spaces for students as well as subsidized housing. A
self-governing "Community Center Building 037" has been established in
one of the preserved barracks. Some former barracks were occupied in
early 2005, as they would have been demolished.
4.3.1 What makes it a significant city and what are the details?
All houses are built to low energy consumption standard, with 100
units designed to the Passivhaus ultra-low energy building standard.
Other buildings are heated by power station burning wood chips, while
others have Solar collectors. The best example of sustainable building is
the Solar Settlement in Vauban, a 59 PlusEnergy home housing
community, the first housing community where all homes produce
positive energy balance. The solar energy surplus is then sold back into
the city's grid for a profit on every home.
Within Vauban, transportation is primarily by foot or bicycle. The
development is connected to the Freiburg city center by a tramway,
and is laid out linearly along the tracks such that all homes are within
walking distance of a tram stop. In 2009, around 70% of households had
chosen to live without a private car. The level of car ownership has
fallen over time.
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Transportation network in Vauban.
The preference for walking and cycling can be partly attributed
to the layout of the district. Building on previous experience, the plan
departs from the simple inherited grid, and creates a network which
incorporates the principle of “filtered permeability”. It means that the
network geometry favours the active modes of transport and,
selectively, “filters out” the car. This is accomplished by reducing the
number of streets that run through the neighbourhood. Instead, most
local streets are crescents and cul-de-sacs (see drawing). While they
are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and
bike paths which permeate the entire neighbourhood. In addition,
these paths go through or by open spaces adding to the enjoyment of
the trip. The logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a
new comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts
– the Fused Grid.
Most of Vauban's residential streets are described
as stellplatzfrei (free from parking spaces). Vehicles are allowed down
these streets at walking pace to pick up and deliver but not to park,
although there are some infractions as the system depends essentially
on social consensus - there are few official controls. Each year,
households are required to sign a declaration stating either that they do
not own a car, or that they do, in which case they must buy a space in
one of the multi-storey car parks on the periphery, at a cost of 17,500€
(in 2006). The city-wide car club has the greatest concentration of its
2,500 members in Vauban – at least ten of its cars are stationed around
the district.
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4.4.1 What are the elements that can be used to your future city?
- City planned around green transportation
- Pedestrian and bicycle paths form a highly-connected
transportation network
- All buildings in the city must meet minimum low energy
consumption standards of 65kWh/m2
a
- Green building
- Green city planning
- Zero pollution city
4.1.2 What city are you concentrating on?
Shibuya is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. As of 2008, it has an
estimated population of 208,371 and a population density of 13,540
people per km². The total area is 15.11 km².
The name "Shibuya" is also used to refer to the shopping district
which surrounds Shibuya Station, one of Tokyo's busiest railway stations.
This area is known as one of the fashion centers of Japan, particularly
for young people, and as a major nightlife area.
4.2.2 When did it start? History and all.
Shibuya was historically the site of a castle in which the Shibuya
family resided from the 11th century through the Edo period. Following
the opening of the Yamanote Line in 1885, Shibuya began to emerge
as a railway terminal for southwestern Tokyo and eventually as a major
commercial and entertainment center.
The Tokyu Toyoko Line opened in 1932, making Shibuya a key
terminal between Tokyo and Yokohama, and was joined by the
forerunner of theKeio Inokashira Line in 1933 and the forerunner of
the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line in 1938. One of the best-known stories
20

concerning Shibuya is the story of Hachikō, a dog who waited on his
late master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, eventually
becoming a national celebrity for his loyalty. A statue of Hachikō was
built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachikō Square is now
the most popular meeting point in the area.
During the occupation of Japan, Yoyogi Park was used as a
housing compound for U.S. personnel known as "Washington Heights."
The US military left in 1964, and much of the park was repurposed as
venues for the 1964 Summer Olympics. The ward itself served as part of
theathletics 50 km walk and marathon course during the 1964 games.5
Shibuya has achieved great popularity among youngsters since
1980s. There are several famous fashion department stores in
Shibuya. Shibuya 109 is a major shopping center near Shibuya Station.
The contemporary fashion scene in Shibuya extends northward from
Shibuya Station to Harajuku, where youth culture reigns; Omotesandō,
the zelkova tree- and fashion brand-lined street; and Sendagaya,
Tokyo's apparel design district.
During the late 1990s, Shibuya also became known as the center
of the IT industry in Japan.
4.3.2 What makes it a significant city and what are the details?
- Green areas include Meiji Shrine, Shinjuku Gyoen and Yoyogi Park.
- Popular buildings such as the Shibuya 109, United Nations
University, Yebisu Garden Place and Cerulean Tower (the tallest
building in the Shibuya Station area)
- Shibuya Station, the main station in Shibuya
- Shibuya Crossing
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Shibuya is famous for its scramble crossing. It is located in front of
the Shibuya Station Hachikō exit and stops vehicles in all directions
to allow pedestrians to inundate the entire intersection. The statue
of Hachikō, a dog, between the station and the intersection, is a
common meeting place and almost always crowded.
4.4.2 What are the elements that can be used to your future city?
- Green buildings and green spaces
- Organized city zoning
- Well-planned railway routes
4.5 Conclusion about the cities
Both Vauban and Shibuya have great city planning that allows
further development in the cities. A significant city have to achieve
strategic city zoning that involves all aspects such as industrial,
residential, transportation, urbanization, commercial, green spaces
and green buildings.
22

5.Investigation & Data Collection:
Future Cities
5.1 What city are you concentrating on?
Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega-City Pyramid, a hypothetical project for
construction of a massive pyramid over Tokyo Bay in Japan. The
structure would be more than 14 times as high as the Great
Pyramid at Giza, and would house 1,000,000 people. The structure
would be 2000 meters above sea level, including 5 stacked trusses,
each with similar dimensions to the great pyramid of Giza. This pyramid
would answer Tokyo's increasing lack of space, although the project
would only handle 1/47th of the Greater Tokyo Area's population.
The proposed structure is so large that it cannot be built with
currently available materials, due to their weight. The design relies on
the future availability of super-strong lightweight materials based
on carbon nanotubes.
5.2 What makes it a significant city and what are the details?
- Multi-purpose city extension combining business, residential,
commercial, research, cultural and leisure amenities.
- A continuous circulatory transportation system, featuring
elevators, moving walkways and smart vehicles will allow people
and shipment containers to travel to different sectors,
automatically switching routes and between modes of transport
to provide the most efficient path.
- Construction exposes the interior spaces to abundant sunlight and
fresh air.
- Each building inside the city have its own energy resources, i.e.
sun and wind.
23

5.3 Conclusion about the city
The Shimizu TRY 2004 Mega City Pyramid has great city planning by
building multi-purpose city extensions which improves accessibility.
Besides, the continuous circulatory transportation system uses high
technology, which makes it a signficant city.
5.4 What are the elements that you can use to your future city?
- Multi-purpose buildings
- Using renewable energy to generate power sources.
- Every sector of the building is connected by circulatory
transportation system, featuring 3 levels – vehicle, pedestrian and
bicycle, as well as railway.
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6. Case study on the selected type
of the future city
6.1 Solution for making the future city?
As the Mayor of the X city, I constantly did research from time to time
and asked myself questions on the problems faced by the current
city and the ways on how to overcome the circumstances by
referencing he past, present and future city.
6.2 What are the important consideration and guideline or
important information when planning for a future city?
- Safe and efficient transportation system.
- Organised city zoning.
- Green city planning.
- Introduce green spaces and green buildings to the city.
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- Convenient access to every locations in the community.
- Improve walkability of city by building highly-connected
pedestrian and bicycle pathways.
- Well-planned railway routes.
- Every building in the city must meet low energy consumption
standard or they have to obtain their own energy buy other
sustainable resources such as sunlight, water and wind.
7. The New “X” City: Al Coperto
7.1 How did you come up with the solution to create this new city?
Why did the city, Al Coperto come about? It was all because of
the ongoing irresponsible human activities and greed that have
made the present city not livable. Global warming together with the
change of climate all over the globe caused sea water level to rise
and made this city unsuitable for the two main elements that makes
the city – the man and the nature.
26

Therefore, the only way to overcome this issue is to create another
city by enhancing the city to green city, promoting green city
planning to make the city sustainable.
7.2 Why is it floating on the surface of water?
The city that I’ve chosen for my future city is a floating city. The
purpose of choosing floating city out of the three other choices, i.e.
flying city, underground city and land city, is due to the rising of the
sea level.
The sudden rise of sea level has caused many lower cities
submerged below sea level, including Port Dickson, the X city, thus
threatening the lives of living organisms.
Therefore, as the mayor of the X city, I came out with an idea that
a new X city have to be created in order to solve the problems. Also,
it’s the best that the X city is a city floating on the surface of the sea
because the rising sea level would not be a reason that the people
could be worried about as the city is able to flow parallel and
directly propotional to the water current.
7.3 How did the name of the new future city come about?
27

The new name of the future city is called “Al Coperto”, which means
indoor in Italian. Al Coperto is actually an indoor city, initially inspired
by the plan view of a pair of shoes.
7.4 Who are the people in the new X city?
In my new X city, the people could come from different parts of the
world as my city is opened to anyone, with no nationality and race
restrictions.
7.5 What is the important characteristic and elements ?
- Highly coonected transportation network
- Usage of sustainable technology
- Futureproof
- Self sustain city
28

- Energy efficient city
- Green city planning
- Culture and religious practices
7.6 Conclusion about the new X city
I believe that the floating city proposal of Al Coperto is able to
provide sustainability for the people in the future.
Al Coperto uses renewable energy resources to generate
power that will not be used up within finite years, minimizes carbon
footprint in the city as the city plan is designed to have maximum
walkability and accessibility, as well as green spaces and green
technologies that involves in the green city planning.
Although Al Coperto does not have to most stunning design
and the most sophisticated technologies, in my opinion, Al Coperto
has the potential to be an eco-friendly and a sustainable city in the
future.
29

8. Conclusion
After weeks and weeks of continuous research regarding urban
planning and design, I realize that it is extremely challenging to be
an urban planner because a lot of aspects have to be considered
about. However, the exposure on urban planning is surely a
commendable experience after all.
Along completing this report, I’ve learnt that as a good city
planner, one always have to place the people as the main priority
as they are the main component in a city. It is important to
acknowledge what the people need to sustain their lives and for
30

their convenience. Besides, while planning a city, it is crucial to
concern about inserting green spaces and green technologies
into the layout of a city.
If the sustainability of the city is achieved, the people, us, are
already living in the future because a future city is a sustainable
city.
9. Reference Links
31

- https://www.google.com/search?
q=al+coperto+google+translate&oq=al+coperto+google+tra
nslate&aqs=chrome..69i57.11590j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_s
m=91&ie=UTF-8
- http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/INFO/
- http://mapsof.net/map/tokyo-railway-and-subway-map
- http://www.gradjevinarstvo.rs/tekstovi_slike/tekstovi/frajburg
%20modal%20split.jpg
- http://www.atlasextinctnations.com/2012/01/how-aztecs-
organized-themselves-part-1.html
- http://www.natgeocreative.com/comp/02/376/22446.jpg
- https://www.google.com/search?
q=al+coperto+google+translate&oq=al+coperto+google+tra
nslate&aqs=chrome..69i57.11590j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_s
m=91&ie=UTF-8
- http://www.shimz.co.jp/english/theme/dream/try.html
- http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?
t=149802
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