Emprove efficincy of bioagent
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Biocontrol agents are microorganisms that control plant pests in an environmentally friendly way. Their efficiency can be improved by understanding the interactions between the bioagent, pest, host plant, and environment. Specific conditions like temperature, moisture, application timing and method can optimize bioagent survival and pest control. Educating farmers about proper storage, shelf life, and slower mode of action of biocontrol agents compared to chemicals is needed for effective use.
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Bio control agent
The document discusses biocontrol agents and their uses. It begins with an introduction to biocontrol and then describes the different types of biocontrol agents including parasitoids, predators, and entomopathogens. Specific examples are provided for each type. The document also discusses the history of biocontrol, techniques such as introduction, augmentation and conservation. It notes the merits of biocontrol including being environmentally friendly and cost effective, and potential demerits such as not completely destroying pests. In conclusion, it emphasizes creating awareness, fully utilizing existing biocontrol laboratories, and obtaining information to ensure success of biocontrol programs.
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Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids, pathogens, and competitors. Biological control agents of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biological control agents of weeds include seed predators, herbivores and plant pathogens.
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This document discusses biopesticides as an alternative to traditional chemical pesticides. It defines biopesticides as pesticides derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria and certain minerals. The three main types are microbial, plant, and biochemical pesticides. Microbial pesticides contain microorganisms like bacteria, fungi or viruses to control pests. Plant pesticides use genetic material from plants to produce natural pesticides. Biochemical pesticides use substances that control pests through non-toxic mechanisms like growth regulators. Commonly used biopesticides discussed are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), neem extracts, trichoderma fungi and baculoviruses. The advantages of biopesticides
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Introduction to Biological Control of Insect Pests
The document discusses classical biological control, which involves importing natural enemies from their native habitats to control invasive pest populations in new environments. It provides examples of successful classical biological control efforts over the past 100+ years, such as using imported natural enemies to control the cottony cushion scale, a pest of California citrus. The document also discusses factors to consider when selecting effective natural enemies for classical biological control programs, including host specificity, reproductive potential, dispersal capacity, and more. Finally, it outlines the general steps involved in classical biological control, from identifying invasive pests to foreign exploration, mass rearing, establishment and monitoring of imported natural enemies.
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My presentation on Integrated Pest Management. I had made a try from my side to create it knowledgeful and tried to include qualitative content after studying many articals, research papers and other online websites.
Integrated disease management of vegetables
V. Ramesh Naik, Ph.D Horticulture, Dr.Y.S.R.H.U, College of Horticulture, Venkataramanna gudem, West godavari, A.P
Biocontrol agents
This document discusses biocontrol agents, which are microorganisms used to control plant pathogens and diseases. It defines biological control as using organisms other than humans to reduce the impact of plant pathogens. Common biocontrol agents include species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Biological control agents are favored over chemical pesticides because they are non-toxic, not polluting, host-specific, and only affect one or a few pathogen species. The document discusses how biocontrol works and attributes of successful agents. It provides examples of commercial biocontrol products and their application methods in seed treatment, soil application, and more. Advantages are controlling disease intensity without chemicals, while disadvantages can include effects on
Bio-control Agents
This document discusses biocontrol agents, which are microorganisms used to control plant pathogens and diseases. It defines biological control as using organisms other than humans to reduce the impact of plant pathogens. Common biocontrol agents include species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Biological control agents are favored over chemical pesticides because they are non-toxic, not polluting, host-specific, and only affect one or a few pathogen species. The document discusses how biocontrol works and attributes of successful agents. It provides examples of commercial biocontrol products and their application methods in seed treatment, soil application, and more. Advantages are reducing disease and chemical use, while disadvantages can include effects on
roleoffungiasbiocontrolagents-191117095847.pdf
Fungi can serve as effective biocontrol agents for controlling plant diseases. Some fungi, such as species of Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Ampelomyces, and Coniothyrium produce enzymes or antibiotics that directly inhibit plant pathogens through antagonism. Other fungi indirectly control pathogens by competing for space and nutrients or inducing resistance in plants. Trichoderma is a commonly used biocontrol agent that employs mechanisms like mycoparasitism, competition, and inducing plant defenses to reduce pathogen populations and disease severity. Biological control using fungi provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to disease management in agriculture.
9. biological-control-of-plant-pathogen-
Biological control using Trichoderma spp. is an effective alternative to chemical pesticides for controlling plant pathogens. Trichoderma is a common soil fungus with mycoparasitic properties that allow it to control pathogens through antibiosis, nutrient competition, and destructive mycoparasitism. Successful biocontrol requires obtaining a highly effective strain, inexpensive mass production, and application methods that allow the agent to colonize roots and proliferate. Trichoderma is commercially used as a seed treatment or soil amendment to protect roots from diseases through mycoparasitism and inducing host plant resistance.
Bioherbicides
This document discusses commercial bioherbicides for weed control. It begins by outlining the problems caused by weeds in agriculture and the need for more sustainable weed control technologies. It then describes the three main types of weed control - mechanical, chemical, and biological. The document focuses on biological control, explaining what bioherbicides are and the process of discovering, developing, mass producing, formulating, and applying them. It provides examples of commercially registered bioherbicides and concludes by stating that bioherbicides are typically narrow-spectrum and intended to be used as part of integrated weed management.
Biological management for bacterial diseases.pptx
This document outlines mechanisms and advantages of biological control. It discusses characteristics of ideal biocontrol agents such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Examples are given of using these bacteria to control bacterial plant diseases like rice bacterial leaf blight. Commercially available biocontrol products for bacterial diseases are also listed.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to managing pests that combines biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools. IPM focuses on long-term prevention through techniques like biological control, habitat manipulation, and use of resistant varieties. The presentation discusses the history, need, and methods of IPM including cultural, physical, biological and chemical methods. It also covers the merits of IPM in reducing environmental risks and boosting crop yields, and the demmerits of being more time-consuming. The conclusion states that IPM offers a holistic approach that balances ecological, economic, and social considerations while minimizing reliance on pesticides.
Integration of Transgenic Crop Traits in Agroecological Practices in Europe
This document provides a critical review of the potential for GM crops to provide benefits for biological control and sustainable agroecological practices in Europe. It finds that while GM crops could potentially lower pesticide use and improve pest and weed control, there is currently a gap between their use as a standalone tool rather than as part of integrated pest management. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crops, as well as their potential impacts on biodiversity and natural pest control. It concludes that the benefits of pest-resistant GM crops are not fully realized due to their current introduction without proper integration into IPM systems.
Transgenic resistance to Heliothis/Helicoverpa: Implications for sustainable ...
This document discusses transgenic crops resistant to Heliothis/Helicoverpa pests, which cause over $5 billion in annual crop losses. Transgenic cotton, maize, tomato, tobacco, chickpea and pigeonpea have been developed expressing Bt toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, reducing damage from Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa armigera. Transgenic cotton lowers insecticide use by half while increasing yields by 25-45%. For effective use of transgenic crops against pests, refugia must be planted, carryover pest populations destroyed, secondary pests controlled, and IPM strategies used from the beginning
idmamit-200512091651.pdf
The document discusses integrated plant disease management (IDM), which is a decision-based process that coordinates the use of multiple tactics to optimize pathogen control in an ecologically and economically sound manner. The key components of an IDM approach include cultural controls like crop rotation, physical controls such as hot water treatment of seeds, biological controls using organisms like Trichoderma fungi, chemical controls when needed, and host plant resistance. The overall goals are to simultaneously manage multiple pathogens, monitor impacts and natural enemies, and integrate suppressive tactics to promote sustainable disease management with reduced environmental and health risks.
Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
This Presentation includes various tactics of IDM like Cultural control, Physical control, Chemical control, Biological control of plant disease. Useful for UG, PG Botany and Agriculture students
Herbicide tolerant crops and weed management
This document summarizes research on developing herbicide tolerant crops through biotechnology. It discusses how herbicide resistance has developed in weeds due to overuse of herbicides. Two main approaches to developing herbicide tolerant crops are discussed: designing new selective herbicides and developing crop varieties tolerant to existing herbicides. Biotechnology techniques like genetic transformation allow transferring herbicide tolerance genes from weed species into crops more quickly than conventional breeding. Several commercially developed herbicide tolerant crops using these techniques are mentioned.
Integrated pest management
The document discusses the history and importance of integrated pest management (IPM), which involves using multiple pest control methods such as cultural practices, biological controls, and selective use of pesticides to improve crop yields while reducing environmental impacts. IPM strategies include prevention, monitoring, and intervention techniques to manage pests and keep populations below economic threshold levels. The benefits of IPM include improved crop protection, stable crop yields, reduced pest resistance, and increased food safety.
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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING.pptx
Integration of Transgenic Crop Traits in Agroecological Practices in Europe
Integration of Transgenic Crop Traits in Agroecological Practices in Europe
Transgenic resistance to Heliothis/Helicoverpa: Implications for sustainable ...
Transgenic resistance to Heliothis/Helicoverpa: Implications for sustainable ...
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Guidelines for thesis preparation 2018
The document provides guidelines for preparing theses to be submitted for postgraduate degrees at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya. It discusses the various components of a thesis, including the preliminary pages (title page, certificates of approval, acknowledgements, table of contents), main text (introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results, discussion, summary and conclusions), and appendices. Formatting requirements are specified for each section, such as font types and sizes, spacing, order of elements. Specific instructions are given for the cover page layout, content of certificates, structure of acknowledgements and table of contents. Appendices include additional details on references, abbreviations, symbols and evaluation
Akash credit seminar jnkvv
This document discusses the effects of global warming on agriculture production and adaptation strategies. It begins with an introduction to global warming, greenhouse gases, and the causes of global warming from both natural and human factors. It then examines the impacts of rising temperatures on crop yields for various crops in India. The document outlines some adaptation and mitigation strategies farmers can adopt, such as using drought-resistant crop varieties, conservation tillage practices, and crop diversification. It concludes that global warming poses risks to Indian agriculture but that proactive adaptation can help minimize negative impacts.
Precision farming rohit pandey
This document provides an overview of precision farming presented by Rohit Pandey. It defines precision farming as applying the right inputs, at the right time, in the right amount, at the right place, and in the right manner based on crop requirements on a localized basis. The key components of precision farming discussed are GPS, GIS, remote sensing, variable rate applicators, and the farmer. The document also discusses approaches to precision farming like grid sampling and management zones, and prospects in the Indian agriculture context.
Soumya drought and its mitigation
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The document discusses various drought mitigation strategies in agriculture, including crop management practices and soil/water conservation techniques. It begins with introducing the concepts of drought and its classification. Key mitigation strategies through crop management include selecting drought tolerant crops/varieties, seed hardening, and proper sowing times. Soil/water conservation techniques involve in-situ moisture conservation, water harvesting structures, mulching, anti-transpirants, and modern irrigation methods. The document concludes by discussing some long-term strategies to mitigate drought such as contingency crop planning and long-range weather forecasting.
Sonoo farming system approach
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2) Integrated farming systems increase productivity and income through efficient resource recycling and utilization of byproducts. They also generate more employment and minimize environmental pollution compared to traditional monoculture farming.
3) The document provides examples of integrated farming systems suitable for different agro-climatic zones in India and discusses their advantages in achieving policy goals like balanced nutrition, resource conservation, and rural livelihoods.
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This document discusses biosensors and their applications in agriculture. It begins with defining biosensors as integrated devices that use a biological recognition element in direct contact with a transducer to provide analytical information. It then describes the basic principles and components of biosensors, including immobilization of biological material, interaction with analytes, and signal conversion by transducers. The document outlines characteristics like linearity, sensitivity and selectivity. It discusses various types of biosensors and their advantages. Finally, it provides examples of biosensor applications for detecting pesticides, herbicides and other agricultural pollutants, as well as their use in environmental monitoring and food analysis.
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This document discusses allelopathy, which is the phenomenon where one plant produces chemicals that harm other plants. It provides examples of allelopathy between crops and weeds. Some common allelochemicals produced by plants are phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. These chemicals are released through leaching, exudation, volatilization, or decomposition. Allelopathy can affect weed suppression and crop yields. The strength of allelopathic effects depends on factors like crop variety, environmental conditions, and soil fertility. Further research on allelopathy could provide natural herbicides and support sustainable agriculture.
Govardhan lodha synopsis seminar ppt
The document outlines an experiment to study the effect of different weed control treatments on soybean growth and yield. It will compare 12 treatments including various doses of Fomesafen and Propaquizafop applied post-emergence alone or in combination with other herbicides. Data on weed density, weed biomass, crop growth parameters, yield and economics will be recorded and analyzed. The experiment follows a randomized complete block design with three replications conducted at JNKVV, Jabalpur.
Deepakb marigold ppt Presentation on PACKAGE AND PRACTICES OF MARIGOLD
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Weed indices are used to study the effect of weed density, growth, and suppression on crop plants. Common indices include weed infestation, weed index, weed control efficiency, and smothering efficiency. The document defines each of these indices and provides examples of how to calculate them. Higher values of weed control efficiency and smothering efficiency indicate better control of weeds. The weed index compares yields between treated and untreated plots, with lower values showing more effective herbicide treatment.
Kamlesh Herbicide resistance and their management govardhan lodha
This document discusses herbicide resistance and its management. It defines key terms like resistance, weeds, herbicides and their modes of action. It describes the first occurrences of resistant weeds and how resistance develops through natural selection of mutations. Repeated use of herbicides with the same mode of action increases selection pressure and favors survival of resistant weed biotypes. The mechanisms of resistance include altered herbicide binding sites, improved metabolism and sequestration. Agronomic practices like monocropping and lack of rotation increase resistance risk. Integrated management strategies like herbicide, crop, seedbank rotation and monitoring are recommended to prevent or delay resistance.
assignment on Quality of irrigation water
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND MANAGEMENT OF SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION GOVARDHAN LODHA
Enroll. No. (160111017)
Department of Agronomy
M.Sc. (Ag) Agronomy 2nd semester
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER by lodha
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND MANAGEMENT OF SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
GOVARDHAN LODHA
Enroll. No. (160111017)
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Microbial control of pests has several advantages:
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2) When applied, microbial pathogens can multiply in the target pest population, causing disease outbreaks that persist and prevent pest resurgences for several years.
3) Microbial agents do not produce toxic residues and any material deposited on plants is quickly broken down, so there is no risk of toxic effects on other species.
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This document discusses the different types of parasitism, including simple parasitism where a single parasitoid attacks a host, super parasitism where many of the same species attack one host, and multiparasitism where different parasitoid species attack the same host. It also describes hyperparasitism where a parasitoid attacks another parasitoid, autoparasitism where males develop as secondary parasitoids of females of their own species, cleptoparasitism where a parasitoid attacks a host already parasitized, endoparasitism where development is internal, and ectoparasitism where development is external.
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The document provides instructions for rearing the larvae of Corcyra cephalonica and using their eggs to culture the egg parasitoid Trichogramma. To rear C. cephalonica, their eggs are mixed into sterilized cumbu grain in trays, where the larvae feed and develop over 30-35 days. The emerging adult moths are collected and their eggs extracted to use as a food source for mass culturing Trichogramma. This involves exposing sterilized Corcyra eggs to Trichogramma on cards, then storing the parasitized eggs for field release or storage at 10°C.
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1. The document summarizes several plant-derived insecticides, including neem (Azadirachta indica), rotenone, nicotine, pyrethrins, ryania, sabadilla, limonene, linanool, and garlic oil.
2. Neem contains azadirachtin and other compounds that have insecticidal properties like antifeedant action, inhibiting insect growth, and deterring egg-laying. It is commonly used in neem seed kernel extract products.
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Emprove efficincy of bioagent
- 2. EMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF BIO AGENT Submitted by Umesh Bhati Roll no. 5790DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY COLLAGE OF AGRICULTURE TIKAMGARH (M.P.)
- 3. Bio Control Agents:- Bio Control Agents are efficient microorganisms that controls plant pest . These are specific to the plant insect and are co-friendly in nature. It also induces systemic resistance in crop plants. Ex. Parasite , predator and parasitoid etc. Improving Efficiency of Bio-agent:- If it is manipulated in favour of bio-agent. It become determinate to pest survival and its activity. Biological control often fails due to lack of through understanding between bio-agent pest host environment interactions and their impact on disease development.
- 4. Charcharstic of bio agents:- Good searching capacity at high and low density. Self dispersing and propagating ability. Effective and well adopted to climatic condition. High reproductive capacity with short generation. The bio control agent be resistance to hyperparasitism and multiparasitism .
- 5. Improving Efficiency of bio agents:- Use of bio agents right time (evening time). Providing supplementary foods. Use right place ex. Trico cord in shade lower surface of leaf because sensitive to direct sunlight. Right combination with chemical having spray. Should be apply right types of culture practices in the field during presence of bio- agent in the field.
- 6. Moisture &temperature :- Moist soil relative humidity is 60-80% for survival of bio agents. Optimum temperature range of bio agents 25-30ºC. Limitation and future Thrusts:- The effective amount of bio-agent needed to be incorporated to contact the pest large quantity and can not be achieved unless the antagonist establish it self in the ecosystem and multiplies.
- 7. There is a need to educate the dealers and the growers on storage condition, shelf life and mode of action of bio control. A grower who is tuned to a rapid results obtained with chemical pesticide, need to explained of slower but sustainable response by the bio control agents besides the environmental safety and other positive effects of microbes on plant and soil.