The document summarizes European colonization of Africa in the late 19th century. It describes how Western European powers controlled different regions of Africa, with the British dominating West Africa and Egypt, the French controlling North Africa, and Germany occupying territories in West and East Africa. It also discusses key figures that explored central Africa like David Livingstone and Henry Stanley, as well as the establishment of European colonies in regions like the Congo, South Africa, and territories divided between Britain and Germany in East Africa at the Berlin Conference of 1884-85.

1. Empire Building in AfricaCh.6 Section 2

2. West AfricaNatural Resources Wanted:Peanuts, timber, hides, and palm oilSlave trade had virtually ended by the late 1800’sBritish had settlements along the Gold Coast and in Sierra LeoneFrench controlled the largest part of W AfricaGermany controlled Togo, Cameroon, German SW Africa and German E Africa

4. Egypt's ImportanceEgypt: Freed from the Ottoman Empire by Muhammad Ali in 1805- brought Egypt into the modern world (public schools, industry)Suez Canal: In Nile Valley, connected the Mediterranean and the Red Seas. Built by Ferdinand De Lesseps in 1869British wanted control over canal for trade with India; made Egypt a British Protectorate in 1914

5. North AfricaBritish controlled Egypt, and by 1898 SudanFrench controlled Algeria, Tunisia and much of MoroccoItaly tried to take Ethiopia and failed (first European state to be defeated by African state). Later took Tipoli, now called Libya

7. Important PeopleDavid Livingston: starting in 1841 explored the uncharted regions of central Africa for 30 yearsHenry Stanley: a young journalist sent to find Livingston after he disappearedExplored the Congo and encouraged European settlement there

8. Central AfricaBelgium settled the Congo (King Leopold II)France took territories north of the CongoEuropean states were concerned about Belgium controlling the vast territories of the Congo

10. East AfricaMajor competition over East Africa between Britain and GermanySome competition from Portugal and BelgiumBerlin Conference 1884-85: Recognized British and German claims to specific territories and gave Portugal Mozambique. Adopted an agreement that described how a European nation could lay claim to an area of Africa.

11. South AfricaCape Town settled by Dutch since 1600’sCalled Boers or AfrikanersTaken by British after Napoleonic WarsWhite population of South Africa was 200,000 by 1865