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Independent States in South
    and Southeast Asia

        CH.16 SECTION 2
British India Divided: India and Pakistan

 Split up over religious differences
   India was primarily Hindu, Pakistan primarily Muslim

 On independence day millions fled across new
  borders
 Violence broke out because of fear, rumors, and
  thugs willing to take advantage of chaos
     Millions were killed, including Ghandi
The New India

 Jawaharlal Nehru took over as the new Prime
 minister and fashioned the new government after
 Britain's labor party
    State took ownership of major industries, utilities, and
     transportation, but private enterprise was allowed at the local
     level and land was privately owned. Industrial production
     tripled.
 After his death they faced serious poverty issues
 because of population growth
India cont…

 His daughter took control and in 1984 used military
 force to stop Sikh rebels who wanted to make Punjab
 independent.
    They later assassinated her out of revenge
 Her son replaced her and began new economic
 policies
    Encouraged private enterprise and transferred state-run
     industries into private hands
        Increased middle class
 Technology part of industry is thriving and many US
 companies began outsourcing jobs to India
Pakistan

 Was a completely new nation in 1947
 Early years marked by intense internal conflict
   Especially between East and West Pakistan

 East Pakistan declared its independence in 1971 and
  after a brief civil war became Bangladesh
 Both have struggled to maintain stable governments
  and battle poverty
Southeast Asia: Independence

 Philippines became independence from the U.S. in
  1946
 Britain gave up colonies of Burma 1948, and Malaya
  1957
 Netherlands and France were less willing to give up
  colonies, but the threat of a communist uprising set
  Indonesia free in 1949
 In Vietnam, Communist leader Ho Chi Minh seized
  power from the French with the Vietminh
    France refused to accept his leadership and siezed Southern
     half of Vietnam
The Vietnam War

 The French could not defeat the Vietminh so they
  agreed to a peace settlement in 1954
     Vietnam was divided and they would hold elections in 2 years
 The U.S. began aiding South Vietnamese
  government
     Lyndon B. Johnson sent troops to Vietnam in 1965
     War reached a stalemate and Nixon made an agreement
      pulling troops out in 1975
 Vietnam was reunited under a communist regime
   Led to Cambodia, Laos, and Indochina to become Communist
Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos Today

 Vietnam is working hard to become an industrial
  nation and relations with the U.S. have greatly
  improved
 Cambodia became democratic in 1993
 Laos remains one of the few remaining Communist
  countries along with Vietnam and North Korea
 Cambodia and Laos are among the world’s poorest
  countries

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Independent states in south and southeast asia

  • 1. Independent States in South and Southeast Asia CH.16 SECTION 2
  • 2. British India Divided: India and Pakistan  Split up over religious differences  India was primarily Hindu, Pakistan primarily Muslim  On independence day millions fled across new borders  Violence broke out because of fear, rumors, and thugs willing to take advantage of chaos  Millions were killed, including Ghandi
  • 3. The New India  Jawaharlal Nehru took over as the new Prime minister and fashioned the new government after Britain's labor party  State took ownership of major industries, utilities, and transportation, but private enterprise was allowed at the local level and land was privately owned. Industrial production tripled.  After his death they faced serious poverty issues because of population growth
  • 4. India cont…  His daughter took control and in 1984 used military force to stop Sikh rebels who wanted to make Punjab independent.  They later assassinated her out of revenge  Her son replaced her and began new economic policies  Encouraged private enterprise and transferred state-run industries into private hands  Increased middle class  Technology part of industry is thriving and many US companies began outsourcing jobs to India
  • 5. Pakistan  Was a completely new nation in 1947  Early years marked by intense internal conflict  Especially between East and West Pakistan  East Pakistan declared its independence in 1971 and after a brief civil war became Bangladesh  Both have struggled to maintain stable governments and battle poverty
  • 6. Southeast Asia: Independence  Philippines became independence from the U.S. in 1946  Britain gave up colonies of Burma 1948, and Malaya 1957  Netherlands and France were less willing to give up colonies, but the threat of a communist uprising set Indonesia free in 1949  In Vietnam, Communist leader Ho Chi Minh seized power from the French with the Vietminh  France refused to accept his leadership and siezed Southern half of Vietnam
  • 7. The Vietnam War  The French could not defeat the Vietminh so they agreed to a peace settlement in 1954  Vietnam was divided and they would hold elections in 2 years  The U.S. began aiding South Vietnamese government  Lyndon B. Johnson sent troops to Vietnam in 1965  War reached a stalemate and Nixon made an agreement pulling troops out in 1975  Vietnam was reunited under a communist regime  Led to Cambodia, Laos, and Indochina to become Communist
  • 8. Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos Today  Vietnam is working hard to become an industrial nation and relations with the U.S. have greatly improved  Cambodia became democratic in 1993  Laos remains one of the few remaining Communist countries along with Vietnam and North Korea  Cambodia and Laos are among the world’s poorest countries