The document provides an overview of emotions, including definitions, components, categories, and theories. It discusses primary emotions like love, joy, anger, sadness, surprise and fear. Secondary emotions are described as emotions that arise from primary emotions in response to situations, like feeling threatened or angry due to experiencing fear. The three main theories of emotion are also summarized: James-Lange theory proposes that physiological responses lead to emotional experience; Cannon-Bard theory suggests emotion and physiological response occur simultaneously; and two-factor theory posits that arousal and cognition interact to influence emotional intensity. The document concludes with factors influencing emotions and methods for controlling emotions, such as physical activities, reframing thoughts, and understanding emotion.

1. EMÖTiÔNS
1

2. IMAGINE LIFE WITHOUT
• Happiness
• Fear
• Sadness
• Surprise
• Disgust
2

3. Emotion
▶ The word emotion derived from the Latin word EMOVERE which
means to strip up to get agitated.
▶ It is a stirred-up state caused by physiological changes occurring
as a response to some event and which tends to maintain or
abolish the causative events.
▶ Complex feeling state with psychic, somatic and behavioral
components; external manifestations of which is affect.
3

4. DEFINITION OF eMOTION
▶ Emotion is a complex psychological
phenomenon which occurs as animals or
people live theirlives.
▶ It is I
ntense feeling that are directed at
someone or something.
4

5. EMOTIONS INCLUDE THREE THINGS
Emotions are a mix of :-
▶ 1) physiological activation,
▶ 2) expressive behaviors,and
▶ 3) conscious experience.
5

6. EMOTION ISASSOCIATED WITH
▶ MOOD
▶ TEMPERAMENT
▶ PERSONALITY
▶ DISPOSITION
▶ MOTIVATION
6

7. Overview of Emotion
Emotion have two components:
▶ Mental
▶ Physical
Emotion involves:
 Cognition:- an awarenessof the sensation.
 Affect:-the feeling itself.
 Conation:- the urge to take action.
 Physical changes:- hypertension, tachycardia & sweating.
7

8. Emotion
Cognition
Affect
Physical
Changes
Conation
8

9. Characteristics of Emotions
▶ Emotions are accompanied by both physiological and
cognitive changes.
▶ Emotions are balanced, that is, they are either positive or
negative.
▶ Emotions influence behavior
.
9

10. Basic Emotions
▶ Ekman's findings have led some to propose that there are a set of
basic emotions that are shared cross culturally and that combine to
make up more complex emotions.
Basic Emotions
 Happiness
 Sadness
 Fear
 Anger
 Surprise
 Disgust
There can be combined to yield more complex emotions like-
1.anger +disgust +contempt
2.sadness+surprise +disappointment.
10

11. Categories of Emotions
▶ Primary emotion
▶ Secondary emotion
11

12. Primary emotion
• A primary human emotion types are the one triggered in
response to an event
12

13. PRIMARY EMOTIONS
• LOVE
• JOY
• ANGER
• SADNESS
• SURPRISE
• FEAR
13

14. Secondary emotion
• If we experience fear , the secondary emotions would be :
feel threatened or feel anger , depending on the situation
we are experiencing.
14

15. Types of Emotions
T
wo types:
 Positive Emotion
 Negative Emotion
15

16. 3 Theories on Emotion
• James-Lange Theory
• Cannon-Bard Theory
• Two-Factor Theory
16

17. James-Lange Theory
• Willam James and Carl Lange
came up with the James-Lange
Theory of Emotion.
• We feel emotion because of
biological changes caused by
stress.
• The body changes and our mind
recognizes the feeling.
17

18. How do psychologists describe emotions?
• The James-Lange Theory
–people’s emotions follow, rather than cause, their behavioral
reactions to their situations
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster,
and your breathing deepens. You notice these physiological changes
and interpret them as your body's preparation for a fearful situation.
You then experience fear.
18

19. 19

20. Cannon-Bard Theory
• Say James-Lange theory is full of
crap.
• How can that be true if
similar physiological changes
correspond with drastically
different emotional states.
• The physiological change and
cognitive awareness
must occur
simultaneously.
• They believed it was the
thalamus that helped this
happen.
20

21. How do psychologists describe emotions?
• The Cannon-Bard Theory
–emotions accompany the bodily responses that are aroused by an
external stimulus
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster, and
your breathing deepens. At the same time as these physiological
changes occur you also experience the emotion of fear.
21

22. 22

23. Two-Factor Theory
• Stanley Schachter explains emotions more
completely than the other two theories.
• They happen at the same time but…
• People who are already physiologically
aroused experience more intense
emotions than unaroused people when
both groups are exposed to the same
stimuli.
• Biology and Cognition interact with
each other to increase the
experience.
23

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26

27. Factors Affecting Emotions
▶ Genetic
▶ Cognition
▶ Memory
▶ External Stimuli
▶ Health
▶ Circadian Rhythm
▶ Meditation.
27

28. Analyzing Emotion
Analysis of emotions are carried on different levels.
28

29. HOW TO CONTROL
YOUR EMOTION..?
29

30. Method 1: Taking Physical Actions
▶ 1. Control your breathing
▶ 2. Keep your head up
▶ 3. Use assertive body language
▶ 4. Get some exercise
▶ 5. Take a break
▶ 6. Meditate
▶ 7. Practice mindfulnessmeditation
▶ 8. Practice progressive muscle relaxation.
30

31. Method 2: Reframing Your Feelings
▶ 1. Learn to recognize your emotional stimuli
▶ 2. Repeat self-calming statements
▶ 3. Find something funny orsilly in your situation
▶ 4. Set small goals
▶ 5. Savour the good thingsin your life
▶ 6. Speak kindly to yourself
▶ 7. Refrain from judging yourself
▶ 8. Reject perfectionism
▶ 9. Talk about how you feel
▶ 10. Consider talking with a counsellor or therapist.
31

32. Method 3:Reworking Your Thinking
▶ 1. Look ahead
▶ 2. Stop fighting your emotions
▶ 3. Change the story
▶ 4. Examine what you’re actually reacting to
▶ 5. Challenge negative thoughtsby reframing them productively.
32

33. Method 4:Fighting Distorted Ways
of Thinking
▶ 1. Learn to recognize cognitive distortions
▶ 2. Challenge “filtering”
▶ 3. Challenge “catastrophizing”
▶ 4. Challenge “personalization”
▶ 5. Challenge “overgeneralization”.
33

34. Method 5: Understanding Your
Emotions
▶ 1. Understand how emotions work
▶ 2. Consider whether past experiences are affecting you now
▶ 3. Be aware of “emotional contagion”
▶ 4. Determine your emotional needs
▶ 5. T
ry STOPP-ing.
34

35. Thank You…!
35