MPA 213 Management of Rural Urban Development

1. Emergence of Urban
Community and Rise of the
Metropolis
Characteristics of Cities in Developing Countries
MPA 213 –Management of Rural and Urban Development
Presented by: Reynald Barrera

2. URBAN AREA/COMMUNITY
 A region surrounding a city
 An Urban area, or built-up area, is a human settlement with a high
population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban
areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by
urban morphology as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs.
 Inhabitants have non-agricultural jobs
 Urban Areas are created when a large group of people gather to
live in a certain area. Most of the time they are created for
beneficial reasons.

3. URBANIZATION
 Urban growth, also known as urbanization, accelerated dramatically
with the advent of industrialization some 200 years ago. At that time,
large numbers of people move to cities in search of jobs, mostly in
factories But the most rapid growth has taken place over the past 50
years. While less than one-third of the world’s population lived in cities
in 1950, about two thirds of humanity is expected to live in urban
areas by 2030.
 Most of that urbanization is taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin
America

4. URBANIZATION
 Refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, the decrease
in the proportion of people living in rural areas and the ways in which
societies adapt to this change. It is predominantly the process by
which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people
begin living and working in central areas.

5. METROPOLIS
 From a Greek word meaning “mother city”
 Also called as metropolitan area
 A major city together with its suburbs and nearby cities, towns and
environment
 Major city exercises a commanding economic and social influence
 Larger metropolitan areas are dominated by EXURBS and SUBURBS

6. SUBURB AND EXURB
 SUBURB
A Residential area outside of a city that is close enough for a daily
commute
Are largely within the continuous built-up urban areas
 Exurb
 An area beyond the suburbs where wealthy and affluent individuals live
 Generally in the metropolitan areas, but outside the built-up urban areas

7. HISTORY
 First cities appeared thousand of years ago in areas where the land
was fertile such as:
Mesopotamia - around 7500 BCE which includes Eridu, Uruk and
Ur
Communities between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers (the so-called
Fertile Crescent)
Along Nile river
Indus River valley in India subcontinent
Yellow (or Huang) river in China

8. HISTORY

9. ORIGIN AND GROWH OF URBANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
 Earliest urban life begin from Middle East (known as Iraq now) around 3500 BC

10. ORIGIN AND GROWH OF URBANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
 Eventual technological improvements – such as simple tools and
information on how to farm and raise animals – allowed people to
settle in one place. They built villages, with perhaps only a few
hundred people living in each and for the following 5.000 years,
produced just enough food for themselves – with nothing more in
reserve

11. ORIGIN AND GROWH OF URBANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
 About 5,000 years ago, however, humans developed such
innovations as irrigation, metallurgy, and animal-drawn plows.
These developments allowed farmers to produce an excess of food
beyond their immediate needs. The resulting of food led some
people to make their living in other ways: for instance, by making
pottery, weaving and engaging in other nonagricultural activities
that they could sell or exchange with others for the surplus food.
As a result, people moved off the farms, commerce developed and
cities began to farm

12. ORIGIN AND GROWH OF URBANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
 Earliest urban life begin from Middle East (known as Iraq now)
around 3500 BC
 India, China and Mexico were the oldest urban communities
 Chang, an (known as Xian today) and Hangzhou were the world
largest cities in the 13th century which had one million population
 London did not reached one million population until 1700 due to
limit of foods and transportation both size and shares of world’s
urban population were very low

13. ORIGIN AND GROWH OF URBANIZATION
IN THE WORLD
 In 1850 London, Paris and Beijing were the home of more than
millions inhibiters

14. VARIOUS CAUSES OF URBAN GROWTH
 The Natural Increase in Population
 Migration
 Industrialization
 Commercialization
 Advancement of Transport and Communication