Embedded System
Embedded systems are integrated system made up of computer hardware and software that performs a specific job. These embedded systems can operate independently or as part of a larger system and may require minimal or no human intervention to function. The use of embedded systems has become increasingly common in a wide range of industries due to their reliability, efficiency, and ability to perform tasks that may be too complex or time-consuming for humans to complete.
Overview of Embedded Systems Projects Examples.pdfjagan477830
Definition of Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are computer systems that are designed to perform specific tasks, often with real-time computing constraints. They are found in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial automation.
Importance of Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are critical to modern technology, enabling everything from smart homes to medical devices. They are often highly optimized for their specific task, making them more efficient and cost-effective than general-purpose computing systems.
IOT refers to the network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software that can collect and exchange data with each other. Key components include sensors that detect information, actuators that enable physical actions, and communication protocols that allow seamless data transfer. IOT finds applications in healthcare through remote patient monitoring, smart homes with automated lighting and security, predictive maintenance in industry, and precision farming using soil and crop data. The future of IOT will see greater edge computing to reduce latency, integration of artificial intelligence for enhanced analytics, and faster 5G connectivity to support massive data flows, collectively making IOT systems more intelligent and responsive.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation systems and their components. It discusses how instrumentation systems are made up of sensors, controllers and final control elements to measure process variables. Modern instrumentation relies heavily on digital technologies like microprocessors, computers and networking. Large instrumentation systems can monitor and control many process variables and are used across various industries. The document also covers static and dynamic characteristics that describe instrument performance.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical devices that are connected to the internet and can collect and exchange data. These devices range from everyday objects to industrial equipment. They typically contain sensors to collect data and may have the ability to perform actions autonomously based on the information collected and analyzed. Key aspects of designing IoT systems include considerations around the devices' connectivity, data processing and security, as well as how the different components of the overall system will interact and communicate with each other.
Functional Blocks of an IoT Ecosystem
The functioning blocks of Internet of Things devices vary based on their complexity and intention. But some of the common usable functioning blocks of IoT devices are Sensors, Processors, Connectivity Modules, Power supply, Memory and storage, User Interface, Security, Actuators, & data Processing & analytics
INTRODUCTION OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
Sensors can measure or quantify or respond to the ambient changes in their environment or within the intended zone of their deployment
Generate responses to external stimuli or physical phenomenon through input
functions and their conversion into electrical signals.
It is insensitive to any other property besides what it is designed to detect
A sensor does not influence the measured property
A sensor node
Combination of a sensor or sensors, a processor unit, a radio unit, and a power unit
The nodes are capable of sensing the environment they are set to measure and communicate the information to other sensor nodes or a remote server
Sensing Types
Sensing is divided into 4 categories based on the nature of the environment being sensed and the physical sensors being used to do: 1) scalar sensing, 2) multimedia sensing, 3) hybrid sensing, and 4) virtual sensing
Active or passive:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they produce an energy output and typically require an external power supply (active).
Whether they simply receive energy and typically require no external power supply (passive).
Invasive or non-invasive:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether a sensor is part of the environment it is measuring (invasive)
External to it (non-invasive).
Contact or no-contact:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they require physical contact with what they are measuring (contact) or not (no-contact).
Absolute or relative:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they measure on an absolute scale (absolute) or based on a difference with a fixed or variable reference value (relative).
Categorization based on what physical phenomenon a sensor is measuring
A machine or system’s component that can affect the movement or control the said
mechanism or the system.
Control systems affect changes to the environment or property they are controlling
through actuators.
The system activates the actuator through a control signal, which may be digital or analog.
The outline of a simple actuation system.
Actuators are divided into seven classes:
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Thermal / magnetic
Mechanical
Soft memory polymers
Shape memory polymers.
Hydraulic actuators
Pneumatic actuators
The document describes an internship project carried out at Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt. Ltd. by Dharshan A Y, a student of RNS Institute of Technology. Take It Smart is an engineering and software company based in Bangalore that provides services such as embedded applications development, web and app development, and IT services. The internship project involved developing an embedded system using Arduino and sensors for IoT applications. Key hardware components used included Arduino Uno, Bluetooth module, flame sensor, IR sensor, and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
Overview of Embedded Systems Projects Examples.pdfjagan477830
Definition of Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are computer systems that are designed to perform specific tasks, often with real-time computing constraints. They are found in a wide range of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial automation.
Importance of Embedded Systems: Embedded systems are critical to modern technology, enabling everything from smart homes to medical devices. They are often highly optimized for their specific task, making them more efficient and cost-effective than general-purpose computing systems.
IOT refers to the network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software that can collect and exchange data with each other. Key components include sensors that detect information, actuators that enable physical actions, and communication protocols that allow seamless data transfer. IOT finds applications in healthcare through remote patient monitoring, smart homes with automated lighting and security, predictive maintenance in industry, and precision farming using soil and crop data. The future of IOT will see greater edge computing to reduce latency, integration of artificial intelligence for enhanced analytics, and faster 5G connectivity to support massive data flows, collectively making IOT systems more intelligent and responsive.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation systems and their components. It discusses how instrumentation systems are made up of sensors, controllers and final control elements to measure process variables. Modern instrumentation relies heavily on digital technologies like microprocessors, computers and networking. Large instrumentation systems can monitor and control many process variables and are used across various industries. The document also covers static and dynamic characteristics that describe instrument performance.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical devices that are connected to the internet and can collect and exchange data. These devices range from everyday objects to industrial equipment. They typically contain sensors to collect data and may have the ability to perform actions autonomously based on the information collected and analyzed. Key aspects of designing IoT systems include considerations around the devices' connectivity, data processing and security, as well as how the different components of the overall system will interact and communicate with each other.
Functional Blocks of an IoT Ecosystem
The functioning blocks of Internet of Things devices vary based on their complexity and intention. But some of the common usable functioning blocks of IoT devices are Sensors, Processors, Connectivity Modules, Power supply, Memory and storage, User Interface, Security, Actuators, & data Processing & analytics
INTRODUCTION OF SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
Sensors can measure or quantify or respond to the ambient changes in their environment or within the intended zone of their deployment
Generate responses to external stimuli or physical phenomenon through input
functions and their conversion into electrical signals.
It is insensitive to any other property besides what it is designed to detect
A sensor does not influence the measured property
A sensor node
Combination of a sensor or sensors, a processor unit, a radio unit, and a power unit
The nodes are capable of sensing the environment they are set to measure and communicate the information to other sensor nodes or a remote server
Sensing Types
Sensing is divided into 4 categories based on the nature of the environment being sensed and the physical sensors being used to do: 1) scalar sensing, 2) multimedia sensing, 3) hybrid sensing, and 4) virtual sensing
Active or passive:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they produce an energy output and typically require an external power supply (active).
Whether they simply receive energy and typically require no external power supply (passive).
Invasive or non-invasive:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether a sensor is part of the environment it is measuring (invasive)
External to it (non-invasive).
Contact or no-contact:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they require physical contact with what they are measuring (contact) or not (no-contact).
Absolute or relative:
Sensors can be categorized based on whether they measure on an absolute scale (absolute) or based on a difference with a fixed or variable reference value (relative).
Categorization based on what physical phenomenon a sensor is measuring
A machine or system’s component that can affect the movement or control the said
mechanism or the system.
Control systems affect changes to the environment or property they are controlling
through actuators.
The system activates the actuator through a control signal, which may be digital or analog.
The outline of a simple actuation system.
Actuators are divided into seven classes:
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Electrical
Thermal / magnetic
Mechanical
Soft memory polymers
Shape memory polymers.
Hydraulic actuators
Pneumatic actuators
The document describes an internship project carried out at Take It Smart (OPC) Pvt. Ltd. by Dharshan A Y, a student of RNS Institute of Technology. Take It Smart is an engineering and software company based in Bangalore that provides services such as embedded applications development, web and app development, and IT services. The internship project involved developing an embedded system using Arduino and sensors for IoT applications. Key hardware components used included Arduino Uno, Bluetooth module, flame sensor, IR sensor, and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical objects to the internet to remotely monitor and control them. The document outlines key IoT technologies like communication, identification, sensing, and localization. It provides examples of IoT applications in various domains like environmental monitoring, transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, building automation, and more. The document concludes that IoT represents the future evolution of the internet and has potential to change the world for the better if key stakeholders work together on common standards.
This document discusses key factors in optimizing smart hospital design using IoT technology. It begins with an introduction to smart hospitals and IoT. It then discusses challenges in healthcare like patient safety and costs that smart hospital design addresses. The benefits of smart hospital design are improved patient outcomes, staff efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Key factors in design include patient-centered focus, flexibility, scalability, interoperability, and security. Optimizing the networking layer requires considering security, standardization, scalability, and privacy. Wearable and ambient sensors provide physiological and environmental data. The remote services layer must effectively manage connected devices through computational design, node placement, and parameters.
IRJET- Energy Consumption and Monitoring System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes an energy monitoring system that uses IoT technology to monitor and display the power consumption of individual devices. The system collects power consumption data from smart plugs and sensors, sends the data over WiFi to a microcontroller and web server. This allows users to view energy usage on a mobile app in real-time. The goal is to help users analyze energy consumption at the device level to detect billing errors and better manage usage by identifying inefficient devices. The system was implemented using an Arduino microcontroller, current sensors, WiFi module and mobile app. It provides wireless monitoring of devices and can automatically shut off power to devices that exceed set limits.
IRJET- Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart GridIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to create a smart grid system that can automatically reroute power from one grid station to another if there is a fault, preventing power outages.
2) It describes how sensors would be used in the smart grid system for monitoring grid stations and transformers as well as preventing electricity theft.
3) The system aims to solve the problem of power outages occurring when a grid station fails by connecting customer loads to a backup grid station through IoT technology with a single click.
The Internet of Things (IoT) Product Proposal AssignmentINF220 In.docxarmitageclaire49
The Internet of Things (IoT) Product Proposal Assignment
INF220: Information Systems Principles
The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefit.
The IoT products and solutions in each of these markets have different characteristics:
Manufacturing
:
By networking machinery, sensors, and control systems together, the IoT intelligent systems enable rapid manufacturing of new products, dynamic response to product demands, and real-time optimization of manufacturing production and supply chain networks.
Media:
The combination of analytics for conversion tracking with behavioral targeting and programmatic media has unlocked a new level of precision that enables display advertising to be focused on the devices of people with relevant interests.
Environmental Monitoring:
Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically utilize sensors to assist in environmental protection by monitoring air or water quality, atmospheric or soil conditions, and even the movements of wildlife and their habitats. Development of resource-constrained devices connected to the Internet also means that other applications like earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be used by emergency services to provide more effective aid.
Infrastructure Management:
The IoT infrastructure can be used to monitor any events or changes in structural conditions that can compromise safety and increase risk. It can also be utilized to schedule repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities.
Energy Management:
It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms of energy-consuming devices (switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) and be able to communicate with the utility supply company in order to effectively balance power generation and energy usage.
Medical and Healthcare Systems:
IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification systems. These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure and heart rate monitors to advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized implants, such as pacemakers or advanced hearing aids. Specialized sensors can also be equipped within living spaces to monitor the health and general well-being of senior citizens while also ensuring that proper treatment is being administered as well as assisting people regain lost mobility via therapy.
Building and Home Automation:
IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical, and electronic systems used in various types of buildings (e.g., public and private, industrial, institutions, or residential). Home automation systems, like other building automation systems, a.
This document provides an introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), including potential application areas like smart cities and healthcare. It describes the characteristics of IoT systems like being dynamic, self-configuring, and having unique device identities. The "things" in IoT can be sensors, appliances, and vehicles that collect and exchange data. The IoT stack consists of layers including the physical sensor layer, network layer, and application layer. Enabling technologies that power IoT include sensors, cloud computing, embedded systems, and communication protocols. Challenges of IoT include security, privacy, connectivity and power requirements. IoT systems can operate at different levels from device connectivity to global integration. IoT is related to but broader than
IRJET- Smart Security System in Homes using Simple Internet of Things Ena...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a smart security system for homes using Internet of Things technologies. The system uses sensors and logical algorithms to identify normal user behavior at home access points and verify identities to improve security. When testing the system in a studio apartment over one month, it successfully detected all state changes at entry points 55 times, generating 14 warnings and 5 alarms without any false alarms. The system aims to address security issues in existing home automation and provide more flexible, affordable security using low-cost sensors and microcontrollers.
This document discusses a proposed system for warehouse management using IoT. The system would use sensors like DHT11 (for temperature and humidity), a flame detector, and an ADXL335 accelerometer to continuously monitor the environment in a warehouse for factors like temperature, moisture, fire, and earthquakes. If any emergency events are detected, such as a fire or earthquake, the system would send alert messages via GSM to notify warehouse officials, emergency services, and hospitals so they can respond quickly. The system aims to automate environmental monitoring and alerting to improve safety and efficiency over manual methods, while using low-cost, low-power components suitable for rural areas.
Wind Turbine Monitoring System Using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on developing an IoT-based wind turbine monitoring system. Researchers installed various sensors on a wind turbine to measure parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, rain detection, object detection and distance. The sensor data is transmitted to a cloud server and displayed on a dashboard for remote monitoring. This allows authorized personnel to track the turbine's performance, identify any issues, and schedule maintenance efficiently. Analyzing the collected operational data can also help optimize the turbine's design. The study demonstrated that this IoT-based approach provides benefits like reduced costs, improved safety and efficiency compared to traditional monitoring methods.
IRJET- Fuel Theft Detection Location Tracing using Internet of ThingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a fuel theft detection and location tracing system using Internet of Things. It discusses how the current framework has low accuracy in detecting fuel theft from vehicle tanks. The proposed system uses a flow sensor to calculate the amount of fuel filled and an ultrasonic sensor to continuously monitor the fuel level. If a sudden drop in fuel level is detected, the system will ring an alarm and notify the vehicle owner. It also allows fraudulent activities to be directly reported to authorities. The system stores historical data for future use.
IRJET- Solar Power Based Remote Monitoring and Control of Industrial Paramete...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for remote monitoring and control of industrial parameters using solar power and IoT technology. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, pressure, gas levels etc. and sends the data via an IoT module to the cloud for storage. A user can access the parameter values through software on their device and control devices remotely. If any parameters exceed thresholds, automated actions are taken like turning on cooling fans. The system aims to improve safety and efficiency by allowing constant remote monitoring without human intervention. It can send alerts if emergencies like fires occur and notify authorities. The solar power aspect makes it more sustainable by reducing energy usage for monitoring.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate computation, networking, and physical processes. They tightly couple cyber and physical components by coordinating computing and communication with physical elements through sensors, actuators, and control loops. Examples of CPS include smart grids, autonomous vehicles, medical monitoring systems, industrial control systems, and intelligent buildings. CPS bring benefits like safer and more efficient systems through real-time monitoring and control of physical processes.
Presentation on Industrial Automation by Vivek Atalkar Vivek Atalkar
Industrial automation is the use of technology and control systems to operate, monitor, and optimize industrial processes, machinery, and equipment. It involves the use of various technologies, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, and robotics, to automate repetitive and complex tasks, improve efficiency, and reduce costs.
The primary benefit of industrial automation is improved productivity. By automating repetitive tasks, machines can work faster and more accurately, leading to increased output and lower production costs. Automation can also lead to better quality control, reducing defects and waste. Industrial automation can also help businesses to save on labor costs, as machines can perform tasks that would otherwise require human labor.
Another significant benefit of industrial automation is increased safety. Automation can help to reduce the risk of injury to workers by performing hazardous tasks or operating in dangerous environments. It can also help to reduce the risk of human error, which can lead to accidents and injuries.
There are several types of industrial automation, including process automation, discrete automation, and hybrid automation. Process automation involves controlling the flow of materials and products through a manufacturing process. This type of automation is commonly used in chemical plants, food processing, and other industries where there is a continuous flow of materials.
Discrete automation involves controlling individual machines or components, such as robotic arms, conveyors, or assembly lines. This type of automation is commonly used in automotive manufacturing, electronics, and other industries where there is a need to perform specific tasks.
Hybrid automation involves combining process and discrete automation to optimize production. This type of automation is commonly used in industries such as aerospace, defense, and medical device manufacturing, where there is a need to balance the efficiency of the manufacturing process with the precision and accuracy required to produce complex products.
Industrial automation also offers several advantages beyond increased productivity, safety, and quality control. It can help to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact by optimizing the use of resources such as water, electricity, and raw materials. Automation can also improve data collection and analysis, providing valuable insights into production processes that can help to identify areas for improvement and optimize performance.
In recent years, industrial automation has become increasingly accessible to smaller businesses, thanks to advancements in technology and the availability of off-the-shelf automation solutions. As a result, industrial automation is no longer just for large corporations with vast resources, but is becoming more widely adopted across a range of industries and business sizes.
Iot assignment for sensors and actuators.pptxAshwanthram6
The document discusses steps for home automation design including finding needs, presenting a plan, advising on equipment, installing wiring and equipment, programming controls, and providing ongoing support. It also discusses controlling smart appliances via web and mobile apps. For example, a web app could monitor energy usage of a smart home appliance and a mobile app could control devices like a fan and TV. The document also discusses presenting on observable, automated, and controllable green energy using IoT sensors including discussing energy monitoring with smart meters, automating greenhouse environments using sensors, and using artificial intelligence for prediction and control.
Energy-efficient Intelligent Street Lighting SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on an energy-efficient intelligent street lighting system. The proposed system combines motion sensing, light sensing, and automatic dimming control features. It uses sensors like a light dependent resistor and motion sensor along with a microcontroller and WiFi module to automatically adjust the brightness of LED street lights based on ambient light levels and detected movement. This is intended to reduce energy consumption by preventing lights from remaining on during daylight hours or when no traffic is present. The system architecture and algorithm are described and it is suggested this approach could lower costs by using less energy and extending the lifetime of the lights.
Smart sensors integrate a sensor, processor and communication interface into a single package. They can identify themselves, calibrate automatically and transmit digital sensor data remotely. Some key applications of smart sensors include smart grids, environmental monitoring, traffic control, and robotics. Smart sensors increase speed, efficiency and accuracy in data collection while aiding automation and reducing space needs compared to traditional sensors. Common types are level, temperature, pressure, infrared and proximity sensors. Smart sensors are important for Industry 4.0 as they can continuously monitor industrial processes and send data to cloud platforms.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a vast network of interconnected physical devices, objects, and systems that can collect and exchange data over the internet. These devices are equipped with sensors, actuators, and communication modules that allow them to interact with each other, as well as with centralized systems or cloud platforms.
1) The document describes a smart campus energy management system that uses Bluetooth beacons, sensors, a microcontroller, and a mobile app to automatically control electrical appliances and reduce energy consumption.
2) The system determines if a user enters or exits a room using beacons and sensors to track the user's location and movement. It then controls power to appliances accordingly to cut off power when users are not present.
3) This smart energy management system aims to reduce energy costs by ensuring energy usage is only when needed and avoiding wastage when rooms are unoccupied.
Internet of Things(IoT):
Exploring The World of The Internet of Things.
Internet of Things, refers to a network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity capabilities, allowing them to collect and exchange data. These interconnected devices, ranging from everyday objects to industrial machinery, communicate with each other and with the internet, enabling automation, remote monitoring, and intelligent decision-making.
The document describes a smart sensory furniture system that aims to monitor elderly individuals living alone. The system integrates sensors and actuators into furniture to capture interactions between people and their environment. Sensors can be placed in different parts of furniture or across multiple pieces. A communication structure allows sensors to send data wirelessly. Middleware is developed to manage the furniture and provide monitoring, control and autonomous capabilities. The system monitors factors like temperature, heartbeat and respiration rates to detect any changes from normal daily activities that could indicate issues with well-being or emergencies. If abnormalities are detected, alert messages are sent to caregivers. The goal is to provide virtual supervision for elderly safety and well-being without needing full-time care.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical objects to the internet to remotely monitor and control them. The document outlines key IoT technologies like communication, identification, sensing, and localization. It provides examples of IoT applications in various domains like environmental monitoring, transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, building automation, and more. The document concludes that IoT represents the future evolution of the internet and has potential to change the world for the better if key stakeholders work together on common standards.
This document discusses key factors in optimizing smart hospital design using IoT technology. It begins with an introduction to smart hospitals and IoT. It then discusses challenges in healthcare like patient safety and costs that smart hospital design addresses. The benefits of smart hospital design are improved patient outcomes, staff efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Key factors in design include patient-centered focus, flexibility, scalability, interoperability, and security. Optimizing the networking layer requires considering security, standardization, scalability, and privacy. Wearable and ambient sensors provide physiological and environmental data. The remote services layer must effectively manage connected devices through computational design, node placement, and parameters.
IRJET- Energy Consumption and Monitoring System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes an energy monitoring system that uses IoT technology to monitor and display the power consumption of individual devices. The system collects power consumption data from smart plugs and sensors, sends the data over WiFi to a microcontroller and web server. This allows users to view energy usage on a mobile app in real-time. The goal is to help users analyze energy consumption at the device level to detect billing errors and better manage usage by identifying inefficient devices. The system was implemented using an Arduino microcontroller, current sensors, WiFi module and mobile app. It provides wireless monitoring of devices and can automatically shut off power to devices that exceed set limits.
IRJET- Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart GridIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to create a smart grid system that can automatically reroute power from one grid station to another if there is a fault, preventing power outages.
2) It describes how sensors would be used in the smart grid system for monitoring grid stations and transformers as well as preventing electricity theft.
3) The system aims to solve the problem of power outages occurring when a grid station fails by connecting customer loads to a backup grid station through IoT technology with a single click.
The Internet of Things (IoT) Product Proposal AssignmentINF220 In.docxarmitageclaire49
The Internet of Things (IoT) Product Proposal Assignment
INF220: Information Systems Principles
The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefit.
The IoT products and solutions in each of these markets have different characteristics:
Manufacturing
:
By networking machinery, sensors, and control systems together, the IoT intelligent systems enable rapid manufacturing of new products, dynamic response to product demands, and real-time optimization of manufacturing production and supply chain networks.
Media:
The combination of analytics for conversion tracking with behavioral targeting and programmatic media has unlocked a new level of precision that enables display advertising to be focused on the devices of people with relevant interests.
Environmental Monitoring:
Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically utilize sensors to assist in environmental protection by monitoring air or water quality, atmospheric or soil conditions, and even the movements of wildlife and their habitats. Development of resource-constrained devices connected to the Internet also means that other applications like earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be used by emergency services to provide more effective aid.
Infrastructure Management:
The IoT infrastructure can be used to monitor any events or changes in structural conditions that can compromise safety and increase risk. It can also be utilized to schedule repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner by coordinating tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities.
Energy Management:
It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms of energy-consuming devices (switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) and be able to communicate with the utility supply company in order to effectively balance power generation and energy usage.
Medical and Healthcare Systems:
IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification systems. These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure and heart rate monitors to advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized implants, such as pacemakers or advanced hearing aids. Specialized sensors can also be equipped within living spaces to monitor the health and general well-being of senior citizens while also ensuring that proper treatment is being administered as well as assisting people regain lost mobility via therapy.
Building and Home Automation:
IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical, and electronic systems used in various types of buildings (e.g., public and private, industrial, institutions, or residential). Home automation systems, like other building automation systems, a.
This document provides an introduction to Internet of Things (IoT), including potential application areas like smart cities and healthcare. It describes the characteristics of IoT systems like being dynamic, self-configuring, and having unique device identities. The "things" in IoT can be sensors, appliances, and vehicles that collect and exchange data. The IoT stack consists of layers including the physical sensor layer, network layer, and application layer. Enabling technologies that power IoT include sensors, cloud computing, embedded systems, and communication protocols. Challenges of IoT include security, privacy, connectivity and power requirements. IoT systems can operate at different levels from device connectivity to global integration. IoT is related to but broader than
IRJET- Smart Security System in Homes using Simple Internet of Things Ena...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a smart security system for homes using Internet of Things technologies. The system uses sensors and logical algorithms to identify normal user behavior at home access points and verify identities to improve security. When testing the system in a studio apartment over one month, it successfully detected all state changes at entry points 55 times, generating 14 warnings and 5 alarms without any false alarms. The system aims to address security issues in existing home automation and provide more flexible, affordable security using low-cost sensors and microcontrollers.
This document discusses a proposed system for warehouse management using IoT. The system would use sensors like DHT11 (for temperature and humidity), a flame detector, and an ADXL335 accelerometer to continuously monitor the environment in a warehouse for factors like temperature, moisture, fire, and earthquakes. If any emergency events are detected, such as a fire or earthquake, the system would send alert messages via GSM to notify warehouse officials, emergency services, and hospitals so they can respond quickly. The system aims to automate environmental monitoring and alerting to improve safety and efficiency over manual methods, while using low-cost, low-power components suitable for rural areas.
Wind Turbine Monitoring System Using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on developing an IoT-based wind turbine monitoring system. Researchers installed various sensors on a wind turbine to measure parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, rain detection, object detection and distance. The sensor data is transmitted to a cloud server and displayed on a dashboard for remote monitoring. This allows authorized personnel to track the turbine's performance, identify any issues, and schedule maintenance efficiently. Analyzing the collected operational data can also help optimize the turbine's design. The study demonstrated that this IoT-based approach provides benefits like reduced costs, improved safety and efficiency compared to traditional monitoring methods.
IRJET- Fuel Theft Detection Location Tracing using Internet of ThingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a fuel theft detection and location tracing system using Internet of Things. It discusses how the current framework has low accuracy in detecting fuel theft from vehicle tanks. The proposed system uses a flow sensor to calculate the amount of fuel filled and an ultrasonic sensor to continuously monitor the fuel level. If a sudden drop in fuel level is detected, the system will ring an alarm and notify the vehicle owner. It also allows fraudulent activities to be directly reported to authorities. The system stores historical data for future use.
IRJET- Solar Power Based Remote Monitoring and Control of Industrial Paramete...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for remote monitoring and control of industrial parameters using solar power and IoT technology. The system uses various sensors to measure parameters like temperature, pressure, gas levels etc. and sends the data via an IoT module to the cloud for storage. A user can access the parameter values through software on their device and control devices remotely. If any parameters exceed thresholds, automated actions are taken like turning on cooling fans. The system aims to improve safety and efficiency by allowing constant remote monitoring without human intervention. It can send alerts if emergencies like fires occur and notify authorities. The solar power aspect makes it more sustainable by reducing energy usage for monitoring.
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) integrate computation, networking, and physical processes. They tightly couple cyber and physical components by coordinating computing and communication with physical elements through sensors, actuators, and control loops. Examples of CPS include smart grids, autonomous vehicles, medical monitoring systems, industrial control systems, and intelligent buildings. CPS bring benefits like safer and more efficient systems through real-time monitoring and control of physical processes.
Presentation on Industrial Automation by Vivek Atalkar Vivek Atalkar
Industrial automation is the use of technology and control systems to operate, monitor, and optimize industrial processes, machinery, and equipment. It involves the use of various technologies, including programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, and robotics, to automate repetitive and complex tasks, improve efficiency, and reduce costs.
The primary benefit of industrial automation is improved productivity. By automating repetitive tasks, machines can work faster and more accurately, leading to increased output and lower production costs. Automation can also lead to better quality control, reducing defects and waste. Industrial automation can also help businesses to save on labor costs, as machines can perform tasks that would otherwise require human labor.
Another significant benefit of industrial automation is increased safety. Automation can help to reduce the risk of injury to workers by performing hazardous tasks or operating in dangerous environments. It can also help to reduce the risk of human error, which can lead to accidents and injuries.
There are several types of industrial automation, including process automation, discrete automation, and hybrid automation. Process automation involves controlling the flow of materials and products through a manufacturing process. This type of automation is commonly used in chemical plants, food processing, and other industries where there is a continuous flow of materials.
Discrete automation involves controlling individual machines or components, such as robotic arms, conveyors, or assembly lines. This type of automation is commonly used in automotive manufacturing, electronics, and other industries where there is a need to perform specific tasks.
Hybrid automation involves combining process and discrete automation to optimize production. This type of automation is commonly used in industries such as aerospace, defense, and medical device manufacturing, where there is a need to balance the efficiency of the manufacturing process with the precision and accuracy required to produce complex products.
Industrial automation also offers several advantages beyond increased productivity, safety, and quality control. It can help to improve energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact by optimizing the use of resources such as water, electricity, and raw materials. Automation can also improve data collection and analysis, providing valuable insights into production processes that can help to identify areas for improvement and optimize performance.
In recent years, industrial automation has become increasingly accessible to smaller businesses, thanks to advancements in technology and the availability of off-the-shelf automation solutions. As a result, industrial automation is no longer just for large corporations with vast resources, but is becoming more widely adopted across a range of industries and business sizes.
Iot assignment for sensors and actuators.pptxAshwanthram6
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1) The document describes a smart campus energy management system that uses Bluetooth beacons, sensors, a microcontroller, and a mobile app to automatically control electrical appliances and reduce energy consumption.
2) The system determines if a user enters or exits a room using beacons and sensors to track the user's location and movement. It then controls power to appliances accordingly to cut off power when users are not present.
3) This smart energy management system aims to reduce energy costs by ensuring energy usage is only when needed and avoiding wastage when rooms are unoccupied.
Internet of Things(IoT):
Exploring The World of The Internet of Things.
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The document describes a smart sensory furniture system that aims to monitor elderly individuals living alone. The system integrates sensors and actuators into furniture to capture interactions between people and their environment. Sensors can be placed in different parts of furniture or across multiple pieces. A communication structure allows sensors to send data wirelessly. Middleware is developed to manage the furniture and provide monitoring, control and autonomous capabilities. The system monitors factors like temperature, heartbeat and respiration rates to detect any changes from normal daily activities that could indicate issues with well-being or emergencies. If abnormalities are detected, alert messages are sent to caregivers. The goal is to provide virtual supervision for elderly safety and well-being without needing full-time care.
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1. Subject- Internet of Things (CO312)
Unit No: -1 Introduction
Sanjivani Rural Education Society’s
Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon-423 603
(An Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)
NACC ‘A’ Grade Accredited, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Department of Computer Engineering
(NBA Accredited)
3. Introduction
Embedded System
Embedded systems are integrated system made up of computer hardware and software that performs a
specific job. These embedded systems can operate independently or as part of a larger system and may
require minimal or no human intervention to function. The use of embedded systems has become increasingly
common in a wide range of industries due to their reliability, efficiency, and ability to perform tasks that may
be too complex or time-consuming for humans to complete.
Definition of Embedded System: -
Embedded systems are characterized by their purpose-built functionality, real-time operation, limited
resources, reliability, low power consumption, and integration with physical systems.
5. Introduction
• Performs specific tasks: Embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks or functions. They are
optimized for the particular task they are intended to perform, which makes them more efficient and
reliable.
• Low Cost: Embedded systems are typically designed to be cost-effective. This is because they are often
used in large volumes, and the cost per unit must be low to make the product economically viable.
• Time Specific: Embedded systems must operate within a specific time frame. This is important in
applications such as industrial control systems, where timing is critical for safety and efficiency.
• Low Power: Embedded systems are designed to operate with minimal power consumption. This is
important for applications where the system needs to operate for extended periods on battery power or
where power consumption needs to be minimized to reduce operating costs.
• High Efficiency: Embedded systems are designed to be highly efficient in terms of processing power,
memory usage, and energy consumption. This ensures that they can perform their specific task with
maximum efficiency and reliability.
6. Introduction
• Minimal User Interface: Many embedded systems do not require a complex user interface. They are
often designed to operate autonomously or with minimal user intervention.
• Highly Stable: Embedded systems are typically designed to be stable and reliable. They are often
used in applications where failure is not an option, such as in medical devices or aviation.
• High Reliability: Embedded systems are designed to operate reliably and consistently over long
periods. This is important in applications where downtime can be costly or dangerous.
7. Introduction
Modern IoT Applications: -
Modern IoT (Internet of Things) applications encompass a broad range of domains, leveraging
interconnected devices and sensors to collect, exchange, and analyse data for various purposes. Here are
some examples of modern IoT applications:
1. Smart Home Automation: IoT devices such as smart thermostats, lighting systems, security cameras, and
smart appliances enable homeowners to remotely monitor and control their home environment, enhance
security, and optimize energy usage.
2. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): In industrial settings, IoT applications involve the use of sensors,
actuators, and connected devices to optimize manufacturing processes, monitor equipment health, predict
maintenance needs, and improve overall efficiency and productivity.
3. Smart Cities: IoT technologies are deployed in urban environments to enhance infrastructure management,
traffic control, waste management, public safety, and environmental monitoring. Examples include smart
streetlights, traffic management systems, and air quality sensors.
8. Introduction
4. Healthcare Monitoring and Wearables: IoT devices such as wearable fitness trackers, smartwatches, and
medical sensors enable continuous monitoring of vital signs, medication adherence, and overall health
status. These devices can provide valuable insights to healthcare professionals and improve patient
outcomes.
5. Precision Agriculture: IoT solutions are employed in agriculture to monitor soil moisture levels, crop
health, weather conditions, and equipment performance. This data helps farmers optimize irrigation,
fertilization, and pest control, leading to increased yields and resource efficiency.
6. Supply Chain Management: IoT-enabled tracking and monitoring systems are used in logistics and supply
chain management to improve inventory visibility, streamline operations, ensure product quality, and
enhance shipment tracking and tracing.
7. Smart Retail: Retailers leverage IoT technologies for inventory management, personalized marketing,
customer engagement, and in-store analytics. IoT devices such as RFID tags, beacons, and smart shelves
enable retailers to optimize the shopping experience and increase operational efficiency.
9. Introduction
8. Connected Vehicles: IoT-enabled sensors and telematics systems in vehicles collect data on vehicle
performance, driver behaviour, and traffic conditions. This data is used for predictive maintenance, fleet
management, navigation, and enhancing safety features.
9. Energy Management: IoT applications in energy management involve smart grid technologies, smart
meters, and demand response systems to optimize energy distribution, reduce energy consumption, and
integrate renewable energy sources more effectively.
10. Environmental Monitoring: IoT sensors deployed in environmental monitoring systems measure
parameters such as air quality, water quality, temperature, and humidity. This data helps in pollution control,
natural resource management, and disaster preparedness.
10. Introduction
Sensors and Actuators: -
Sensors and actuators are fundamental components of many embedded systems and IoT applications,
enabling them to interact with the physical world.
Sensors and actuators are two vital components of embedded and electronic system actuator form a
link with the output parts while sensor connect to the input ports of a given system this components are
used to facilitate efficient output in many real life applications such as process control system in a home
automation and security system both activator and sensor play a significant role in condition based
maintenance they serve as a mediator between the electronic system where they are embedded and
physical environment
11. Introduction
Sensors:
Definition: A sensor is a device that detects or measures physical properties (such as temperature,
pressure, light, motion, proximity, etc.) and converts them into electrical signals or digital data that can be
processed by a computer or microcontroller.
Types of Sensors:
• Temperature Sensors: Measure temperature variations.
• Pressure Sensors: Measure pressure changes in gases or liquids.
• Proximity Sensors: Detect the presence or absence of nearby objects.
• Motion Sensors: Detect motion or movement.
• Light Sensors: Measure light intensity or ambient light levels.
• Accelerometers: Measure acceleration forces.
• Gyroscopes: Measure angular velocity or orientation.
• Humidity Sensors: Measure humidity levels in the air.
• Biometric Sensors: Measure biological parameters such as heart rate, fingerprints, etc.
12. Introduction
Working Principle: Sensors typically work based on various principles such as resistance change,
capacitance change, piezoelectric effect, Hall effect, etc., depending on the type of sensor and the physical
property being measured.
Applications: Sensors are used in a wide range of applications, including automotive (e.g., tire pressure
monitoring), healthcare (e.g., heart rate monitors), industrial automation (e.g., temperature control),
consumer electronics (e.g., touchscreens), environmental monitoring, and more.
13. Introduction
Actuators:
Definition: An actuator is a device that converts electrical signals or digital commands into physical action
or movement. Actuators are used to control or manipulate systems, devices, or processes.
Types of Actuators:
• Electric Motors: Convert electrical energy into mechanical motion (e.g., DC motors, stepper motors,
servo motors).
• Solenoids: Electromagnetic devices that produce linear or rotational motion when energized.
• Pneumatic Actuators: Use compressed air to generate mechanical motion (e.g., pneumatic cylinders).
• Hydraulic Actuators: Use hydraulic fluid to produce linear or rotary motion (e.g., hydraulic cylinders).
14. Introduction
Working Principle: Actuators operate based on principles such as electromagnetic forces, fluid pressure,
or mechanical linkages, depending on the type of actuator.
Applications: Actuators are used in a wide range of applications, including robotics, industrial automation
(e.g., valve control), automotive systems (e.g., power windows), aerospace (e.g., flight control surfaces),
HVAC systems, medical devices, and more.
15. Introduction
IoT Architecture and block diagram Networking for IoT: Connectivity Terminologies
Architecture of IoT
There are different phases in the architecture of IoT but they can vary according to the situations but
generally, there are these four phases in the architecture of IoT −
Networked Devices
These are the physical devices which include sensors, actuators, and transducers. These are the actual
devices that collect and send the data for processing. They are capable of receiving real-time data and they
can convert the physical quantities into electrical signals which can be sent through a network.
Data Aggregation
It is a very important stage as it includes converting the raw data collected by sensors into meaningful data
which can be used to take actions. It also includes Data Acquisition Systems and Internet Gateways. It
converts the Analog signals provided by sensors into digital signals.
16. Introduction
Final Analysis
This is a stage that includes edge IT analytics and the processing of data to make it more efficient and fully
capable of execution. It also includes managing and locating all the devices correctly
Cloud Analysis
The final data is received here and analysed closely and precisely in data centres. They process and clean the
data to make it free from any kind of errors and missing values. After this stage, data is ready to be sent back
and executed to perform operations.
17. Introduction
Now let us see the basic fundamental architecture of IoT which consists of four stages as shown in the
diagram given below –
18. Introduction
• Sensing Layer − The first stage of IoT includes sensors, devices, actuators etc. which collect data from the
physical environment, processes it and then sends it over the network.
• Network Layer − The second stage of the IoT consists of Network Gateways and Data Acquisition Systems.
DAS converts the analogue data (collected from Sensors) into Digital Data. It also performs malware
detection and data management.
• Data Processing Layer − The third stage of IoT is the most important stage. Here, data is pre-processed on
its variety and separated accordingly. After this, it is sent to Data Centres. Here Edge IT comes into use.
• Application Layer − The fourth stage of IoT consists of Cloud/Data Centres where data is managed and
used by applications like agriculture, defence, health care etc.
19. Introduction
Terminologies in IoT Networking:
• MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): A lightweight messaging protocol for small sensors and
mobile devices, optimized for high-latency or unreliable networks.
• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): A lightweight protocol designed for resource-constrained
devices and networks, commonly used in IoT applications.
• 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low-power Wireless Personal Area Networks): A protocol adaptation layer that
allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over low power wireless networks such as IEEE 802.15.4.
• Edge Computing: Processing data near the source (device or sensor) rather than sending it to a centralized
data centre or cloud, reducing latency and bandwidth usage.
20. Introduction
• Fog Computing: Extending cloud computing to the edge of the network, enabling data processing and
analysis closer to the data source.
• Digital Twins: Virtual representations of physical objects or systems, used for simulation, monitoring, and
analysis.
21. Introduction
IoT Network Configuration:
• Topology: Determine the network topology based on the deployment environment and requirements.
Common topologies include star, mesh, and hybrid topologies.
• IP Addressing: Assign IP addresses to IoT devices based on the network topology and addressing
scheme.
• Security: Implement security measures such as encryption, authentication, access control, and intrusion
detection to protect IoT devices and data.
• Quality of Service (QoS): Configure QoS parameters to ensure reliable and timely delivery of data,
especially for real-time applications.
22. Introduction
• Scalability: Design the network to accommodate future growth in the number of IoT devices and the
volume of data.
• Monitoring and Management: Implement tools and processes for monitoring the network performance,
managing IoT devices, and troubleshooting issues as they arise