This document discusses embedded systems and the C programming language used for embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a combination of hardware and software that can be found in devices like washing machines, digital watches, and iPods. It describes the three types of embedded systems as small, medium, and large scale. It also outlines some of the key aspects of C programming for embedded systems, including common data types, operators, input/output functions, and control structures like if/else statements and loops.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEM

2. What is embedded system?

3. It is a combination of hardware and
software.
Some of the applications are for
example:
washing machine
digital watches
Ipod’s and etc..

4. What are the types of
embedded system?

5. Three types of embedded system’s are:
 Small scale embedded system
- digital watches
 Medium scale embedded system
- Ipod’s
 Large scale embedded system
- washing machine

6. What are the languages used in
embedded c?

7. INTRODUCTION OF C
LANGUAGES

8.  The C programming language was designed by
Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in the early
1970s
 Influenced by
◦ ALGOL 60 (1960),
◦ CPL (Cambridge, 1963),
◦ BCPL (Martin Richard, 1967),
◦ B (Ken Thompson, 1970)
 Traditionally used for systems programming,
though this may be changing in favor of C++

9. SOFTWARE
Two types of software's are used
1. Application software
2. Program software
the program s/w will create application
wise program and create normal program
also. Like c, c++,java,and visual basics.

10. Pre
processor
linker assembler
compiler

11. The Preprocessor
◦ #define : defines a macro
◦ #undef : removes a macro definition
◦ #include : insert text from file
◦ #if : conditional based on value of expression
◦ #ifdef : conditional based on whether macro
defined
◦ #ifndef : conditional based on whether macro
is not defined
◦ #else : alternative
◦ #elif : conditional alternative

12. Example program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
Printf(“A PLUS CADD”);
}
Getch();

13. CHARACTER SETS OF C
 Alphabets
single character ‘a’ or string ‘abc’.
 Numbers
int, float, long
 Special characters
: ; “ ‘ , & # * @

14. KEYWORDS
32 keywords
 Int
 float
 If
 If else
 For
 Exit
 Continue

15. VARIABLE and DATA TYPES
 Variable is used to store several values.
 DATA TYPE
character- “char”
integer - “int”
float - “f”

16. TYPES OF OPERATORS
 Arithmetic operators(+ - * / %)
 Relational operator(==,<=,>=,<,>,!=)
 Logical operator(&&,||, ~)
 Assignment operator
 Inc/dec operator(pre,post)
 Conditional operator(check condition)
 Bitwise operator(right and left shift)
 Precedence operator(priority based)

17. INPUT AND OUTPUT SYSTEM
Unformatted formatted
Input output scanf and printf
Getchar() putchar()
Getch() putch()
Getc() putc()
Gets() puts()

18. Examples
 Scanf syntax:
(“control string”,&v1,&v2);
example
scanf(“%d”, &a &b);
 Printf syntax:
(“control string”,&v1,&v2”);
example
printf(“result %d”,a);

19. SPECIFIERS
%c single character
%d decimal integer
%s string
%f,%e float value
%ld long integer
%o octal number
%x hexa decimal number
%h short integer

20. CONTROL STATMENTS
 If
 If else
 If else if
 Switch case
LOOPING
For
while
do while
 GOTO

21. IF CONDITION
Syntax: example:
If(condition) if(y%2==0)
{ {
Statement; printf(“even no”)
} }

22. IF ELSE CONDITION
Syntax: example:
If(condition) if(y%4==0)
{ {
Statement; printf(“leap year”);
} }
Else else
{ {
Statement; printf(“non leap year”);
} }

23. NESTED IF
SYNTAX:
if(condition 1)
{
if(condition 2)
{
statement;
}
Else
{
If(condition 3)
{
Statement;
}

24. Example program
Main()
{
Int a=1,b=2,c=3,d=4;
If(d>c)
if(c>d)
Printf(“%d%d”,d,c);
If(c>a)
Printf(“%d%d,c,d);
If(c>a)
If(b>a)
Printf(“%d%d”,c,a);
If(b>c)
Printf(“%d%d”,b,c);
Return(0);
Getch();
}

25. IF ELSE LADDER
SYNTAX:
if(condition 1)
{
statement;
}
Else if
{
If(condition 2)
{
Statement;
}
Else
{
Statement;
}

26. Example program
If(a<b & b<c & c<d)
{
Printf(“%d”,a);
{
Else if(b<c & c<d)
{
Printf(“%d”,b);
}
Else if(c<d)
{
Printf(“%d”,c);
}
Else
{
Printf(“%d”,d);
}
Getch();
}
Example program to find smallest number

27. LOOPING STATEMENT
WHILE LOOP (entry control loop)
Syntax:
while(condition)
{
Statement;
}

28. Example program
#include<stdio.h>
Void main()
{
Int i;
i=0;
While(i<10)
{
Printf(“%d”,i);
i++;
}
}

29. LOOPING STATEMENT
DO WHILE LOOP (exit control loop)
Syntax:
do
{
Statement;
}
while(condition)

30. Example program
#include<stdio.h>
Void main()
{
Int i;
i=0;
Do
{
Printf()
Scanf(“%d”,i);
i++;
}
While(i<10);
}