This document discusses various video formats and their characteristics. It covers common formats like videodiscs, VHS cassettes, DVDs, and internet video. It describes advantages and limitations of each format. Special video techniques like timelapse, slow motion, close-ups, and animations are also covered. The document discusses educational uses of video including demonstrations, virtual field trips, and developing cognitive and affective skills. It provides guidance on locating, selecting, producing, and utilizing video for instructional purposes.

2. CHAPTER 8:

3. VIDEO FORMATS
- Video versions of the moving image
are recorded on tape or disc.
- vary in size, shape, speed, recording
method, and playback mechanism.
COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
1. VIDEODISC
2. VIDEOCASSETTE (VHS)
3. VIDEOCASSETTE (HI 8)
4. COMPACT DISC (DVD)

4. COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
Videodisc
Diameter: 12 In.
SPEED-30 min. per slide
ADVANTAGES- flexible storage capacity; can hold
54,000 images; still or motion , or audio; fast
random access to specific frames; highly durable;
no wear with use inexpensive when mass produced
LIMITATIONS- not for local production; originals
expensive to produce

5. COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
Videocassette VHS
Tape Width: ½ In.)
SPEED- 1.31 ips1 (120 min. or standard speed)
ADVANTAGES- self-contain and self-threading;
abundant software available; easy local production
LIMITATIONS- video quality low; not broadcast
quality; quality detericrates with use

6. COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
Videocassette (Hi 8)
Tape Width: 8 mm (about ¼
In.)
SPEED- 1.31 ips1 (120 min. or standard speed)
ADVANTAGES- most compaci format; fully
compatibility among all makes and models; easy
local production
LIMITATIONS- video quality lower; limited
acceptance in education; little software available

7. COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
Compact Disc (DVD)
Diameter: 4.72 In.
SPEED- variable high speed
ADVANTAGES- Easy to use low-cost hardware;
worldwide standard self contained hardware.
LIMITATIONS- Limited educational software

8. COMMON VIDEO FORMATS
•INTERNET VIDEO
- Example: live stream like
facebook live, tiktok live, and other
platform.

10. SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VIDEO
MANIPULATION OF TIME
1. COMPRESSION OF TIME
- Time-lapse

11. SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VIDEO
MANIPULATION OF TIME
2. EXPANSION OF TIME
- slow motion

12. SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VIDEO
MANIPULATION OF SPACE
1. MICROCOSM
-extremely close range

13. SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VIDEO
MANIPULATION OF SPACE
2. MACROCOSM
- from a vast distance

14. SPECIAL ATTRIBUTES OF VIDEO
MANIPULATION OF SPACE AND TIME
1. ANIMATION

16. ADVANTAGES OF VIDEO
Motion
- moving images
Processes
- steps
Rich-free Observation
- observe phenomena
Dramatization
- recreations
Skill Learning
- physical skills
Affective Learning
- emotional impact

17. ADVANTAGES OF VIDEO
Problem Solving
- way of dealing with the
problems
Cultural Understanding
- depictions of everyday life in
other societies
Establishing Commonality
- common base experience

19. LIMITATIONS OF VIDEO
Fixed Pace
Talking Head
Still Phenomena
Misinterpretation
Abstract, N0nvisual Instruction
Logistics

21. EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
COGNITIVE SKILLS
In the cognitive domain,
learners can observe dramatic
recreations of historical events
and actual recordings of more
recent events.
DEMONSTRATIONS
Demonstrations of motor skills
can be more easily seen through
media than in real life.
VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP
Videos can take students to
places they might not be able to
go otherwise.

22. EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
DOCUMENTARY
The documentary deals with
fact, not fiction or fictionalized
versions of facts.
DRAMATIZATION
Video has the power to hold
your students spellbound as a
human drama unfolds before
their eyes.
DISCUSSION BASIS
By viewing a video program
together, a diverse group of
learners can build a common
base experience as a catalyst for
discussion.

23. EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT
Most educational presentations
target recipients’ cognitive or
psychomotor domains of
learning.
REPORTS AND PORTFOLIOS
Students can use excerpts from
videos as a part of oral reports,
turning the sound off and using
their own narration.
TRAINING
Video is the most frequently
used training medium by
businesses.

24. EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
CLASSROOMM ACCESS
School-owned video
collections/ school library
media centers

26. SELECTING VIDEO
LOCATING MATERIALS
Program guides and directories
can help you abreast of
available materials in your area
of interest
APPRAISING VIDEOS
After you have located some
potentially useful videos, you
will want to preview and
appraise them. Some schools
and organizations have standard
appraisal forms ready to use.
SPONSORED VIDEOS
Associations and government
agencies sponsor videos to
promote causes, such as better
health habits, conservation of
natural resources, and proper
use of park and recreation areas.

28. PRODUCING VIDEO
ANALOG VIDEO PRODUCTION
-video production requires a camera,
a recorder, microphone, and perhaps
editing equipment.
- hand held cameras usually come
with a microphone built into the front
of the cameras.
DIGITAL VIDEO EDITING
- it refers to the means by which
video can be taken apart and put
back together nonlinearly using
a computer and associated
software.

30. UTILIZING VIDEO
PREVIEW THE MATERIALS
You should always preview
video materials for appraisal
and selection, and should also
check them after they arrive in
the classroom.
PREPARE THE MATERIALS
Decide how you are going to
introduce the material and what
the follow up activities will be.
PREPARE THE
ENVIRONMENT
Classroom conducive to
learning

31. UTILIZING VIDEO
PREPARE THE LEARNERS
Before a video lesson, review
previous related study.
PROVIDE THE LEARNING
EXPERIENCE
Studies have shown that
audiences are attentive to
images projected onto a large
screen. Video images can be
projected using video projector.

33. HOW TO OPERATE PROJECTOR
SET-UP
• Check all connections
• Turn on the power to the VCR, amplifier, and
projector.
• Insert the videocassette and fast-forward for a
few seconds to get into the program.

34. HOW TO OPERATE PROJECTOR
OPERATE
• Turn on the projector lamp and wait for it to
warm up (about one minute)
• Put VCR on “play” and adjust the size of the
image using the zoom lens ring; then focus
the image.
• Push the “reset “ button.
• Correct the image for each by using the
appropriate controls.
• Adjust the sound level with the volume
control of the amplifier.
• Rewind the tape to the beginning of the
program.

35. HOW TO OPERATE PROJECTOR
DISASSEMBLE
• After presenting the video, rewind the tape.
• Turn off all power switches.
• Disconnect chords from wall sockets.

36. HOW TO OPERATE PROJECTOR
TROUBLE SHOOTING
• No picture
1.Ensure that projector and player are
plugged into active AC outlet and
turn power switches on.
2.If using remote control, be sure
batteries are charged and units
within effective operating distance.
3. Check all cords for proper connection.
• Picture not clear
1. Check focus adjustment
2. Adjust picture controls.
• Picture but no color: check settings on video unit.
• Picture inverted or left-right reversed: check
settings of horizontal and vertical polarity plugs.

37. HOW TO OPERATE PROJECTOR
TROUBLE SHOOTING
• Color and picture distorted
1.Check connection of leads between
video unit output terminals and
projector input terminals.
2.Confirm that the signal is
compatible.
• No operation from remote control.
1.If using wired remote control,
check to see if it is plugged into
the video unit
2.If using wireless remote control,
confirm that batteries are
charged.

38. “
”
THE BEST PREPARATION FOR
TOMORROW IS DOING YOUR BEST
TODAY
-H. JACKSON BROWN JR.
REFERENCE: INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEARNING (7TH EDITION) (PDF DRIVE).pdf
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