The authors report that STAT1KO mice spontaneously develop inflammatory diseases characterized by bone marrow hyperplasia and splenic accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells.
This is simple informative slides showing role of interferon in diseases.Hope this helps to easily understand this important topic.Do like &comment if this is uselful!
This is simple informative slides showing role of interferon in diseases.Hope this helps to easily understand this important topic.Do like &comment if this is uselful!
The Negative Clinical Consequences Due to the Lack of the Elaboration of a Sc...asclepiuspdfs
Until a few years ago, the immune system was considered as responsible for the only defense against microbial infections and other external agents. On the contrary, the immune cells have been proven to be linked not only through cell-cell contact but also by releasing proteins capable of influencing the immune-inflammatory response, the so-called cytokines or interleukins. Moreover, the cytokines have appeared to play not only immune activities but also metabolic and systemic effects influencing the overall biological systems, including the nervous, the endocrine, and the cardiovascular systems, by representing the main endogenous molecules responsible for the maintenance of the unity of the biological life. Therefore, only the systematic clinical consideration of cytokine effects may allow the generation of real future holistic medicine.
This slide covers briefly how intracellular and extracellular bacteria elicits an immune response, how bacteria evade from the immune system, what complement system is, opsonization, neutralisation, septic shock, sepsis, superantigens, phagocytosis, interleukins, Toll-like receptors, a list of diseases caused by bacterias and their names etc.
Parasitic infection and immunomodulation: A possible explanation for the hygi...Apollo Hospitals
Helminthic parasites have a long history of co-evolution with human beings. The incidence of helminthic infection has significantly decreased in developed countries due to better sanitary measures. However, epidemiological data suggest a corresponding increase in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases in association with a reduction in helminthic infections in these societies. The immune response to helminthic infection involves both innate and adaptive processes, with a strongly polarised Th2 response being the most characteristic feature. However, there is a concomitant increase in the functional regulatory T cell responses. This might explain the paradoxical decrease in both Th2-and Th1-mediated diseases such as allergy and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in populations with increased incidence of helminthic infection. Parasitic infection therefore appears to confer a degree of immunomodulation, and for this reason, utilising helminthic infection as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease has been proposed. Improved understanding of the immunologic responses to helminth infection allows these mechanisms to be exploited, enabling manipulation of the immune response in Th1-dominant conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis, and providing a new approach to treatment of these and other inflammatory and allergic conditions.
The Negative Clinical Consequences Due to the Lack of the Elaboration of a Sc...asclepiuspdfs
Until a few years ago, the immune system was considered as responsible for the only defense against microbial infections and other external agents. On the contrary, the immune cells have been proven to be linked not only through cell-cell contact but also by releasing proteins capable of influencing the immune-inflammatory response, the so-called cytokines or interleukins. Moreover, the cytokines have appeared to play not only immune activities but also metabolic and systemic effects influencing the overall biological systems, including the nervous, the endocrine, and the cardiovascular systems, by representing the main endogenous molecules responsible for the maintenance of the unity of the biological life. Therefore, only the systematic clinical consideration of cytokine effects may allow the generation of real future holistic medicine.
This slide covers briefly how intracellular and extracellular bacteria elicits an immune response, how bacteria evade from the immune system, what complement system is, opsonization, neutralisation, septic shock, sepsis, superantigens, phagocytosis, interleukins, Toll-like receptors, a list of diseases caused by bacterias and their names etc.
Parasitic infection and immunomodulation: A possible explanation for the hygi...Apollo Hospitals
Helminthic parasites have a long history of co-evolution with human beings. The incidence of helminthic infection has significantly decreased in developed countries due to better sanitary measures. However, epidemiological data suggest a corresponding increase in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases in association with a reduction in helminthic infections in these societies. The immune response to helminthic infection involves both innate and adaptive processes, with a strongly polarised Th2 response being the most characteristic feature. However, there is a concomitant increase in the functional regulatory T cell responses. This might explain the paradoxical decrease in both Th2-and Th1-mediated diseases such as allergy and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in populations with increased incidence of helminthic infection. Parasitic infection therefore appears to confer a degree of immunomodulation, and for this reason, utilising helminthic infection as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease has been proposed. Improved understanding of the immunologic responses to helminth infection allows these mechanisms to be exploited, enabling manipulation of the immune response in Th1-dominant conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis, and providing a new approach to treatment of these and other inflammatory and allergic conditions.
Markers of Both Autoimmune and Apoptotic Processes in Initiation and Progress...semualkaira
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is part of a spectrum of thyroid autoimmune conditions
and the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism. Despite considerable progress achieved in identifying
factors responsible for the development of HT, its pathogenesis remains unclear.
https://www.creative-peptides.com/product/romurtide-item-10-101-98-94.html Romurtide is a synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative that is a potent inducer of cytokines. It is an MDP derivative, MDP-Lys(L18) = N-alpha-(N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine), called also Muroctasin. It promotes megakaryocytopoiesis through stimulation of cytokine production and accelerates peripheral platelet recovery in nonhuman primate chemotherapy model.
For the last few decades scientist have been researching the involvement of the immune system in cancer development to discover potential cure.https://www.creative-peptides.com/research-areas/immunotherapy-cell-therapy.html
CD4 T cell derived IFN gamma plays a minimal role in control of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and must be actively repressed by PD-1 to prevent lethal disease.
Similar to ELife: T Interferon Suppresses Inflammatory Diseases by Balancing the Microbiome (20)
Potential therapy derived from banana protein is effective against SARS-CoV-2Creative BioMart
On January 13, 2020, a paper was published online touting the creation of a possible therapy that could be used against all known strains of the flu. A week later, the first laboratory-confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 sparked the two-and-a-half-year COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Interestingly, before the virus temporarily halted their work, the international team of researchers for this flu paper also investigated treatments for the coronavirus.
CAR-T Cell Anti-Cancer Therapy Ushered in A Revolutionary Breakthrough!Creative BioMart
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and T cell antigen receptor chimeric T cells (TCR-T) are currently the "top stream" in adoptive T cell tumor immunotherapy. In particular, CAR-T therapy, which has been approved by the FDA, is rewriting the treatment paradigm of some hematological tumors.
In recent years, the increase in the number of multi-drug resistant pathogens and food safety have become serious global problems, and it is increasingly important to find or develop a new generation of antibacterial drugs or preservatives. Scientists have discovered that bacteria-produced bacteriocins can control clinically relevant susceptible and resistant bacteria, and purified bacteriocins can be added to foods as natural preservatives. Bacteriocins can be added to animal feeds as anti-pathogen additives to protect livestock from pathogen damage. In medicine, bacteriocin has the potential to replace antibiotics as antibacterial drugs and is a new type of anticancer drug.
Creative BioMart to Attend BIO International Convention June 13-16, 2022Creative BioMart
Creative BioMart, a leading biotechnology company supplying comprehensive protein products and services for the science community, recently announced that it will be attending the BIO International Convention in San Diego, California, from June 13-16, 2022.
Third Natural Eukaryotic Epigenetic Mark Found.pdfCreative BioMart
A group at the Marine Biology Laboratory (MBL) now found a third epigenetic mark in this freshwater invertebrate, Adineta vaga, which has previously been found only in bacteria. For the first time, a horizontally transferred gene has been shown to remodel gene regulatory systems in eukaryotes.
Chemokines are small proteins, usually ~70–80 amino acid residues, with conserved sequence and structural features and expressed in tissues during normal immune surveillance or in response to injury or infection.
Creative BioMart has more than 20 years of experience in protein characterization. We have extensive experience in developing and establishing protein identification methods to help our customers generate the data they need to obtain the level of product identification required for regulatory submission. These characterization services are also part of our stability and product launch support services, where we provide critical identity, purity, and performance measurements.
The latest research has identified FGL1 as an immune inhibitory ligand of LAG-3, an immune inhibitory receptor that mediates T-cell suppression. Blocking FGL1/LAG-3 interaction improves anti-tumor immunity.
Creative BioMart has currently developed FGL1 proteins from multiple species. Their binding activity with LAG-3 protein has been verified by functional ELISA.
https://www.creativebiomart.net/resource/pdfdownload/dbd8e3ddfc158995b7e56f7277140c50.pdf
Protein quantification is divided into "total quantification method" of whole protein and "individual quantification method" of specific protein according to its purpose. It is an indispensable part of biological experiments.
To master the basic operation process of primary culture and subculture of mammalian cells, lay a foundation for the application of bioengineering in medicine.
Electrophoresis technology is the basic technology of molecular biology. This experiment helps better understanding of DNA electrophoresis tank and gel electrophoresis technology.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ELife: T Interferon Suppresses Inflammatory Diseases by Balancing the Microbiome
1. ELife: T Interferon Suppresses Inflammatory Diseases by Balancing the Microbiome
The maintenance of immune homeostasis involves a synergistic relationship between the host
and the microbiome. Canonical interferon (IFN) signaling controls the response to acute
microbial infection through the involvement of STAT1 transcription factors. However, the
contribution of tonic levels of interferon to immune homeostasis in the absence of acute
infection remains largely unexplored. The authors report that STAT1KO mice spontaneously
develop inflammatory diseases characterized by bone marrow hyperplasia and splenic
accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, these animals developed inflammatory
bowel disease. Analysis of intestinal bacteria revealed severe dysbiosis in the absence of
potent IFN signaling, which triggers expansion of TH17 cells and loss of splenic Treg cells.
Reduction of bacterial burden by antibiotic treatment avoids TH17 bias, and blockade of IL17
signaling prevents medullary expansion and splenic stem cell accumulation. Thus, tonic
interferons modulate gut microbial ecology, which is essential to maintain physiological immune
homeostasis and prevent inflammation.
Interferon (IFN) is an important mediator of innate and adaptive immunity. Interferons are
generally composed of three types of cytokines: type I interferon family encoded by a variety of
genes, mainly including a variety of interferon-α subtypes and interferon-β; type II interferon
family, of which interferon-γ is its only member; type III interferon family consists of several
interferon-λ, and each interferon family signals through a different heterodimeric cell surface
receptor.
All members of interferon-I bind a receptor called IFNAR that triggers the activation of the JAK
kinases JAK1 and Tyk2, which mediate tyrosine phosphorylation of two members of the signal
transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family, STAT1 and STAT2. Activated STAT1
and STAT2, together with interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 9, form the heterotrimeric complex
ISGF3 that binds to interferon-stimulated response elements in the promoters of hundreds of
interferon-stimulated genes. This signaling cascade also activates ISGF3 when IFN-III binds to
different receptors composed of IL28Ra and IL10Rb subunits and largely overlaps with
pathways downstream of IFN-I. In contrast, IFN-II signals mainly through homodimers of STAT1
after binding its cognate receptor (IFNGR) and stimulates a set of genes containing gamma-
activating sequences (GAS). All of these pathways are focused on STAT1, and STAT1
deficiency or hypofunction results in insensitivity to all types of interferons. As expected, STAT1
deficiency in humans results in increased susceptibility to viral and mycobacterial infections,
and hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the only therapeutic approach.
Patients lacking STAT1 are unable to thrive in the absence of an appropriate innate immune
response to microbes, which precludes studies of the contribution of STAT1 in homeostasis.
However, some patients with partial loss of STAT1 function (LOF) have chronic colitis, as well
as severe infections. On the other hand, individuals with enhanced STAT1 function (GOF)
mutations most commonly suffer from mucocutaneous disease, in part due to reduced levels
of TH17 cells, thereby attributing important regulatory functions to STAT1.
2. Despite being involved in similar downstream signaling cascades, it is becoming increasingly
evident that interferon-I and -III play different roles in establishing innate immunity to microbes
and participate in the overall immune function of the host in different ways. For example,
interferon-III has been shown to reduce inflammation by reducing the number of IL-17-
producing TH17 helper T cells and limiting neutrophil recruitment. Interestingly, in addition to its
important role in inflammation, IL-17 also plays an important role in hematopoiesis. For example,
IL-17 stimulates myeloid and erythroid progenitors, suggesting that IFN-III may play a role in
hematopoietic regulation by limiting the action of IL-17. In addition, due in part to the more
limited distribution of their receptors, IFN-III members display a unique ability to fight pathogen
invasion at mucosal sites while inhibiting excessive inflammation, helping to maintain barrier
integrity.
Accumulating evidence suggests that commensal gut microflora present on mucosal surfaces
also play an important role in shaping the host immune system. However, the understanding of
the importance of the interaction between microbial IFNs to prevent pathogenesis is limited.
Here, the authors reveal a role for STAT1 in controlling microbial ecology that prevents
inflammation and maintains immune homeostasis in the absence of infectious challenges. The
study suggests that tetanic signaling through the IFN pathway acting through its common
mediator STAT1 is an essential modulator of immune homeostasis, reducing the inflammatory
predisposition. This tonic IFN signaling appears to involve all three major IFN families, as loss
of all three branches of the pathway is required for an intact inflammatory phenotype. Lack of
tonic interferon signaling can form a distorted microbiome, which triggers an inflammatory
response that may result from a biased increase in TH17 cells to pathogenic phenotypes, as
well as impaired homing or survival of peripheral Treg.