The document outlines the key elements that comprise a short story, including plot, characterization, setting, point of view, tone, symbolism, theme, and language. It discusses each element in 1-2 paragraphs, describing how plots involve an exposition, conflict, and resolution, how characters can be developing or static, how settings contribute to theme, atmosphere, and character understanding, and the different point of view perspectives an author may use like omniscient, first person, dramatic, or limited third person. Tone, symbolism, theme, and style are also defined as important literary devices authors manipulate in short stories.
PPISMP TSLB1124 Topic 1 Overview of Literature.pptxYee Bee Choo
This course "Literary Studies in English" (TSLB1124) is offered in the second semester of the preparatory programme for the students of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) in the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia. Topic 1 includes:
- Literary genres
- Literary elements
- Literary devices
PPISMP TSLB1124 Topic 1 Overview of Literature.pptxYee Bee Choo
This course "Literary Studies in English" (TSLB1124) is offered in the second semester of the preparatory programme for the students of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) in the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia. Topic 1 includes:
- Literary genres
- Literary elements
- Literary devices
Go through this slideshow to learn about the different parts of a story. You should be thinking about these things when you are analyzing any literary texts as well as when you are writing your own.
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21st century literature from the Philippines and the world. a subject in Senior High which focuses on understanding and appreciating various literary text.
The elements you've listed are indeed essential components of a story, and they play crucial roles in shaping the narrative and conveying the author's message. Here's a brief explanation of each of these literary elements:
Understanding the Short StoryTitle __________________________.docxmarilucorr
Understanding the Short Story
Title :_________________________________________________________________
Plot
1) What does the reader learn during exposition?
2) What is/are the conflict(s)?
3) What complications are introduced?
4) What is the climax of the story?
5) How is the conflict resolved?
Point of view
1) From what point of view is the story narrated? (first person, third person, etc.)
2) How does the narration influence your understanding of the story?
Characters
1) Who is the protagonist?
2) Who is the antagonist?
3) Are the characters round or flat?
4) Are the characters static or dynamic?
Setting
1) What is the setting of the story?
2) Does the setting influence other elements of the story?
Theme
1) What is/are the theme(s) of the story?
2) How do you know?
LITERARY TERMS
"Structure" includes all the elements in a story. The final objective is to see the story as a whole and to become aware of how the parts are put together to produce a unified effect.
ELEMENTS OF PLOT
All fiction is based on conflict and this conflict is presented in a structured format called PLOT.
Exposition
The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.
Foreshadowing
The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.
Inciting Force
The event or character that triggers the conflict.
Conflict
The essence of fiction. It creates plot. The conflicts we encounter can usually be identified as one of four kinds. (Man versus…Man, Nature, Society, or Self)
Rising Action
A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting force and ends with the climax.
Crisis
The conflict reaches a turning point. At this point the opposing forces in the story meet and the conflict becomes most intense. The crisis occurs before or at the same time as the climax.
Climax
The climax is the result of the crisis. It is the high point of the story for the reader. Frequently, it is the moment of the highest interest and greatest emotion. The point at which the outcome of the conflict can be predicted.
Falling Action
The events after the climax which close the story.
Resolution (Denouement)
Rounds out and concludes the action.
CHARACTERIZATION
MAJOR CHARACTERS
Almost always round or three-dimensional characters. They have good and bad qualities. Their goals, ambitions and values change. A round character changes as a result of what happens to him or her. A character who changes inside as a result of what happens to him is referred to in literature as a DYNAMIC character. A dynamic character grows or progresses to a higher level of understanding in the course of the story.
Protagonist
The main character in the story
Antagonist
The character or force that opposes the protagonist.
Foil
A character who provides a contrast to the protagonist.
MINOR CHARACTERS
Almost always flat or two-dimensional characters. They have only one or two stri ...
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1. ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY
The short story emerges from the writer’s careful manipulation of various formal
elements, which will usually include:
• Plot (Action and Conflict)
• Characterization
• Setting (Time and Place)
• Point of View
• Tone
• Symbolism
• Theme
• Language
2. THE PLOT
The plot is the action or events of a story, arranged in a meaningful way.
There are usually the following stages in the development of the plot:
• Exposition: The situation is established. This includes information
about the background of the story, the introduction of characters, the
description of the setting and the establishment of atmosphere.
• Conflict: This is the central action, also known as ―the complication‖.
This conflict usually leads to the climax (high-point of intensity of
feeling or action) of the story.
• Denouement: The end of the story – the outcome of the conflict, also
known as the resolution.
4. CHARACTERS IN SHORT STORIES
Broadly speaking, there are two
types of characters:
(a) The developing character: This
kind of character undergoes a
process in which his attitudes and
beliefs are CHANGED. (Rounded
character.)
(b) The static character:
This kind of character does NOT
change. (Flat character.)
5. THE SETTING (TIME AND PLACE)
Functions of the Setting:
1. Contributes to theme
2. Creates atmosphere and
tone
3. Helps to unfold the action
and conflict
4. Contributes to our
understanding of characters
(The setting may be part of the
exposition, or may be spread
throughout the story.)
7. • There is an all-knowing
presence in the story
who has access to the
thoughts of all the
characters.
• This point of view is
God-like.
OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW
8. • This is when the story is told by a
character IN the story.
• The first person narrator may or
may not be central to the action.
• The first person may be the
protagonist or a secondary
character who is peripheral to
the main action.
• The personal pronoun ―I‖ is used.
FIRST PERSON NARRATOR
9. • There is no overt
interpretation of the
thoughts or actions of any
of the characters, only the
description and
presentation of them.
• In these kinds of stories,
the narrator doesn’t ―pick
sides‖.
• The reader has to form
his/her own opinion of the
characters.
DRAMATIC POINT OF VIEW
10. • In this kind of story the
reader is only presented
with the thoughts, feelings
and experiences of ONE of
the characters in the story.
• The personal pronoun ―he‖
or ―she‖ is used.
• The narrator confines
himself to what this single
character experiences.
LIMITED THIRD PERSON POINT OF VIEW
11. TONE
Tone is really the writer’s
attitude towards the subject
he is writing about and his
attitude to the reader.
The author MANIPULATES
the tone to produce a
specific response in the
reader.
12. SYMBOLISM
A symbol is an object,
action, or idea that
represents something
other than itself, often
of a more abstract
nature. Symbolism
creates quality aspects
that make literature like
poetry and novels more
meaningful.
13. THEME
The theme is the main idea that the writer is trying to put across
to the reader.
It runs through the whole story and is the important aspect that
UNIFIES the story.
The THEME is the general SUBJECT of the story.
14. Style in literature is the literary
element that describes the
ways that the author uses
words — the author's word
choice, sentence structure,
figurative language, and
sentence arrangement all
work together to establish
mood, images, and meaning
in the text. Style describes
how the author describes
events, objects, and ideas.
STYLE
15. ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY
(REVISION)
The short story emerges from the writer’s careful manipulation of various formal
elements, which will usually include:
• Plot (Action and Conflict)
• Characterization
• Setting (Time and Place)
• Point of View
• Tone
• Symbolism
• Theme
• Language