This Slide explains basic theories in electrostatics, i.e. Coulomb's law, Electric field, electric potential, electric dipole, electric field due to electric dipole, etc.
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Electric Charge and Electric Field LectureFroyd Wess
More: http://www.pinoybix.org
Lesson Objectives:
Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
Electric Charge in the Atom
Insulators and Conductors
Induced Charge; the Electroscope
Coulomb’s Law
Solving Problems Involving Coulomb’s Law and Vectors
The Electric Field
Field Lines
Electric Fields and Conductors
Gauss’s Law
Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication
Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics
Electric Charge and Electric Field LectureFroyd Wess
More: http://www.pinoybix.org
Lesson Objectives:
Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation
Electric Charge in the Atom
Insulators and Conductors
Induced Charge; the Electroscope
Coulomb’s Law
Solving Problems Involving Coulomb’s Law and Vectors
The Electric Field
Field Lines
Electric Fields and Conductors
Gauss’s Law
Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication
Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Coulomb’s Law:
It states that the electrical force (attractive or repulsive) between two charged objects is directly
proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to
the square of the separation distance between the two objects.
where,
Electric Field:
The region around an electric charge or a group of electric charges in which other charge
experience an electrostatic force (either attractive or repulsive) is called electric
f
ield of that
source.
Electric Field Intensity:
The electric
f
ield intensity or strength of an electric
f
ield at a point is de
f
ined as the electrostatic
force experienced by a unit positive charge placed at that point.
E = F/q2
F = k
q1q2
r2
=
1
4πε0
q1q2
r2
1
4πε0
= 9 × 109
Nm2
/C2
E = k
q1
r2
=
1
4πε0
q1
r2
3. Electric Potential:
• The electric potential at a point in electric
f
ield is de
f
ined as the work done in moving a
unit positive charge from in
f
inity to that point against electrostatic force.
• It is a scalar quantity.
Electric Dipole:
• A pair of equal and opposite point charges, +q and -q,
separated by small distance is called as electric dipole.
• Total charge of the dipole is zero but electric
f
ield of the dipole is not zero as charges q and
-q are separated by some distance and electric
f
ield due to them when added is not zero.
• Examples of electric dipole:- Dipoles are common in nature. Molecules like
are electric dipoles and have permanent dipole moments. They
have permanent dipole moments because the centre of their positive charges does not fall
exactly over the center of their negative charges.
Vb =
W∞→B
q0
H2O, HCl, CH3COOH
4. • Electric dipole moment de
f
inition :-
• The dipole moment of an electric
f
ield is a vector whose magnitude is charge times the
separation between two opposite charges.
• Direction of dipole moment is along the dipole axis from negative charge to positive charge.
• Consider the
f
igure given below which shows an electric dipole consisting of charges +q
and -q separated by a small distance 2a.
• Its electric dipole moment is given by,
• The SI unit of dipole moment is Coulomb-meter.
⃗
p = q × 2 ⃗
a = 2q ⃗
a
5. Electric
f
ield intensity due to electric dipole:
• Electric
f
ield due to dipole on axial line:
Electric
f
ield due to +q charge along BP:
Electric
f
ield due to -q charge along PA:
Total
f
ield at P on axial line
= along BP
E1 =
1
4πε0
q
(r − d)
2
E2 =
1
4πε0
q
(r + d)
2
E = E1 + (−E2) = E1 − E2
E =
q
4πε0
1
(r − d)
2
−
1
(r + d)
2
q
4πε0
4rd
(r2 − d2
)
2
6. Dipole moment is p = 2qd
When r is very large than d, then
………… (1)
Along the equatorial line:
Vertical components cancels each other, only horizontal components contribute. Total electric
f
ield at P
E =
1
4πε0
2pr
(r2 − d2
)
2
E =
1
4πε0
2p
r3
E+ =
1
4πε0
q
r2
+
=
1
4πε0
q
(r2 + d2
)
E− =
1
4πε0
q
r2
−
=
1
4πε0
q
(r2 + d2
)
E = E+cosθ + E−cosθ
7. But
at r greater and greater than d, neglect d.
………….. (2)
From equation (1) and (2), electric
f
ield intensity at axil line is double that on equatorial line at the same
distance.
cosθ =
d
(r2 + d2
)
1/2
E =
1
4πε0
2q
(r2 + d2
)
d
(r2 + d2
)
1
2
=
1
4πε0
2qd
(r2 + d2
)
3
2
E =
1
4πε0
p
r3
8. • Electric Field as negative gradient of Potential:
The electric potential at point P in an electric
f
ield is given by,
………………… (1)
V is the function of x, y, z I.e. V(x, y, z). represents rate of change of V along x, y, and z axis
respectively.
…………. (2)
But
………………. (3)
From equation (1) and (3)
………. (4)
V = −
∫
r
∞
E ⋅ dr dV = − E ⋅ dr
δV
δx
,
δV
δy
and
δV
δz
∴ dV =
δV
δx
dx +
δV
δy
dy +
δV
δz
dz
∴ dV = (
δV
δx
̂
i +
δV
δy
̂
j +
δV
δz
̂
k ) ⋅ (dx ̂
i + dy ̂
j + dz ̂
k)
(dx ̂
i + dy ̂
j + dz ̂
k) = dr and (
δV
δx
̂
i +
δV
δy
̂
j +
δV
δz
̂
k ) = (
δ
δx
̂
i +
δ
δy
̂
j +
δ
δz
̂
k )V = ∇V
∴ dV = ∇V ⋅ dr
−E ⋅ dr = ∇V ⋅ dr E = − ∇V
9. • Conservative Electric Field:
A vector
f
ield for which the work done by it depends only on end points but is independent of the actual path
is called as conservative
f
ield.
I.e. A vector
f
ield A is said to be conservative if
∮
A ⋅ dl = 0
10. • Torque acting on a Dipole in uniform Electric Field:
• Consider a dipole having charges +q and -q separated by distance 2l
placed in a uniform electric
fi
eld E making an angle θ with the direction
of electric
fi
eld.
• A torque acts on the dipole which will try to align dipole in the
direction of electric
fi
eld.
• Force on the charge +q will be
• Force on the charge - q will be
• The components of force perpendicular to the dipole are:
and
• Since the force magnitudes are equal and are separated by a distance
2l, the torque on the dipole is given by:
Torque (
𝜏
) = Force × Distance Separating Forces
𝜏
= 2l
𝑞
𝐸
sin
𝜃
• Since dipole moment is given by: p = q2l
F+ = + qE
F− = − qE
F⊥
+ = + qE sin θ F⊥
− = − qE sin θ
11. • And the direction of the dipole moment is from the positive to the negative charge, it can see from the above
equation that the torque is the cross product of the dipole moment and electric
fi
eld. Notice that the torque is
in the clockwise direction (hence negative) in the above
fi
gure. If the direction of Electric Field is positive.
𝜏
= −
𝑝
𝐸
sin
𝜃
Or
• If the dipole is placed perpendicular to the electric
fi
eld i.e. θ = 900 ,
𝜏
=
𝑝
𝐸
it means maximum torque acts on
the dipole.
• If the dipole become parallel to the electric
fi
eld then θ = 00 ,
𝜏
= 0 thus no torque acting on the dipole and
dipole is called in stable equilibrium.
τ = p × E
12. • Potential Energy of an Electric Dipole:
• Potential energy of an electric dipole in an electric
fi
eld is equal to the work done in bringing the dipole
from the in
fi
nity to that position within the electric
fi
eld and placing it in desired orientation.
• Consider a dipole placed in a uniform electric
fi
eld and it is in equilibrium position. If we rotate this dipole
from its equilibrium position , work has to be done.
• Suppose electric dipole of moment p is rotated in uniform electric
fi
eld E through an angle θ from its
equilibrium position. Due to this rotation couple acting on dipole changes.
• If at any instant dipole makes an angle φ with uniform electric
fi
eld then torque acting on dipole is
𝜏
= pE sinφ
• again work done (change in potential energy) in rotating this dipole through an in
fi
nitesimally small angle
dφ is
dW = dU = torque x angular displacement
= pE sinφ dφ
13. • Total work done in rotating the dipole through an angle θ from its equilibrium position is
• This is the required formula for work done in rotating an electric dipole placed in uniform electric
fi
eld
through an angle θ from its equilibrium position.
• We have choosen the value of φ going from π/2 to θ because at π/2 we can take potential energy to be zero
(axis of dipole is perpendicular to the
fi
eld). Thus U(90) = 0 and above equation becomes
•
14. • Electrostatic Field Energy:
• Electric
f
ield do work on the charge placed in electric
f
ield.
• To do work energy is required. Hence, energy is stored in the electric
f
ield.
• Consider two charges q1 and q2 . The charge q2 is bringing from in
f
inity to point B in the
f
ield of charge q1 .
The work done in this process is given by,
• This work done is stored in the form of electrostatic
f
ield energy.
• Total electrostatic
f
ield energy of the system of n charges is given by,
U = W =
∫
r12
∞
− F ⋅ dr
=
∫
r12
∞
−
q1q2
4πϵ0r2
dr =
q1q2
4πϵ0r12
=
n
∑
i=1
n
∑
j = i+1
qiqj
4πϵ0rij
15. • Flux of Electric Field:
• The electric
f
ield is represented by electric lines of force. Tangent drawn at any point to the electric lines
of force gives the direction of electric
f
ield at that point.
• Intensity of electric
f
ield is shown by number of electric lines of force.
• The total number of electric line of force passing normally through a surface imagined in an electric field is
called the electric flux linked with that surface.
• Electric
f
lux linked with small element will be the product of the component of
electric
f
ield and area of the element.
The total
f
lux linked with whole surface will be,
• If surface is normal to the electric
f
ield,
f
lux linked with surface will be
maximum.
• If surface is parallel to the electric
f
ield,
f
lux linked with surface will be zero.
dϕ = E . dA = E dA cos θ
ϕ =
∬
E ⋅ dA
16.
17.
18.
19. • Electric Field Intensity due to Quadrupole on Equatorial Line: