1) A log periodic antenna is a multi-element directional antenna designed to operate over a wide band of frequencies through elements that increase logarithmically in length and spacing.
2) It functions as a broadband antenna through impedance and radiation characteristics that regularly repeat on a logarithmic scale with frequency.
3) Key applications of log periodic antennas include UHF terrestrial television, HF communications where wide bandwidth is needed, and EMC measurements requiring scans over broad frequency ranges.
this discusses reflectarray antena and the difference between reflectarray and parabolic antenna , refelctarray antenna types,equation and applications and it's elements
This project report summarizes work done on the design, simulation and fabrication of various antennas. A group focused on fabricating a slotted waveguide omni directional antenna and a biquad directional antenna. Another group designed and simulated patch antennas using software, optimizing a 1.9GHz rectangular probe fed patch antenna. They also simulated a dual band patch antenna and a microstrip fed patch antenna. The report covers antenna parameters, hardware fabrication and testing, as well as software simulation methods.
This document provides an overview of fractal antennas. It discusses how fractal antennas can provide multiband operation and miniaturization by increasing the effective length of the antenna while keeping the total area small. Specific fractal geometries like the Koch curve, Sierpinski carpet, and Koch island are used to generate fractal antennas. Fractal loop, monopole, and dipole antennas as well as fractal antenna arrays are examined. In conclusion, fractal antenna theory allows for the development of small, low profile antennas with applications for miniaturization and multiband frequency operation.
This document describes different types of antennas used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. It discusses transmitter and receiver antennas. Specific antenna types covered include Yagi-Uda antennas, log-periodic antennas, helix antennas, parabolic antennas, loop antennas, and antenna arrays. Each antenna type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for different frequency ranges and applications.
This document provides a seminar report on the design of microstrip patch antennas. It includes an abstract, table of contents, and sections on antenna parameters, types of antennas including dipoles and Yagi antennas, and software aspects of designing microstrip patch antennas including feed techniques. The report was submitted by a student in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree.
Smart antenna ppt
Type of Smart Antenna.
Function of Smart Antenna.
Application of Smart Antenna.
Advantages of Smart Antenna.
Disadvantages of Smart Antenna.
Application of Smart Antenna.
Future Scope of Smart Antenna
The document describes the design and implementation of a log periodic antenna by a group of students. It provides details on:
1) The history and purpose of log periodic antennas in being able to operate over a wide bandwidth of frequencies.
2) The design process for the antenna, including calculations of its impedance, minimum/maximum frequencies, boom length, gain, number of elements, and values for each element.
3) The development of a MATLAB program to calculate antenna parameters and structure dimensions to more accurately design the log periodic dipole antenna.
4) Potential applications of this type of wide bandwidth antenna in areas like TV, HF communications, and EMC measurements.
1) A log periodic antenna is a multi-element directional antenna designed to operate over a wide band of frequencies through elements that increase logarithmically in length and spacing.
2) It functions as a broadband antenna through impedance and radiation characteristics that regularly repeat on a logarithmic scale with frequency.
3) Key applications of log periodic antennas include UHF terrestrial television, HF communications where wide bandwidth is needed, and EMC measurements requiring scans over broad frequency ranges.
this discusses reflectarray antena and the difference between reflectarray and parabolic antenna , refelctarray antenna types,equation and applications and it's elements
This project report summarizes work done on the design, simulation and fabrication of various antennas. A group focused on fabricating a slotted waveguide omni directional antenna and a biquad directional antenna. Another group designed and simulated patch antennas using software, optimizing a 1.9GHz rectangular probe fed patch antenna. They also simulated a dual band patch antenna and a microstrip fed patch antenna. The report covers antenna parameters, hardware fabrication and testing, as well as software simulation methods.
This document provides an overview of fractal antennas. It discusses how fractal antennas can provide multiband operation and miniaturization by increasing the effective length of the antenna while keeping the total area small. Specific fractal geometries like the Koch curve, Sierpinski carpet, and Koch island are used to generate fractal antennas. Fractal loop, monopole, and dipole antennas as well as fractal antenna arrays are examined. In conclusion, fractal antenna theory allows for the development of small, low profile antennas with applications for miniaturization and multiband frequency operation.
This document describes different types of antennas used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. It discusses transmitter and receiver antennas. Specific antenna types covered include Yagi-Uda antennas, log-periodic antennas, helix antennas, parabolic antennas, loop antennas, and antenna arrays. Each antenna type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for different frequency ranges and applications.
This document provides a seminar report on the design of microstrip patch antennas. It includes an abstract, table of contents, and sections on antenna parameters, types of antennas including dipoles and Yagi antennas, and software aspects of designing microstrip patch antennas including feed techniques. The report was submitted by a student in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree.
Smart antenna ppt
Type of Smart Antenna.
Function of Smart Antenna.
Application of Smart Antenna.
Advantages of Smart Antenna.
Disadvantages of Smart Antenna.
Application of Smart Antenna.
Future Scope of Smart Antenna
The document describes the design and implementation of a log periodic antenna by a group of students. It provides details on:
1) The history and purpose of log periodic antennas in being able to operate over a wide bandwidth of frequencies.
2) The design process for the antenna, including calculations of its impedance, minimum/maximum frequencies, boom length, gain, number of elements, and values for each element.
3) The development of a MATLAB program to calculate antenna parameters and structure dimensions to more accurately design the log periodic dipole antenna.
4) Potential applications of this type of wide bandwidth antenna in areas like TV, HF communications, and EMC measurements.
The document discusses helical antennas, which consist of a conductor wound into a helical shape above a ground plane. Helical antennas provide circular polarization and are used at very high and ultra-high frequencies. The construction of a helical antenna involves parameters like length, number of turns, diameter, circumference, pitch angle, and distance from the ground plane. It can operate in either a normal mode or an axial mode, and the axial mode is generally used. Applications of helical antennas include AM broadcasting, reducing AC line noise, and low-frequency uses like RFID and airport door controls.
This document describes the design and simulation of a helical antenna for naval communication at 18.6 MHz. Key details include the antenna dimensions such as monopole height of 595mm, helix pitch length of 20mm, and 25 turns. Simulation results show a resonance frequency of 18.6MHz and S11 of -9.5dB. Radiation patterns are also presented. Additionally, the document discusses cylindrical strip antennas designed and simulated in HFSS, including resonance frequencies and radiation patterns.
This document discusses aperture antennas. It begins by defining an aperture antenna as an antenna that uses an opening or closed surface as the radiating element. It then lists the main types of aperture antennas like horn antennas, reflector antennas, slot antennas, and microstrip antennas. The document focuses on analyzing aperture antennas using techniques like the current distribution method, aperture analysis, and the Fourier transform method. It explains key principles used in aperture analysis like the field equivalence principle, Huygens' principle, and Babinet's principle. The document provides examples of analyzing specific aperture antenna types and their radiation patterns.
Microstrip antennas come in various types based on their feeding mechanism, patch shape, operating frequency, and bandwidth. The main types include microstrip patch antennas, microstrip dipole antennas, printed slot antennas, and microstrip traveling wave antennas. Printed slot antennas comprise a slot in the ground plane of a grounded substrate and can take any shape. They are typically bidirectional radiators but can be made unidirectional using a reflected plate. Microstrip dipole antennas simply consist of two lengths of metal arranged end to end with feed in the middle. Microstrip traveling wave antennas support transverse wave propagation along periodic microstrip lines or long segments.
1) The document reports on the design and testing of a 7-turn helical antenna with a gain of 10 dBi and VSWR less than 2.0 at a frequency of 2 GHz.
2) Through calculations, the antenna parameters were determined and the design was simulated using NEC software. The initial simulation results showed a VSWR of 1.57 at the design frequency.
3) The antenna was physically constructed and tested, with the measured gain peaking at the design frequency, though there were discrepancies with the simulated results due to real-world testing conditions.
This chapter discusses antennas and wave propagation. It covers antenna fundamentals including the electric and magnetic fields produced by antennas. Common antenna types are examined, including dipole antennas which are half-wave lengths long and produce omni-directional radiation patterns. Marconi or ground-plane vertical antennas are also discussed. They use a quarter-wave vertical radiator with coaxial cable feeding for vertical polarization and omni-directional coverage.
Design of rectangular patch antenna array using advanced design methodologyRamesh Patriotic
This document describes the design of rectangular patch antenna arrays. It discusses designing a single rectangular patch element, including selecting substrate properties and calculating patch dimensions. It then covers array design, including arranging elements with proper spacing and designing feed networks. Specifically, it presents the design of 1x2, 2x2, and 1x4 rectangular patch antenna arrays. Simulation results show the return loss and Smith charts for each array, indicating good impedance matching at the target frequency of 2.4GHz. Radiation patterns are also presented, demonstrating the increase in gain and directivity provided by antenna arrays.
A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil of wire, tubing, or other electrical conductor with its ends connected to a balanced transmission line (or possibly a balun). There are two distinct antenna designs: the small loop (or magnetic loop) with a size much smaller than a wavelength, and the much larger resonant loop antenna with a circumference close to the intended wavelength of operation. Small loops have low radiation resistance and thus poor efficiency and are mainly used as receiving antennas at low frequencies. To increase the magnetic field in the loop and thus the efficiency, the coil of wire is often wound around a ferrite rod magnetic core; this is called a ferrite loop antenna. The ferrite loop is the antenna used in many AM broadcast receivers, with the exception of external loops used with AV Amplifier-Receivers and car radios; the antenna is often contained inside the radio's case. These antennas are also used for radio direction finding. In amateur radio, loop antennas are often used for low profile operating where larger antennas would be inconvenient, unsightly.
(c) WIkipedia
This document discusses array antennas. It defines an array antenna as a group of antennas connected and arranged to form a single antenna that can produce radiation patterns not possible with individual antennas. Array antennas are used to increase gain, provide diversity, cancel interference, and steer sensitivity in a particular direction. The two main types are parasitic arrays, which control beams like radar, and driven arrays, which have less loss but maintain narrow beams. Key characteristics of array antennas discussed include gain, beamwidth, bandwidth, pattern, directivity, and applications like mobile communication, broadcasting, and guidance systems.
Microstrip patch antenna for wimax applicationsAbu Raneem
Waveguide Port
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Mesh Setting: Define Mesh
Mesh is the process of dividing the structure into small elements called
cells or elements.
Mesh Setting
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Simulation Setting: Define Frequency Domain Solver
Frequency Domain Solver is used to solve electromagnetic problems in
the frequency domain.
Frequency Domain Solver
CST Microwave Studio
An antenna is an electrical device that converts electric signals to radio waves and vice versa. There are different types of antennas including helix antennas, parabolic antennas, and horn antennas. A helix antenna uses a coiled conductive wire fed by a power source and is omnidirectional, making it suitable for applications like satellite communication and space probes.
Parabolic antennas use a curved parabolic reflector to direct radio waves into a narrow beam. They work by reflecting radio waves from a feed antenna located at the focal point of the parabolic dish into a parallel beam when transmitting, and focusing incoming plane waves to the feed antenna when receiving. Parabolic antennas provide high gain and directivity due to their large reflector sizes. They find applications in satellite communication, microwave links, radio astronomy, and direct broadcast television due to their ability to direct signals over long distances with strong reception.
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
Design step for making slot antenna in HFSSJay Patel
This document summarizes the steps taken to simulate and analyze the radiation pattern of a slot antenna using HFSS software. The simulation involved creating a slot antenna geometry using copper material, applying a lumped port excitation from one edge to another of the slot, analyzing the return loss graph and far field pattern, and obtaining output parameters such as maximum gain, radiated power, radiation efficiency and front-to-back ratio. The conclusion is that slot antennas have applications in radar communication, cell phone base stations, and microwave sources based on analyzing the simulation results.
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
The document summarizes studies conducted on microstrip patch antennas for cognitive radio applications. It discusses the motivation and need for cognitive radio and requisite antennas. Specifically, it addresses the design, simulation, and testing of an ultra-wideband patch antenna with bandwidth from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for spectrum monitoring in cognitive radios. Key steps included initial design, parametric analysis, optimization, hardware realization, and measurement of return loss and radiation patterns. Results showed close agreement between simulated and experimental antenna performance.
This lecture discusses Maxwell's equations and how they govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves. It covers the Poynting vector, which describes the direction and magnitude of energy transport by electromagnetic fields. Radiation pressure, the momentum transfer from absorbed or reflected light, is also discussed. The document provides examples of these concepts, such as using the Poynting vector to calculate power delivered to a resistor or determining the acceleration of the IKAROS spacecraft from radiation pressure.
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used . Keywords - bandwidth, dielectric constant, Microstrip antennas, substrate thickness
Amit Kirti Saran and Ramit Kirti Saran presented a design for a microstrip patch antenna at 2.45GHz. They described the basic structure of a microstrip patch antenna and the design equations used to calculate the patch dimensions. They then outlined the steps taken to design the patch antenna using HFSS software, including assigning the calculated values and adding an inset feed. Simulation results showed the radiation patterns and return loss of the designed antenna. Applications of microstrip patch antennas include mobile/satellite communication, GPS, Bluetooth, and medical and radar uses.
Introduction and parameters
Advantages and disadvantages
Basic principle operation
Field pattern
Frequency of operation
Feeding methods for patch micro strip antenna
Fringing Field Effect
Video simulation of transient fields under a micro strip antenna
Planar inverted-f antenna(p.i.f.a.)
Video introduction and analysis of patch/micro- strip antenna
The document discusses helical antennas, which consist of a conductor wound into a helical shape above a ground plane. Helical antennas provide circular polarization and are used at very high and ultra-high frequencies. The construction of a helical antenna involves parameters like length, number of turns, diameter, circumference, pitch angle, and distance from the ground plane. It can operate in either a normal mode or an axial mode, and the axial mode is generally used. Applications of helical antennas include AM broadcasting, reducing AC line noise, and low-frequency uses like RFID and airport door controls.
This document describes the design and simulation of a helical antenna for naval communication at 18.6 MHz. Key details include the antenna dimensions such as monopole height of 595mm, helix pitch length of 20mm, and 25 turns. Simulation results show a resonance frequency of 18.6MHz and S11 of -9.5dB. Radiation patterns are also presented. Additionally, the document discusses cylindrical strip antennas designed and simulated in HFSS, including resonance frequencies and radiation patterns.
This document discusses aperture antennas. It begins by defining an aperture antenna as an antenna that uses an opening or closed surface as the radiating element. It then lists the main types of aperture antennas like horn antennas, reflector antennas, slot antennas, and microstrip antennas. The document focuses on analyzing aperture antennas using techniques like the current distribution method, aperture analysis, and the Fourier transform method. It explains key principles used in aperture analysis like the field equivalence principle, Huygens' principle, and Babinet's principle. The document provides examples of analyzing specific aperture antenna types and their radiation patterns.
Microstrip antennas come in various types based on their feeding mechanism, patch shape, operating frequency, and bandwidth. The main types include microstrip patch antennas, microstrip dipole antennas, printed slot antennas, and microstrip traveling wave antennas. Printed slot antennas comprise a slot in the ground plane of a grounded substrate and can take any shape. They are typically bidirectional radiators but can be made unidirectional using a reflected plate. Microstrip dipole antennas simply consist of two lengths of metal arranged end to end with feed in the middle. Microstrip traveling wave antennas support transverse wave propagation along periodic microstrip lines or long segments.
1) The document reports on the design and testing of a 7-turn helical antenna with a gain of 10 dBi and VSWR less than 2.0 at a frequency of 2 GHz.
2) Through calculations, the antenna parameters were determined and the design was simulated using NEC software. The initial simulation results showed a VSWR of 1.57 at the design frequency.
3) The antenna was physically constructed and tested, with the measured gain peaking at the design frequency, though there were discrepancies with the simulated results due to real-world testing conditions.
This chapter discusses antennas and wave propagation. It covers antenna fundamentals including the electric and magnetic fields produced by antennas. Common antenna types are examined, including dipole antennas which are half-wave lengths long and produce omni-directional radiation patterns. Marconi or ground-plane vertical antennas are also discussed. They use a quarter-wave vertical radiator with coaxial cable feeding for vertical polarization and omni-directional coverage.
Design of rectangular patch antenna array using advanced design methodologyRamesh Patriotic
This document describes the design of rectangular patch antenna arrays. It discusses designing a single rectangular patch element, including selecting substrate properties and calculating patch dimensions. It then covers array design, including arranging elements with proper spacing and designing feed networks. Specifically, it presents the design of 1x2, 2x2, and 1x4 rectangular patch antenna arrays. Simulation results show the return loss and Smith charts for each array, indicating good impedance matching at the target frequency of 2.4GHz. Radiation patterns are also presented, demonstrating the increase in gain and directivity provided by antenna arrays.
A loop antenna is a radio antenna consisting of a loop or coil of wire, tubing, or other electrical conductor with its ends connected to a balanced transmission line (or possibly a balun). There are two distinct antenna designs: the small loop (or magnetic loop) with a size much smaller than a wavelength, and the much larger resonant loop antenna with a circumference close to the intended wavelength of operation. Small loops have low radiation resistance and thus poor efficiency and are mainly used as receiving antennas at low frequencies. To increase the magnetic field in the loop and thus the efficiency, the coil of wire is often wound around a ferrite rod magnetic core; this is called a ferrite loop antenna. The ferrite loop is the antenna used in many AM broadcast receivers, with the exception of external loops used with AV Amplifier-Receivers and car radios; the antenna is often contained inside the radio's case. These antennas are also used for radio direction finding. In amateur radio, loop antennas are often used for low profile operating where larger antennas would be inconvenient, unsightly.
(c) WIkipedia
This document discusses array antennas. It defines an array antenna as a group of antennas connected and arranged to form a single antenna that can produce radiation patterns not possible with individual antennas. Array antennas are used to increase gain, provide diversity, cancel interference, and steer sensitivity in a particular direction. The two main types are parasitic arrays, which control beams like radar, and driven arrays, which have less loss but maintain narrow beams. Key characteristics of array antennas discussed include gain, beamwidth, bandwidth, pattern, directivity, and applications like mobile communication, broadcasting, and guidance systems.
Microstrip patch antenna for wimax applicationsAbu Raneem
Waveguide Port
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Mesh Setting: Define Mesh
Mesh is the process of dividing the structure into small elements called
cells or elements.
Mesh Setting
CST Microwave Studio
CST Microwave Studio:
Simulation Setting: Define Frequency Domain Solver
Frequency Domain Solver is used to solve electromagnetic problems in
the frequency domain.
Frequency Domain Solver
CST Microwave Studio
An antenna is an electrical device that converts electric signals to radio waves and vice versa. There are different types of antennas including helix antennas, parabolic antennas, and horn antennas. A helix antenna uses a coiled conductive wire fed by a power source and is omnidirectional, making it suitable for applications like satellite communication and space probes.
Parabolic antennas use a curved parabolic reflector to direct radio waves into a narrow beam. They work by reflecting radio waves from a feed antenna located at the focal point of the parabolic dish into a parallel beam when transmitting, and focusing incoming plane waves to the feed antenna when receiving. Parabolic antennas provide high gain and directivity due to their large reflector sizes. They find applications in satellite communication, microwave links, radio astronomy, and direct broadcast television due to their ability to direct signals over long distances with strong reception.
Broadside Array vs end-fire array
Higher directivity.
Provide increased directivity in
elevation and azimuth planes.
Generally used for reception.
Impedance match difficulty in
high power transmissions.
Variants are:
Horizontal Array of Dipoles
RCA Fishborne Antenna
Series Phase Array
Design step for making slot antenna in HFSSJay Patel
This document summarizes the steps taken to simulate and analyze the radiation pattern of a slot antenna using HFSS software. The simulation involved creating a slot antenna geometry using copper material, applying a lumped port excitation from one edge to another of the slot, analyzing the return loss graph and far field pattern, and obtaining output parameters such as maximum gain, radiated power, radiation efficiency and front-to-back ratio. The conclusion is that slot antennas have applications in radar communication, cell phone base stations, and microwave sources based on analyzing the simulation results.
Design of Series Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using HFSS Simulatoridescitation
In this paper series feed Micro strip Patch Antenna
Array are designed and analyzed for WLAN application, which
operating at S-band frequency Range of 2.4 GHz. Antenna
arrays are used to achieve higher gain. Larger the number of
antenna elements, better the gain of antenna array would be
achieved. In this paper feeding element and matching line is
used to design the 4 X 1 micro strip patch antenna array.
Micro strip line feed and matching line are used to design
series Micro strip patch antenna array. The measured
radiation pattern and Return loss of 4X1 elements antenna
array are presented. An-soft HFSS simulator is used.
The document summarizes studies conducted on microstrip patch antennas for cognitive radio applications. It discusses the motivation and need for cognitive radio and requisite antennas. Specifically, it addresses the design, simulation, and testing of an ultra-wideband patch antenna with bandwidth from 3.1GHz to 10.6GHz for spectrum monitoring in cognitive radios. Key steps included initial design, parametric analysis, optimization, hardware realization, and measurement of return loss and radiation patterns. Results showed close agreement between simulated and experimental antenna performance.
This lecture discusses Maxwell's equations and how they govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves. It covers the Poynting vector, which describes the direction and magnitude of energy transport by electromagnetic fields. Radiation pressure, the momentum transfer from absorbed or reflected light, is also discussed. The document provides examples of these concepts, such as using the Poynting vector to calculate power delivered to a resistor or determining the acceleration of the IKAROS spacecraft from radiation pressure.
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used . Keywords - bandwidth, dielectric constant, Microstrip antennas, substrate thickness
Amit Kirti Saran and Ramit Kirti Saran presented a design for a microstrip patch antenna at 2.45GHz. They described the basic structure of a microstrip patch antenna and the design equations used to calculate the patch dimensions. They then outlined the steps taken to design the patch antenna using HFSS software, including assigning the calculated values and adding an inset feed. Simulation results showed the radiation patterns and return loss of the designed antenna. Applications of microstrip patch antennas include mobile/satellite communication, GPS, Bluetooth, and medical and radar uses.
Introduction and parameters
Advantages and disadvantages
Basic principle operation
Field pattern
Frequency of operation
Feeding methods for patch micro strip antenna
Fringing Field Effect
Video simulation of transient fields under a micro strip antenna
Planar inverted-f antenna(p.i.f.a.)
Video introduction and analysis of patch/micro- strip antenna
This document discusses a microstrip patch antenna project by Steve Jensen for his independent study at Northern Arizona University. The objectives are to understand antenna theory and microstrip patch antennas, design a patch antenna with calculations, simulate the design, and potentially build and test it. The report covers topics like Wi-Fi channels, antenna radiation, transmission lines, field regions, bandwidth, radiation patterns, microstrip antennas, antenna feeds, substrate properties, antenna designs for Rogers 3003 and FR-4 substrates, and simulations of the designs. The total time spent is planned to be 135-140 hours to complete the project by December 14, 2010.
The document discusses MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology in 4G wireless networks. It describes how MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to provide benefits like increased throughput, robustness to fading, and the ability to support new broadband applications. It discusses various MIMO techniques including antenna diversity, beamforming, and space division multiplexing and how they improve the signal-to-noise ratio and mitigate multipath interference. MIMO has been adopted in technologies like WiFi, WiMAX, and LTE to provide these benefits and enhancements to wireless communications.
How to design Microstrip patch antenna design in ads 2009THANDAIAH PRABU
This document provides information on how to design microstrip patch antennas in ADS 2009 software. It discusses different types of microstrip antenna feeds such as microstrip line feed, coaxial feed, aperture coupled feed, and proximity coupled feed. It also compares these different feed types and summarizes their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The document includes an example of designing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna on a dielectric substrate to resonate at 10GHz. It further compares ADS, HFSS, and CST electromagnetic simulation software and recommends ADS 2009 as a good choice for both frequency domain and circuit simulations. Contact information is provided at the end.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
This document summarizes the design and analysis of an inverted-F antenna for wideband applications. It presents the geometry of the coaxially-fed inverted-F antenna and discusses its ability to resonate at wideband frequencies. The antenna is designed on an FR4_epoxy substrate using simulation software. Key parameters like return loss, VSWR, and gain are simulated and validated through measurements. The antenna operates in five bands from 1.18GHz to 7.97GHz with good matching between simulated and measured results, making it suitable for multi-band applications.
A coaxial fed double L-slot microstrip patch antenna array was designed for multi-band operation for WLAN and WiMAX applications. A single rectangular patch antenna with a center frequency of 3.6 GHz was designed for WiMAX. Double L-slots were added to reduce the resonance frequency to 2.6 GHz, suitable for WLAN frequencies from 2.23-5.35 GHz. Simulation results showed return losses of -21 dB at 3.8 GHz for WiMAX and -20 dB at 5.1 GHz for WLAN for the antenna array. The antenna exhibits good impedance matching performance and omnidirectional radiation patterns for both WiMAX and WLAN applications.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
The document describes a wide band W-shaped microstrip patch antenna with an inverted U-slotted ground plane designed for wireless applications. A parametric study was performed by varying the feed location and return loss variations were observed. An impedance bandwidth of 24.5% was obtained. Simulation results for return loss, VSWR, radiation patterns, and gain satisfied theoretical conditions. The antenna design achieves wide bandwidth suitable for wireless applications like WLAN and Bluetooth.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
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Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless ...ijtsrd
There are various types of microstrip antenna that can be used for many applications in communication systems. This paper presents the design of a folded shorted patch antenna FSPA for the application of Radio Frequency RF energy harvesting system capable of receiving radio frequency of GSM 900 band 860MHz to 960MHz . The antenna is designed using microstrip technology on an FR 4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6. The antenna was designed and simulated using FEKO, the Electromagnetic solver software. One slot is incorporated into the upper patch of the FSPA. Simulated results show that this antenna can attain an impedance bandwidth of 32MHz from 884MHz to 916MHz at the center frequency of 900MHz with the slot. The results also reveal the good unidirectional radiation pattern and the stable gain over the operating frequency. This antenna is well compatible with using RF energy harvesting to receive the signal of the GSM 900 band. Aye Thet Mon | Chaw Myat Nwe "Folded Shorted Patch Antenna with Slots for RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26476.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26476/folded-shorted-patch-antenna-with-slots-for-rf-energy-harvesting-in-wireless-sensor-network/aye-thet-mon
This document describes a dual-band microstrip patch antenna designed for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. The antenna consists of an L-shaped element and an E-shaped element printed on an FR4 substrate to generate two resonant modes at around 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz, covering the lower and higher WLAN bands. A microstrip stub is also introduced for impedance matching, which improves the gain and radiation efficiency. The antenna was simulated using Ansoft HFSS and achieved return losses of -38.08 dB and -40.74 dB at 2.4 GHz and 6 GHz respectively, demonstrating dual-band operation for WLAN systems.
A small couple slotted antenna for UWB applicationJigyasa Singh
WPAN technology aims to provide a reliable wireless communication between computer, portable devices & consumer electronics within short range.This requires high data rate.
Therefore, UWB technology has been designed & developed to meet this demand. For this, UWB antennas are essential.
This document describes the design and simulation of a dual band triangular slotted planar monopole circular antenna for WiMAX applications. The antenna consists of a circular radiating patch with an isosceles triangular slot, printed on an FR-4 substrate. A defected ground plane is used to improve bandwidth. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 3.5GHz and 5.3GHz with return losses below -30dB, meeting WiMAX bandwidth requirements. Measured results agree well with simulations. The antenna has omnidirectional radiation patterns and gains of 2.19dBi at 3.5GHz and 3.63dBi at 5.3GHz, making it suitable for short range wireless communications.
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages like smaller size, lower cost, lighter weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, making it suitable for the specified frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
Iisrt 7-design of multi purpose planar antennaIISRTJournals
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages like smaller size, lower cost, lighter weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, making it suitable for the specified frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
This document describes the design of a multi-purpose planar antenna that can operate in multiple frequency bands including DCS, WiBro, Bluetooth, wireless LAN, and ISM. The antenna was designed with an open-loop structure transformed from a monopole antenna. It has advantages such as small size, low cost, light weight, and higher gain than existing antennas. The antenna's resonance frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted by changing the gap and height of the open loop. Measurement results showed the antenna achieved bandwidths of 1.745-1.891GHz and 2.469-2.750GHz, satisfying the needs of the target frequency bands. Radiation patterns and current distributions were also simulated.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
This document discusses different types of traveling wave antennas, including long wire antennas and V antennas. It provides definitions of traveling wave antennas as non-resonant antennas where standing waves do not exist along the length. Long wire antennas are classified as having a length between 1-many wavelengths. Their current distribution attenuates along the length due to losses. V antennas consist of two wire antennas arranged horizontally to form a V shape. They can be resonant or non-resonant. Rhombic antennas are formed from two connected V antennas in a diamond shape and are highly directional but require large spaces. The document provides examples of their usage and concludes with designing a rhombic antenna.
IRJET- Design and Implementation of Three Feet Three Element VHF Antenna for ...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a three-foot, three-element VHF antenna for use with an ICOM 2300h transceiver. It aims to address issues like damage caused by reverse currents and high standing wave ratios when frequencies are changed. The antenna was simulated using ANSYS HFSS software. Key parameters like voltage standing wave ratio, bandwidth, directivity, gain and efficiency were evaluated. Results showed the VSWR was below 2.5:1 over the operating band and average power gain was 13dBi, making it suitable for point-to-point communication. A protection coil was also developed to nullify reverse currents and reduce standing wave ratios.
Iisrt 3-design of rectangular patch antenna array using advanced design metho...IISRTJournals
This document describes the design of rectangular patch antenna arrays. It discusses designing a single patch element and determining its physical parameters. It then covers designing 1x2 and 2x2 array configurations using rectangular patches. The feed networks are designed using quarter-wave transformers to match impedances. Simulation results show the return loss and Smith charts with deep S11 values at the operating frequency of 2.4GHz, indicating good impedance matching.
Design of rectangular patch antenna array using advanced design methodologyIISRT
This document describes the design of rectangular patch antenna arrays. It discusses designing a single patch element, including selecting substrate properties and calculating patch dimensions. It then covers array design, including arranging elements with proper spacing and designing feed networks. Specifically, it presents the design of 1x2 and 2x2 rectangular patch antenna arrays. The key parameters discussed are return loss, VSWR, and impedance matching using techniques like quarter-wave transformers. Simulation results showing return loss and Smith charts are presented to validate the designed arrays operate as intended around 2.4GHz.
A Wideband Circularly Polarized Printed Monopole Antenna with Symmetric Groun...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of a wideband circularly polarized printed monopole antenna with a symmetric ground plane for WiFi and WiMAX applications ranging from 2.5 to 7 GHz. The proposed antenna design introduces additional structures to the patch to increase bandwidth and decrease return loss. The design utilizes a coplanar waveguide fed microstrip patch antenna with an open symmetric ground plane. Simulation results using HFSS electromagnetic simulation software show that the proposed antenna achieves wideband performance from 3 to 7 GHz, making it applicable for the target 2.5 to 7 GHz frequency range.
Microstrip patch antenna for pcs and wlaneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to development in wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of an antenna in wireless communication. Patch antennas are well suited for various wireless application systems due to their low weight, low profile, versatility, conformability, low cost and low sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances. This paper present design, simulation of a rectangular micro strip antenna for WLAN and PCS. The aim of the work is to design reliable broadband, compact patch antenna for wireless devices. Antenna is proposed which is providing circular polarization, dual band, resonant frequencies at 1.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz. Key Words: Patch antenna, co-axial feeding, polarization, dual band, HFSS …
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Electromagnetic Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
1. Group Members:
Taha Rafiq FA11-BET-076
M. Junaid Khan FA11-BET-052
Umair Manzar FA11-BET-101
Hassan Mushtaq FA11-BET-109
2. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Antenna:
An antenna is a device which convert the electrical energy
of given frequency to Electromagnetic energy & vice versa.
Wi-fi Devices:
Wi-Fi devices are usually used to transmit electromagnetic
waves of frequency ranging from 3 GHz to 3.6 GHz.
Antenna Range :
We designed this antenna to work at the frequency of 3
GHz which is usually considered ideal for Wi-Fi signal’s
transmissions.
3. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
• In this project, antenna dimensions were analytically calculated
and fabricated .
• Analytical calculations were done using “Antenna Theory” by C.A.
Balanis .
Micro strip rectangular patch antenna is selected for the described
purpose because of its suitability at such higher frequencies.
4. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Working & Function of Components :
Di electric FR-4 with ε=4.4 & μ=1 (This layer act as dielectric resonant
layer).
Conducting Cu layer ( Act as Ground & Rectangular Patch).
SMA Connector (Provide 50 Ohms matching to the circuit).
5. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Design equation for rectangular patch antenna is as follows:-
Length and width of the rectangular were selected using specific
formulas given as below :
Calculations:
Width equation for rectangular patch antenna is as follows:-
6. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Calculations:
Length equation for rectangular patch antenna is as follows:-
“L” represents the length of the rectangular patch.
“W” represents the width of rectangular patch.
“c” represents the speed of light while € represents the permittivity of
FR-4 which is 4.4
7. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Calculated Results:
Length of the rectangular patch was calculated to be 2.2 cm.
Width of the rectangular patch was calculated to be 3.1 cm.
Area of ground layer is kept 10 cm x 10 cm.
SMA connector used has an impedance of 50 Ω.
Dielectric material has permitivity equals to 4.4 and permiabilty has 1.
9. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Simulations:
Antenna’s simulations were done using the software “Ansoft HFSS”.
Snapshots of the simulations are given as below:
10. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Simulations:
Antenna’s simulations were done using the software “Ansoft HFSS”.
Snapshots of the simulations are given as below:
Graph of Gain of Antenna is given as:
11. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Simulations:
Antenna’s simulations were done using the software “Ansoft HFSS”.
Snapshots of the simulations are given as below:
Radiating Diagram of Antenna is given as :
12. Antenna For Wi-Fi Devices
Simulations:
Antenna’s simulations were done using the software “Ansoft HFSS”.
Snapshots of the simulations are given as below:
Return Loss Curve of antenna is given as :