Smart Antenna
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Smart antenna ppt Type of Smart Antenna. Function of Smart Antenna. Application of Smart Antenna. Advantages of Smart Antenna. Disadvantages of Smart Antenna. Application of Smart Antenna. Future Scope of Smart Antenna
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Antenna presentation PPT
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is a channel access method where the available bandwidth is divided into multiple non-overlapping frequency bands and each user is assigned a specific frequency band. Each user can transmit or receive independently in its assigned frequency band without interference from other users. FDMA requires expensive bandpass filters for each frequency band and has strict linearity requirements for the transmission medium. The number of channels in an FDMA system is calculated by dividing the total available bandwidth minus the guard bands by the bandwidth of each individual channel.
Antennas and their types
This document discusses different types of antennas used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. It describes log-periodic antennas, which work over a wide frequency range using a logarithmic size progression of elements. Specific types are described, including bow-tie antennas and log-periodic dipole arrays. Wire antennas like dipoles, monopoles, and loops are also covered. Travelling wave antennas transmit signals along their length, represented by helical and Yagi-Uda antennas. Microwave antennas and reflector antennas are used at higher frequencies for applications like communication and radar. Key antenna properties and a variety of applications are also summarized.
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MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
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Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
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array and phased array antennna
An antenna array consists of multiple spatially separated antenna elements that can be combined to improve performance over a single antenna. Antenna arrays allow for high gain, steerable beams, diversity reception, interference cancellation, and direction finding. The performance of an antenna array improves as more elements are added. Additionally, increasing the element spacing provides higher directivity, but the spacing must remain below half the wavelength to avoid grating lobes. Phased arrays use differences in phase between element signals to steer the beam electronically without mechanical movement. This allows for rapid scanning compared to mechanical antennas.
Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple Access Techniques:
Pre-assigned FDMA,
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Frame and burst formats of TDMA,
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Antenna system
An antenna converts electric power into radio waves and vice versa. There are two main categories of antennas - omnidirectional antennas that radiate in all directions, and directional antennas that preferentially radiate in a particular direction. Key parameters that define antennas include frequency, directivity, efficiency, gain, wavelength, and polarization. Common types of antennas discussed are Yagi antennas, log-periodic antennas, horn antennas, loop antennas, and parabolic antennas.
2.3 time division multiple access
TDMA divides the radio spectrum into time slots and allows only one user to transmit or receive data during each time slot. It uses a buffer-and-burst transmission method, making it well-suited for digital systems. TDMA systems employ TDMA/TDD or TDMA/FDD for duplexing and multiple access. A TDMA frame includes a preamble for identification and synchronization, and multiple time slots containing user data, trail bits, and guard bits between slots. TDMA provides high transmission rates, simpler handoff, and is more cost-effective than FDMA, though it requires minimum guard times between slots to avoid interference.
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Antenna presentation PPT
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is a channel access method where the available bandwidth is divided into multiple non-overlapping frequency bands and each user is assigned a specific frequency band. Each user can transmit or receive independently in its assigned frequency band without interference from other users. FDMA requires expensive bandpass filters for each frequency band and has strict linearity requirements for the transmission medium. The number of channels in an FDMA system is calculated by dividing the total available bandwidth minus the guard bands by the bandwidth of each individual channel.
Antennas and their types
This document discusses different types of antennas used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. It describes log-periodic antennas, which work over a wide frequency range using a logarithmic size progression of elements. Specific types are described, including bow-tie antennas and log-periodic dipole arrays. Wire antennas like dipoles, monopoles, and loops are also covered. Travelling wave antennas transmit signals along their length, represented by helical and Yagi-Uda antennas. Microwave antennas and reflector antennas are used at higher frequencies for applications like communication and radar. Key antenna properties and a variety of applications are also summarized.
MicroStrip Antenna
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
array and phased array antennna
An antenna array consists of multiple spatially separated antenna elements that can be combined to improve performance over a single antenna. Antenna arrays allow for high gain, steerable beams, diversity reception, interference cancellation, and direction finding. The performance of an antenna array improves as more elements are added. Additionally, increasing the element spacing provides higher directivity, but the spacing must remain below half the wavelength to avoid grating lobes. Phased arrays use differences in phase between element signals to steer the beam electronically without mechanical movement. This allows for rapid scanning compared to mechanical antennas.
Multiple Access Techniques
Multiple Access Techniques:
Pre-assigned FDMA,
Demand-assigned FDMA,
Spade System,
TDMA,
Frame and burst formats of TDMA,
Reference burst,
On-board signal processing,
Network Synchronization,
Satellite-Switched TDMA
Antenna system
An antenna converts electric power into radio waves and vice versa. There are two main categories of antennas - omnidirectional antennas that radiate in all directions, and directional antennas that preferentially radiate in a particular direction. Key parameters that define antennas include frequency, directivity, efficiency, gain, wavelength, and polarization. Common types of antennas discussed are Yagi antennas, log-periodic antennas, horn antennas, loop antennas, and parabolic antennas.
2.3 time division multiple access
TDMA divides the radio spectrum into time slots and allows only one user to transmit or receive data during each time slot. It uses a buffer-and-burst transmission method, making it well-suited for digital systems. TDMA systems employ TDMA/TDD or TDMA/FDD for duplexing and multiple access. A TDMA frame includes a preamble for identification and synchronization, and multiple time slots containing user data, trail bits, and guard bits between slots. TDMA provides high transmission rates, simpler handoff, and is more cost-effective than FDMA, though it requires minimum guard times between slots to avoid interference.
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Multiple input & Multiple Output Systems
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems use multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. MIMO offers various diversity modes like time, frequency, and space diversity to decrease fading. It can also do spatial multiplexing to increase capacity without additional power or bandwidth. MIMO is used in many wireless standards like 802.11n, LTE, and is key to improving data rates towards 1Gbps while maintaining reliability. However, MIMO systems also face challenges of increased hardware complexity, power consumption, and processing requirements.
Demand Assigned Multiple Access
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Assignment Of 5G Antenna Design Technique
Assignment Of 5G Antenna Design TechniqueLITS IT Ltd,LASRC.SPACE,SAWDAGOR BD,FREELANCE BD,iREV,BD LAW ACADEMY,SMART AVI,HEA,HFSAC LTD.
The document discusses challenges and solutions for 5G antenna design in mobile terminals. Key challenges include handling high traffic volumes, supporting diverse use cases, and effects of a user's hand on antenna performance. Solutions proposed are MIMO, beamforming, mmWave frequencies, and small cells. Different antenna types are analyzed, including PIFA, SISO, MIMO, and metal rimmed designs. Performance is evaluated through simulation of factors like radiation patterns, S-parameters, and hand effects. The conclusion is that 5G antenna design must overcome past issues and dynamically support both 4G and high data flows to complete the evolution of wireless technologies.TYPES OF ANTENNA
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
Phased array antenna
Phased array antennas use interference between signals from multiple radiating elements to electronically steer antenna beams without moving parts. By adjusting the relative phases of the signals, the main beam direction can be changed. This allows for rapid electronic scanning to search for and track targets. Phased arrays are used in radar systems for military aircraft and ships where they provide advantages over mechanically scanned antennas, allowing detection of stealthy targets. Common arrangements include linear arrays that scan in one plane and planar arrays that provide two-dimensional beam steering.
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This document describes the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna in Ansoft HFSS. It discusses the basic components of a microstrip patch antenna including the radiating patch, dielectric substrate and ground plane. It then covers the simulation process in HFSS including defining the geometry, materials, boundary conditions, excitation source and frequency sweep setup. The document concludes that a rectangular patch antenna was successfully designed and simulated in HFSS to operate at 2.55 GHz.
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Antenna (2)
- Antennas convert electric currents into radio waves and vice versa. They are used in various technologies including radio, television, mobile phones, WiFi, and radar.
- The first antennas were built in 1888 by Heinrich Hertz to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. Modern antennas come in different types for applications like broadcasting, communications, and space exploration.
- Antennas work by using an oscillating current to generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate as radio waves. During reception, the antenna intercepts some power from incoming radio waves to produce a voltage for the receiver.
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Smart Antenna
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
Satellite Multiple Access Schemes
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and DAMA are multiple access techniques that allow multiple users to share access to a satellite for communication. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into different frequency channels. TDMA divides the bandwidth into different time slots. CDMA spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. DAMA dynamically assigns bandwidth according to demand rather than using pre-assigned blocks of time or frequency. These techniques allow efficient sharing of satellite bandwidth among multiple users.
Antennas in Wireless Communication
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smart antennas ppt
This document provides an overview of smart antennas. It begins with a brief history, noting that smart antennas were initially developed for military communications and intelligence gathering. The document defines smart antennas as antenna arrays that can adaptively change their pattern in response to signal environments to improve communication channel performance. It describes the key components and functioning of smart antennas, including digital beamforming and direction of arrival estimation techniques. The main types of smart antennas are explained as adaptive array antennas and switched beam array antennas. Advantages like reduced interference and increased capacity are outlined. Applications in mobile communications, satellites, and wireless networks are also mentioned.
Seminar on smart antenna systems
The document is a seminar report on smart antenna systems submitted by Ashok Behuria in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree. It discusses different types of smart antenna systems including switched beam and adaptive array systems. The report provides an overview of smart antennas, explaining that they combine antenna arrays with signal processing to optimize radiation and reception patterns automatically based on the signal environment.
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MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems use multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. MIMO offers various diversity modes like time, frequency, and space diversity to decrease fading. It can also do spatial multiplexing to increase capacity without additional power or bandwidth. MIMO is used in many wireless standards like 802.11n, LTE, and is key to improving data rates towards 1Gbps while maintaining reliability. However, MIMO systems also face challenges of increased hardware complexity, power consumption, and processing requirements.
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DAMA is a technique used to assign satellite channels to users on an as-needed basis. It allows a satellite to communicate with different earth stations simultaneously without interference. With DAMA, communication channels are assigned based on requests from user terminals to a network control system. Once allocated, a channel is reserved for a user's session and not available to others until it is finished. This improves efficiency over systems that permanently allocate channels.
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How they work?
Adv and DisAdv of them.
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Assignment Of 5G Antenna Design Technique
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The document discusses challenges and solutions for 5G antenna design in mobile terminals. Key challenges include handling high traffic volumes, supporting diverse use cases, and effects of a user's hand on antenna performance. Solutions proposed are MIMO, beamforming, mmWave frequencies, and small cells. Different antenna types are analyzed, including PIFA, SISO, MIMO, and metal rimmed designs. Performance is evaluated through simulation of factors like radiation patterns, S-parameters, and hand effects. The conclusion is that 5G antenna design must overcome past issues and dynamically support both 4G and high data flows to complete the evolution of wireless technologies.TYPES OF ANTENNA
Its a good presentation on Antenna topic because every one is know that in electrical engineering antenna is a complete subject & its too much difficult subject of electrical engineering....I hope this ppt slides helpful in your future...Thanks A lot guys.......
KINDLY REGARDS
KHAWAJA SHAHBAZ IQBAL
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB ,LAHORE ,PAKISTAN
+923360690272
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Phased array antennas use interference between signals from multiple radiating elements to electronically steer antenna beams without moving parts. By adjusting the relative phases of the signals, the main beam direction can be changed. This allows for rapid electronic scanning to search for and track targets. Phased arrays are used in radar systems for military aircraft and ships where they provide advantages over mechanically scanned antennas, allowing detection of stealthy targets. Common arrangements include linear arrays that scan in one plane and planar arrays that provide two-dimensional beam steering.
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
This document describes the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna in Ansoft HFSS. It discusses the basic components of a microstrip patch antenna including the radiating patch, dielectric substrate and ground plane. It then covers the simulation process in HFSS including defining the geometry, materials, boundary conditions, excitation source and frequency sweep setup. The document concludes that a rectangular patch antenna was successfully designed and simulated in HFSS to operate at 2.55 GHz.
2. wireless propagation models free space propagation
This document discusses wireless communication propagation mechanisms and propagation models. It explains that when a signal hits an obstacle, it can be reflected, diffracted, or scattered depending on the surface properties. Propagation models are used to predict the average received signal power and design wireless systems by characterizing radio wave propagation based on factors like frequency and distance. Small-scale fading models predict power fluctuations over short ranges, while large-scale models predict average power decreases over large distances between transmitter and receiver.
Antenna (2)
- Antennas convert electric currents into radio waves and vice versa. They are used in various technologies including radio, television, mobile phones, WiFi, and radar.
- The first antennas were built in 1888 by Heinrich Hertz to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves. Modern antennas come in different types for applications like broadcasting, communications, and space exploration.
- Antennas work by using an oscillating current to generate oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate as radio waves. During reception, the antenna intercepts some power from incoming radio waves to produce a voltage for the receiver.
Imt 2000
3G cellular networks aimed to provide higher bandwidth and data rates, global roaming, and support for multimedia services. The ITU defined the IMT-2000 standard to enable these capabilities. Major 3G technologies included W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and UWC-136. Early 3G networks rolled out starting in 2001, with the Japanese and Koreans among the first to offer services meeting IMT-2000 specifications. Key technologies like higher bandwidths, packet switching, coherent modulation, smart antennas, and interference management helped 3G networks provide improved performance over 2G networks.
Smart Antenna
This ppt is about Smart Antenna which includes history, Introduction, Working of smart antenna and where this smart antennas can be used.This ppt also tells about the types of smart antenna and the main principle of working of smart antenna. Smart antennas mainly categorized as Adaptive and switched beam array.Among these two adaptive antenna is used for the efficient utilisation of frequency spectrum.
Satellite Multiple Access Schemes
FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and DAMA are multiple access techniques that allow multiple users to share access to a satellite for communication. FDMA divides the available bandwidth into different frequency channels. TDMA divides the bandwidth into different time slots. CDMA spreads each user's signal over the entire bandwidth using unique codes. DAMA dynamically assigns bandwidth according to demand rather than using pre-assigned blocks of time or frequency. These techniques allow efficient sharing of satellite bandwidth among multiple users.
Antennas in Wireless Communication
An antenna converts electric energy to radio waves and vice versa. It consists of a transmitter and receiver. There are different types of antennas including Yagi-Uda antennas, helix antennas, parabolic antennas, loop antennas, and horn antennas. Each antenna type has distinct characteristics like directionality, frequency range, and applications. For example, Yagi-Uda antennas have high gain and directivity for frequencies from 300MHz to 3GHz, while helix antennas are omni-directional for VHF and UHF bands.
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This document provides an overview of smart antennas. It begins with a brief history, noting that smart antennas were initially developed for military communications and intelligence gathering. The document defines smart antennas as antenna arrays that can adaptively change their pattern in response to signal environments to improve communication channel performance. It describes the key components and functioning of smart antennas, including digital beamforming and direction of arrival estimation techniques. The main types of smart antennas are explained as adaptive array antennas and switched beam array antennas. Advantages like reduced interference and increased capacity are outlined. Applications in mobile communications, satellites, and wireless networks are also mentioned.
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Smart antenna systems combine multiple antenna elements with signal processing to optimize radiation and reception patterns automatically in response to the signal environment. There are two main types: switched beam systems which use a finite number of fixed patterns, and adaptive arrays which use an infinite number of patterns adjusted in real time. The goals of smart antenna systems are to increase signal gain, reduce interference, and improve power efficiency. They provide benefits like increased range and coverage as well as interference suppression.
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The document discusses the evolution of smart antennas from omnidirectional antennas to more advanced technologies. It describes how early cellular systems used omnidirectional antennas that radiated energy in all directions, reducing efficiency. To increase capacity, cells were subdivided through techniques like cell splitting and sectorization using directional antennas. However, smart antennas further improved capacity by dynamically adjusting antenna patterns using switched beams or adaptive arrays to focus on users and suppress interference. This allows techniques like SDMA that can serve multiple users per channel. The document outlines benefits of smart antennas but also notes their increased complexity over traditional antennas. It discusses research on applying smart antenna concepts to mobile devices.
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3) Adaptive array antennas can direct their main beam toward the desired signal while suppressing interference by adapting their pattern, allowing them to customize coverage for each user.
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The document discusses smart antennas, which are antenna arrays that dynamically adjust their radiation pattern through techniques like beamforming. It describes the basic components of a smart antenna like antenna arrays and discusses techniques used in smart antennas like switched beam systems, adaptive arrays, direction of arrival estimation algorithms like MUSIC and ESPRIT. The summary provides an overview of smart antennas and their advantages in improving wireless communication systems by enhancing coverage, reducing interference and improving capacity.
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The document classifies antennas based on frequency and focuses on microwave antennas. It describes common microwave antenna types including horn antennas, microstrip patch antennas, parabolic antennas, plasma antennas, and MIMO antennas. It provides details on each antenna's design and applications in areas like satellite communication, cellular networks, and WiFi. In conclusion, the document discusses how microwave antennas are essential for wireless communication systems.
R0450697101
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Quick Way to Know about Antenna and Its Type
An antenna plays a significant role in the realm of wireless communication. It is a metallic structure designed for receiving and transmitting a wide range of radiofrequency waves wirelessly.
smart antenna with automatic beam switching for mobile communication.pptx
seminar on smart antenna with automatic beam switching for mobile communication for electrical and electronics engineering students
Smart antenna
This document discusses smart antenna technology. It defines smart antennas as antenna systems that combine multiple antenna elements with signal processing to optimize radiation and reception patterns in response to the signal environment. The document describes two main types of smart antennas: switched beam antennas which form fixed beams and adaptively switch between them, and adaptive array antennas which can form an infinite number of patterns in real-time to maximize desired signals and minimize interference. It compares the advantages and drawbacks of each type and discusses applications of smart antenna technology in fields like wireless networks and satellite systems.
B0520710
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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Smart Antenna
- 1. SMART ANTENNA RESEARCH TOPIC NEERAJKUMAR
- 2. AGENDA 1. History 2. Introduction 3. What is smart antenna? 4. Functioning of smart antenna. 5. Types of smart antenna. 6. Digital beam forming 7. DOA estimation 8. Advantages 9. Application and conclusion 10. Reference
- 3. HISTORY 1. The German inventor and physicist Karl F. Braun demonstrated beamforming for the first time in 1905. 2. The Smart Antenna was developed for “Military Communications” and “Intelligence gathering”. 3. New opportunities were created for smart antenna in the year 1990 by satellite broadcasting industries.
- 4. INTRODUCTION Antenna is electrical device which converted electric power into electromagnetic waves. A smart Antenna consist of an antenna array, that changes the array pattern in response to signal environment to improve the performance of a communication channel. Smart antenna is not smart, it is the digital signal processing, along with the antennas, which makes the system smart.
- 6. WHY WE NEED THIS SMART ANTENNA 1. Regular antenna(omnidirectional): generates beams in all directions. 2. Having directional pattern in orthogonal plane and non-directional pattern in given plane. 3. Smart antenna: adaptive antenna utilizes adaptive DSP based techniques and digital technology.
- 7. FUNCTIONING OF SMART ANTENNA 1. Estimation of Direction of arrival (DOA) 2. Beamforming Method
- 8. 1. ESTIMATION OF DIRECTION OF ARRIVAL (DOA) In smart antennas various techniques like MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithms are used to find the DOA of a signal.
- 9. 2. BEAMFORMING METHOD The mobiles or targets at which the signals are to be sent are first sought out and then a radiation pattern of the antenna array is created by adding the signal phases. At the same time the mobiles which will not need the signal will be out of pattern
- 11. TYPES OF SMART ANTENNA
- 12. ADAPTIVE ARRAY ANTENNAS Has become a core system component in future generation mobile networks. Adaptive array allow the antenna to steer the beam to any direction of interest while simultaneously nulling interfering signals. This antennas can track and locate signal
- 13. SWITCHED BEAM ARRAY ANTENNAS They have several available fixed beam patterns. Decision has to be made which beam has to be access at any given point of time. Overall goal of the switched beam system is to increase gain according to the location of user.
- 15. ADVANTAGES OF SMART ANTENNA SYSTEM: 1. It improves the wireless system performance. 2. It is economic for a large range of potential users. 3. It increases in signal quality, capacity as well as the coverage. 4. It is now possible to multiple channels in spatial dimension.
- 16. DISADVANTAGES: 1. Smart Antenna System is complex in design. 2. Very expensive 3. Larger size than traditional one
- 17. APPLICATION 1. Acositic signal processing 2. Tracking of RADAR 3. Cellular System 4. It is used in the satellite systems
- 18. CONCLUSION Smart antennas are the intelligent antenna systems that vastly improve the efficiency of wireless transmission.