Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
An induction is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
this presentation gives a clear idea of how the servo motor and servo drive working explained in detail and attached video have a clear idea of how servo motor works......enjoy, i hope you will like this.... :)
he main purpose of transient stability studies is to determineThe main purpose of transient stability studies is to determine
whether a system will remain in synchronism following major
disturbances such as transmission system faults, sudden load
changes, loss of generating units, or line switching.
An induction is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. An induction motor's rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
this presentation gives a clear idea of how the servo motor and servo drive working explained in detail and attached video have a clear idea of how servo motor works......enjoy, i hope you will like this.... :)
he main purpose of transient stability studies is to determineThe main purpose of transient stability studies is to determine
whether a system will remain in synchronism following major
disturbances such as transmission system faults, sudden load
changes, loss of generating units, or line switching.
basic understanding of the servo motors
1-components
2-how it works
3-advantages and disadvantages of the servo motor
4-what size of the servo motor to select
Stepper Motor Types, Advantages And Applicationselprocus
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discrete step increments when electrical command pulses are
applied to it in the proper sequence. The motors rotation has several direct relationships to these applied input pulses. The sequence of the applied pulses is directly related to the direction of motor shafts rotation. The speed of the
motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.
Mr. C.S.Satheesh, M.E.,
Servomotor
Control motors
Two Phase AC Servo Motor
Three Phase AC Servo Motor
DC Servo Motor
AC Servo Motor
Control Type Synchro.
Torque Transmission Type Synchro
Synchros
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
2. A Servo Motor is a motor which is part
of a servomechanism. It is typically paired with
some type of encoder to provide positioning
and speed feedback.
Servo Motor
3. Servo Motor Basics
A Servo Motor is defined as an automatic
device that uses an error-correction routine to
correct its motion. The term servo can be
applied to systems other than a Servo Motor;
systems that use a feedback mechanism such as
an encoder or other feedback device to control
the motion parameters.
4. Servo Motor Basics
Typically when the term servo is used it
applies to a 'Servo Motor' but is also used as a
general control term, meaning that a feedback
loop is used to position an item.
5. Servo Motor Basics
A servomechanism may or may not use a
servo motor. For example, a household furnace is a
servomechanism that is controlled by a thermostat.
Once a set temperature is reached, there is
feedback signaling it to shut off; making it a
“servo” in nature. The term “servo” describes more
of a function or task, than it does a specific product
line. For this guide, we will discuss servo motors
specifically.
6. Servo Motor Basics
A servo motor can be a DC, AC, or
brushless DC motor, combined with a position
sensor; in most cases, a digital encoder. A servo
motor is typically the motor selected when it is
essential that there is a high degree of
confidence that the servo motor and drive
system will closely track what is asked of it.
7. Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
A Servo Motor consists of three major
parts: a motor, control board, and
potentiometer (variable resistor) connected to
the output shaft. The motor utilizes a set of
gears to rotate the potentiometer and the
output shaft at the same time. The
potentiometer, which controls the angle of the
servo motor, allows the control circuitry to
monitor the current angle of the servo motor.
8. Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
The motor, through a series of gears, turns
the output shaft and the potentiometer
simultaneously. The potentiometer is fed into
the servo control circuit and when the control
circuit detects that the position is correct, it stops
the servo motor. If the control circuit detects
that the angle is not correct, it will turn the
servo motor the correct direction until the angle
is correct.
9. Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
Normally a servo motor is used to control
an angular motion of between 0 and 180
degrees. It is not mechanically capable (unless
modified) of turning any farther due to the
mechanical stop build on to the main output
gear.
10. Where are Servo
Motors used?
Servos are extremely useful in robotics and
automation. Servo motors are used across
various automation fields specifically where the
motor must be able to operate at a range of
speeds without overheating, operate at zero
speed while being able to retain its load in a set
position, as well as operate at low speeds .
11. Where are Servo
Motors used?
The aerospace industry makes use of servo
motors in their hydraulic systems to contain
system hydraulic fluid. The servo motor is
relatively small in size, yet very powerful. A
servo motor also draws power proportional to
the mechanical load.
12. What Industries are Servo
Motors used in?
Servo motors are seen in applications such
as factory automation, robotics, CNC
machinery, and packaging. The feedback lets
the drive know its position, speed, and torque
to detect unwanted motion. Pharmaceutical
industries are driven be the need to create
smaller devices; ones that are easier to operate
and function more efficiently.
13. Industrial Servo Motor
The grey/green cylinder is the brush-type
DC motor. The black section at the bottom
contains the planetary reduction gear, and the
black object on top of the motor is the optical
rotary encoder for position feedback. This is the
steering actuator of a large robot vehicle .
15. How Does a Servo Motor
Work?
Typical servo motor mechanism is not
complex. The servo motor has control circuits
and a potentiometer that is connected to the
output shaft. The shaft, which is the output
device, links to a potentiometer and control
circuits that are located inside the servo .
16. How Does a Servo Motor
Work?
The potentiometer, coupled with signals
from the control circuits, control the angle of the
shaft – anywhere from 0 to 180 degrees,
sometimes further. The potentiometer allows
the control circuitry to monitor the current
angle of the servo motor.
17. How Does a Servo Motor
Work?
If the shaft is at the correct angle, the
servo motor idles until next positioning signal is
received. The servo motor will rotate the correct
direction until the angle is correct. Each servo
motor works off of modulation known as Pulse
Coded Modulation, or PCM. The motor has a
control wire that is given a pulse application for
a certain length of time .
18. How are Servo Motors
controlled?
Servo motors operate on negative
feedback, meaning that the control input is
closely compared to the actual position via a
transducer. If there is any variance between
physical and wanted values, an error signal is
amplified, converted, and used to drive the
system in the direction necessary to reduce or
eliminate error.
19. How are Servo Motors
controlled?
Servo motors are controlled by a pulse of
variable width that is sent from a micro-
controller output pin to the servo motor’s
control wire. The shaft angle is determined by
the duration of the pulse, also known as pulse
width modulation (pwm ). This pulse has to
have specific parameters such as; minimum
pulse, a maximum pulse, and a repetition rate.
20. Servo Motor Types
1 . Rotary Servo Motor
A rotary Servo Motor is what most people
think of when they think of a Servo Motor. The
three types of Rotary Servo Motors are: AC Servo
Motor, Brush DC Servo Motor, and Brushless DC
Servo Motor. The motion of a rotary Servo Motor is
often converted into linear motion by the use of a
screw thread (ball screw or lead screw), or with the
use of belts and pulleys .
21. Servo Motor Types
1 . Rotary Servo Motor
A Rotary AC Servo Motor is an AC type
motor that is used with a feedback device.
These are typically used in smaller applications,
because a large AC Servo Motor is typically
inefficient when compared to its DC or Brushless
counterparts.
23. Servo Motor Types
2 . Linear Servo Motor
A linear Servo Motor is a flattened out
Servo Motor where the rotor is on the inside,
and the coils are on the outside of a moveable
u-channel. Both Servo Motor types are
becoming more popular as Servo Motor prices
continue to come down.
25. Servo Motor Feedback
There are two options for Servo Motor
feedback controls, either a servo encoder or a
servo resolver. A servo encoder and a servo
resolver provide the same solution in many
applications, but are vastly different. They are
both used to sense speed, direction, and position
of the Servo Motor output shaft.
26. Servo Motor Feedback
The resolver on the Servo Motor uses a
second set of rotor and stator coils called the
transformer to induce rotor voltages across an
air gap. The resolver does not use any electronic
components, therefore it is very robust with a
high temperature range, and is inherently
shock-resistant due to its design. A resolver is
mostly used in harsh environments .
27. Servo Motor Feedback
The optical encoder on the Servo Motor
uses a rotating shutter to interrupt a beam of
light across an air gap between a light source
and a photo detector, over time the wear
associated with the rotating shutter reduces the
longevity and reliability of the encoder. The
application will determine whether a resolver or
an encoder is needed.
28. Servo Motor Feedback
Encoders are more accurate and are
easier to implement so they should be the first
choice for any application. The only reason to
choose a resolver is environmental concerns and
longevity requirements.
29. Stepper Motor Versus Servo Motor
Stepper Motor Advantages Servo Motor Advantages
Stability: A stepper motor can drive a
wide range of frictional and inertial
loads
High output: Power in relation to the
servo motor size and weight
Does Not Require Feedback: The
stepper motor also acts as the position
transducer
Encoder: Determines the accuracy and
resolution of the servo motor
Price: Relatively inexpensive
High-efficiency: The servo motor can
approach 90% efficiency at light loads
Standardized: NEMA standard frame
size and performance
High Torque to Inertia Ratio: The servo
motor can rapidly accelerate loads
Plug and Play features: Easy to set up
and use
A servo motor has 2-3 times continuous
power for short periods
30. Stepper Motor Versus Servo Motor
Stepper Motor Advantages Servo Motor Advantages
Safety: The stepper motor stops if
there is a malfunction or interference
A servo motor has 5-10 times rated
torque for short periods
Excellent Low Speed Torque: The
stepper motor has the ability to drive
several loads without gearing
A servo motor stays cool because the
current draw is proportional to load
Repeatability: Accurately returns to
the same location - open loop system
A servo motor maintains usable high
speed torque of 90% of NL RPM
Overload safe: A mechanical overload
cannot damage the stepper motor
A servo motor performs quietly at high
speeds silently
Longevity: If the specifications of the
motor are not exceeded, the stepper
is good for 10,000 hours of operation
A servo motor has a resonance-free and
vibration-free operation