Qualitative methods are used to understand why and how things occur rather than measuring statistical significance or quantities. The document discusses qualitative research basics including developing a research question, selecting participants, and collecting and analyzing data. It provides examples of participant selection methods like maximum variation and key informants. Data collection methods covered include interviews, observation, and document review. Analysis styles like template, editing, and immersion/crystallization are also outlined. Case studies are then used to demonstrate applying these concepts.