The document provides an introduction to a course on the History of Architecture and the Built Environment. It discusses key concepts like what history and architecture are, and traces how architecture has changed over time in areas like building design and construction methods. The course will examine architectural developments in early civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley. It outlines a tentative teaching schedule and types of assignments students will complete, focusing on tracing architectural and structural changes from early shelters to modern structures.
Contemporary architecture means present day diverse, influencial and innovative design.
It is not a synonym of modern architecture but applies to a range of styles built recently for current use.
The design is always spacious ,connecting indoors and outdoors.
It includes reusing of old materials or structures or use of natural materials.
Contemporary means of current time , always evolving or changing.
So it can be said that contemporary architecture started when the very first designs were made.
First introduced in late 20th century and common in 21st century.
Contemporary architecture means present day diverse, influencial and innovative design.
It is not a synonym of modern architecture but applies to a range of styles built recently for current use.
The design is always spacious ,connecting indoors and outdoors.
It includes reusing of old materials or structures or use of natural materials.
Contemporary means of current time , always evolving or changing.
So it can be said that contemporary architecture started when the very first designs were made.
First introduced in late 20th century and common in 21st century.
barch_1st sem_anna univ. affl._msajaa_INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – FORM_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – SPACE_PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
barch_1st sem_anna univ. affl._msajaa_INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – FORM_ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE – SPACE_PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURE
It is a term used to categorise methods of
construction which use locally available
resources and traditions to address local
needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over
time to reflect the environmental, cultural
and historical context in which it exists.
It has often been dismissed as crude and
unrefined, but also has proponents who
highlight its importance in current design.
HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE & THE ANCIENT ART OF PLANNING: THE ERA FORGOTTENcivej
This paper is a literature study that discusses the magic of ancient Architecture, planning and construction
techniques of the World. It is a brief study that describes and explains various elements of how
architecture, planning and construction evolved in various corners of the world. Architecture is the art
form which merges Art with Science. It unites aesthetics, safety, structure, dimensions and emotions in a
solid built state. Architecture, planning and construction of shelters, temples and cities had a very primitive
origin dating to the beginning of mankind. As mankind evolved so did Architecture and planning. This
paper follows the traces of historic changes in trends, cultures, traditions, styles and regions through time.
The various stages of evolutions are described below along with the visionary changes in Architecture,
planning and construction over time. This paper is an effort to concise the evolution of architecture,
planning and construction from the very beginning to a few pages.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
LECTURE-1
INTRODUCTION TO THE
SUBJECT
1st Semester B .Arch, August - December 2013
2. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
WHAT IS HISTORY?
The study of past events
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings,
HISTORY
Architecture
ENVIRONMENT
Colosseum Rome
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings, artifacts
An object made by a human being
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings, artifacts and paintings.
3. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
HISTORY
Architecture
ENVIRONMENT
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific PERIOD
Parthenon, GreekGothic CathedralsThe National Congress of Brazil,
4. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
HISTORY
Architecture
ENVIRONMENT
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific period, PLACE
Places with heavy rainfallDesign on a hill
5. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
HISTORY
Architecture
ENVIRONMENT
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific period, place, or CULTURE:
Hindu architecture
Sikh architectureChinese architectureChurch architecture
6. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?
HISTORY
Architecture
ENVIRONMENT
The setting or condition in which a particular activity is carried on.
Natural Environment Man made Environment
7. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions
8. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Structures
What is a Structures?
Various elements of building
And
How these elements are interrelated…
Purpose of Structures design ?
To make building able to stand
And
Also withstand forces which acts
on it .
Forces: Dead load
Live load
Wind force
Snow force
9. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Structures
Caves - Natural formationsTress branches and leavesStone hutSun dried (katcha ) brick house
Falling water house , Pennsylvania
10. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Structures
11. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Construction Methods
12. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Construction Methods
13. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in Construction Methods
14. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Traces the changes in
Design of various
building types &
functions , Structure,
Construction methods
and other
architectural
elements
Through
Various Traditions,
Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The
Primitive Phases till
the present day.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Traces the changes in other architectural elements
15. HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
&
BUILT
ENVIRONMENTS
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -I
Group of
BUILDINGS
Includes a
Therefore we must understand that history of architecture
doesn’t end with the single building or element but includes
the surroundings as well…
Acropolis Athens
16. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
BC = Before Christ - THE YEARS BEFORE THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST
A.D. = Anno Domini (year of our Lord) The number of years since the birth of
Jesús Christ. THE YEARS AFTER THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST
17. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The human race appeared on Earth 2.000.000 or 3.000.000 years ago and...
...Paleolithic started
Life in prehistory : The fight for survival
Humans are living creaturas.… What do we need to survive?
WATER FOODPROTECTION
18. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
In Palaeolithic people were NOMADIC
People moved from one place to another...
Protection from bad weather, dangers…
They sheltered in caves
19. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Survival was not easy...
The storage of water?
They learnt to make containers that can store water
POTTERY
20. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Wild fruits and vegetables MeatFish
They had...
21. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
There were a lot of problems!
It’s difficult to find wild fruits and vegetables during the cold winters
They learnt to farm the land They learnt to make containers
that can store food
BASKETS
POTTERY
22. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Hunting was also not easy…
Animals are stronger, bigger and faster than men
They learnt to shape stones into tools or weapons
23. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Could they hunt and fish always?
No, it’s difficult to find animals during the cold winter
They learnt to take care of animals
Difficulties to hunt and fish during the cold winter
24. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The vegetables soup is boiling
Baking bread
COOKING FOOD: Humans learnt how to use fire to cook, so
their diet became healthy and tasty
Roasting some meat
THE USES OF FIRE
25. BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Cave is not a nice place to live
They built huts They lived in settlements
In Neolithic people learnt to farm the land and take care of animals
In Neolithic people became SEDENTARY
26. • World population grew
• People began to grow more food than they would need – allowed people to
do things other than farming
• Trade increased
• Establishment of Towns/Cities
• Cities become centers of trade, politics and culture
• Men became superior
• Formalized religion
Ceremonies, rituals, and worship
Built large temples
BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Changes in society..
27. • Based on occupations, wealth, and influence
– rulers, priests, and nobles
– merchants and artisans
– farmers and unskilled workers – majority
– slaves
BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Social classes ..
28. Organized Government
• Projects need planning-decision making
• created laws
• established systems of justice
• supervised food production and building projects
• gathered taxes
• organized defense
BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
29. NEED TO STUDY HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
To locate our self , that we are not individual, we are connected to
the entire world.
Experience from the past , largely influence today's decision.
We get to know that each era since the beginning of time formed its
own unique style ..
Every action is sequel to another , so without studying past we cant
move further..
Thus we need to study about our past and to know how
change has happens through time
30. We have learnt from our past……….
And we are witnessing its reflections today as well……
And now
We must create things today that become
History tomorrow
32. Overview of the entire course to be covered during the semester
Unit-I
• Definition and scope of Architecture. Interdependence of various components of the built
environment. Need for a holistic approach.
• Man’s early/prehistoric attempts to colonise and personalize space. Examples of early
shelters, Stonehenge, tumuli, etc. as expression of man’s physical and spiritual needs
• Determinants of Built Form - geo-physical, societal, political and technological, etc.
Global examples of vernacular architecture.
• Introduction to the River Valley Civilizations. Comparative study of different
manifestations with reference to location, materials and techniques, socio-cultural
influences and other contextual factors
Unit-II
• Egyptian Civilization: Concept of the Royal Necropolis, locational context and architectural
characteristics of public buildings, e.g. mastabas, pyramids and temples(rock-cut &
structural) -one example of each type to be chosen. Worker’s settlement- city of Kahun.
• Mesopotamian Civilization; the urban context and architecture of public buildings
(ziggurats and palaces). Examples of the city and Ziggurat of Ur, city and palace and of
Khorsabad.
Unit-III
• Indus Valley Civilization: Form of the Harappan City, location and role of public buildings.
• Architecture of the typical Harappan dwelling, Granary and Bath.
• The Vedic Village, Building typology and construction
33. Tentative Teaching schedule
Week no. Contents
Week -1
(9th Aug , 2013 )
Id (Holiday)
Week -2
(16thAug , 2013 )
Definition and scope of Architecture. Interdependence of various components of the built
environment. Need for a holistic approach
Week -3
(23rdAug , 2013 )
Man’s early/prehistoric attempts to colonise and personalise space. Examples of early
shelters, Stonehenge, tumuli, etc. as expression of man’s physical and spiritual needs
Week -4
(30thAug , 2013 )
Week -5
(6th Sep , 2013 )
Determinants of Built Form - geo-physical, societal, political and technological, etc. Global
examples of vernacular architecture.
Week -6
(13th Sep, 2013 )
Class test
Introduction to the River Valley Civilizations. Comparative study of different manifestations
with reference to location, materials and techniques, socio-cultural influences and other
contextual factors
Week -7
(20th Sep , 2013 )
Week -8
(27th Sep ,2013 )
MST 1
34. Tentative Teaching schedule
Week no. Contents
Week -9
(4th Oct, 2013 )
International Conference & Training Workshop by CSPA
Week -10
(11th Oct , 2013 )
Pratibimbh 2013 ( Annual fest )
Week -11
(18thOct, 2013 )
Egyptian Civilization: Concept of the Royal Necropolis, locational context and architectural
characteristics of public buildings, e.g. mastabas, pyramids and temples(rock-cut &
structural) -one example of each type to be chosen. Worker’s settlement- city of Kahun.
Week -12
(25th Oct , 2013 )
Week -13
(1st Nov , 2013 )
MST 2
Week -14
(8th Nov, 2013 )
Mesopotamian Civilization; the urban context and architecture of public buildings (ziggurats
and palaces). Examples of the city and Ziggurat of Ur, city and palace and of Khorsabad.
Week -15
(15th Nov, 2013 )
MST 3
Week -16
(22nd Nov, 2013 )
Class test
Indus Valley Civilization: Form of the Harappan City, location and role of public buildings.
Architecture of the typical Harappan dwelling, Granary and Bath.
The Vedic Village, Building typology and construction
Week -17
(29th Nov 2013 )
35. Kind of assignments the students would be expected to undertake, evaluation system