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The document discusses three main types of weathering that break down and wear away rock material: physical, chemical, and biological weathering. Physical weathering occurs through temperature changes that cause rocks to expand and contract, such as freeze-thaw weathering. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that alter the composition of rocks, such as acid rain dissolving rocks and iron oxidizing. Biological weathering is caused by plant and animal activity, like plant roots growing in cracks and breaking rocks apart over time.
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The document discusses the rock cycle and natural forces that break down rocks to form soil. It defines mechanical weathering as the natural process where physical forces split rocks apart without changing their composition, such as through ice wedging, pressure release, exfoliation, and plant and tree root growth. Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks through reactions with water and air, including dissolving, rusting, and weathering occurring at different rates depending on surface area, rock composition, and climate.
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Weathering breaks rocks into small pieces through various natural processes like abrasion where wind blows sand and rocks against larger rocks wearing them down, or carbonic acid formation when carbon dioxide dissolves in water forming a weak acid. Chemical weathering also changes the outer form and color of rocks through rain, heat, and wind altering their chemical makeup, while physical weathering modifies the rock structure without chemical changes through exfoliation where rocks peel in layers or other non-chemical impacts.
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The document discusses different types of weathering and erosion that break down rocks over time. It explains that physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through processes like frost wedging and temperature changes while chemical weathering uses acid to erode rocks. The document also describes an experiment to determine if rocks are porous by seeing if they absorb water and increase in weight.
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This type of physical weathering is pressure release. Pressure release occurs when rocks that formed under deep burial are uplifted and erosion removes the overlying layers, allowing the rock to expand and form sheet joints parallel to the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite batholiths are commonly subjected to pressure release weathering when uplifted.
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This document discusses different types of volcanoes and rocks. It describes cinder cone volcanoes as having moderately steep sides and small summit craters. Shield volcanoes are described as having low slopes and consisting almost entirely of frozen lava with large summit craters. The document then defines rocks and discusses the three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details on how each type forms and examples of different rocks within each type.
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The document discusses the rock cycle, how rocks change over time through heating, cooling, weathering, erosion and deposition. It describes the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic - and how each forms. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed and cemented sediment. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks that are changed by heat and pressure. Weathering and erosion impact rock formations over time.
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This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either underground or on the surface as lava. Metamorphic rocks form from the change of existing igneous or sedimentary rocks through heat and pressure. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering and deposition of existing rocks and their lithification over time. Examples of each rock type are provided and the rock cycle diagram illustrates how the different rock types are interrelated.
Granite Tor
Granite tors form when magma cools and contracts below softer rock. Over time, erosion exposes the granite batholith and cracks form from contraction and pressure release. Freeze-thaw weathering from water in the cracks causes them to widen and break off scree. This leaves characteristic smooth, round edges and visible joints in the exposed tor. Dartmoor National Park in England has many popular granite tors for tourists to visit, such as Bowermans Nose, Black Tor, and Hay Tor.
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The document discusses the rock cycle and natural forces that break down rocks to form soil. It defines mechanical weathering as the natural process where physical forces split rocks apart without changing their composition, such as through ice wedging, pressure release, exfoliation, and plant and tree root growth. Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks through reactions with water and air, including dissolving, rusting, and weathering occurring at different rates depending on surface area, rock composition, and climate.
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Weathering breaks rocks into small pieces through various natural processes like abrasion where wind blows sand and rocks against larger rocks wearing them down, or carbonic acid formation when carbon dioxide dissolves in water forming a weak acid. Chemical weathering also changes the outer form and color of rocks through rain, heat, and wind altering their chemical makeup, while physical weathering modifies the rock structure without chemical changes through exfoliation where rocks peel in layers or other non-chemical impacts.
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This type of physical weathering is pressure release. Pressure release occurs when rocks that formed under deep burial are uplifted and erosion removes the overlying layers, allowing the rock to expand and form sheet joints parallel to the surface. Intrusive rocks like granite batholiths are commonly subjected to pressure release weathering when uplifted.
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This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either underground or on the surface as lava. Metamorphic rocks form from the change of existing igneous or sedimentary rocks through heat and pressure. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering and deposition of existing rocks and their lithification over time. Examples of each rock type are provided and the rock cycle diagram illustrates how the different rock types are interrelated.
Granite Tor
Granite tors form when magma cools and contracts below softer rock. Over time, erosion exposes the granite batholith and cracks form from contraction and pressure release. Freeze-thaw weathering from water in the cracks causes them to widen and break off scree. This leaves characteristic smooth, round edges and visible joints in the exposed tor. Dartmoor National Park in England has many popular granite tors for tourists to visit, such as Bowermans Nose, Black Tor, and Hay Tor.
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This document discusses weathering processes that break down rocks at Earth's surface. It defines weathering and distinguishes it from erosion. The main types of weathering are mechanical, chemical and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks through frost cracking, heat expansion and other physical processes without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the minerals through hydrolysis, oxidation and other reactions. Factors like climate, topography and vegetation influence weathering rates and produce landforms over time.
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This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooled magma, metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure acting on existing rocks, and sedimentary rocks form from layers of compressed sediment. Examples of each rock type are provided such as granite, marble, and sandstone. The rock cycle diagram illustrates how rocks continuously change between the three types over time through geological processes of melting, crystallization, weathering and erosion, and compression.
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Earth's landforms have changed over time due to weathering and erosion. There are two types of weathering - physical and chemical. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks. Erosion is the transport of weathered rocks and soil by various agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. Deposition occurs as the force of these agents decreases, depositing eroded sediments in new locations like bodies of water, alluvial fans and cross-bedded layers. Together, weathering, erosion and deposition are responsible for shaping Earth's constantly evolving surface over geological time.
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Granite tors form when magma cools and forms a batholith underneath softer rock. Over time, erosion exposes the batholith and weathering causes cracks from contraction and pressure release. Freeze-thaw weathering widens cracks as water enters and expands when freezing, breaking off scree. This leaves tors with visible joints, smooth rounded edges, and horizontal bedding planes. Dartmoor has many tors located in its national park, making it a popular tourist destination.
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Weathering and erosion shape the Earth's surface over time. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical, biological, and chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks through forces like earthquakes, while biological weathering occurs as plants and microbes grow and dissolve minerals. Chemical weathering changes the properties of rocks through exposure to acids. Erosion is the movement of weathered rocks and soil by forces like water, wind, and ice. Both weathering and erosion continuously alter the landscape through natural cycles.
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Sedimentary rocks are formed through the compaction and cementation of sediments. There are three main types of sedimentary rock: clastic rocks which are formed from compressed rock fragments or grains; organic rocks formed from remains of living things; and chemical rocks formed through chemical precipitation during evaporation. Examples of sedimentary rocks include shale, sandstone, limestone, and coal, which are important sources of energy and contain a fossil record of past life.
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The document discusses various types of weathering and erosion processes that break down and transport earth materials. It defines weathering as the chemical or mechanical breakdown of rocks due to weather exposure. The main types of weathering are mechanical, chemical, and biotic. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces physically without composition change. Chemical weathering alters the mineral composition through processes like hydrolysis and oxidation. Biotic weathering involves living organisms. Erosion is then defined as the removal or transportation of eroded earth materials by agents like water, wind, ice, and gravity. The key erosional processes discussed are water erosion, wind erosion, glacial erosion, sea erosion, and soil erosion.
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The document discusses different types of weathering and erosion processes that break down and transport earth materials. It describes mechanical weathering which breaks rocks into smaller pieces without chemical change through processes like frost wedging and exfoliation. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through dissolution, hydrolysis and oxidation reactions aided by water, oxygen and living organisms. The document also outlines various agents of erosion like water, wind, glaciers and gravity that transport eroded sediments from their source locations.
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This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma either underground or on the surface as lava. Metamorphic rocks form from the change of existing igneous or sedimentary rocks through heat and pressure in the earth. Sedimentary rocks form through the compression of sediment layers, which are made up of pieces of eroded earth that have been transported and deposited over time. Examples of each rock type are provided and the rock cycle diagram illustrates how the different rocks are interrelated as they form and change over millions of years.
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This document discusses weathering processes that break down rocks at Earth's surface. It defines weathering and distinguishes it from erosion. The main types of weathering are mechanical, chemical and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks through frost cracking, heat expansion and other physical processes without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the minerals through hydrolysis, oxidation and other reactions. Factors like climate, topography and vegetation influence weathering rates and produce landforms over time.
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This document defines and describes the three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooled magma, metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure acting on existing rocks, and sedimentary rocks form from layers of compressed sediment. Examples of each rock type are provided such as granite, marble, and sandstone. The rock cycle diagram illustrates how rocks continuously change between the three types over time through geological processes of melting, crystallization, weathering and erosion, and compression.
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Earth's landforms have changed over time due to weathering and erosion. There are two types of weathering - physical and chemical. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks. Erosion is the transport of weathered rocks and soil by various agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity. Deposition occurs as the force of these agents decreases, depositing eroded sediments in new locations like bodies of water, alluvial fans and cross-bedded layers. Together, weathering, erosion and deposition are responsible for shaping Earth's constantly evolving surface over geological time.
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Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through either physical or chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks mechanically through processes like frost wedging or plant roots, while chemical weathering uses chemical agents like water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids to decompose the minerals within rocks. Erosion is the process by which weathered material is transported and deposited elsewhere by forces including water, wind, ice, and gravity through processes such as river transport, glacial erosion, and landslides.
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Weathering involves the disintegration and decomposition of rocks through mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. It is a static process that breaks rocks down over time without moving them, helping to form soil. The main types of mechanical weathering are frost wedging, exfoliation, and erosion by wind and water. Frost wedging occurs when water enters cracks in rocks and freezes, expanding to break the rocks. Exfoliation is the layer by layer peeling of rocks caused by extreme temperature changes. Erosion then transports the weathered materials from their source.
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weathering is the process of disintegration (physical breakdown) and decomposition (chemical breakdown) of rocks and minerals. In physical weathering, rocks are reduced in size but the chemical composition remains unaltered. In contrast, chemical weathering alter the chemical composition of rocks by changing the mineral constitutes. In weathering, primary minerals are decomposed to form secondary minerals. Weathering plays a vital role in soil formation.
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The document discusses different types of weathering that break down rock into sediment particles. It describes physical weathering processes like abrasion, frost wedging, and exfoliation that crack or break rocks without chemical changes. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that alter the rock's composition, such as carbonation, oxidation, hydration, and reactions with plant acids or acid rain. Weathering produces sediments, dissolved minerals, soil, and drives erosion. The rate of weathering depends on climate, rock type, exposure, and particle size.
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The document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and how they are related through the rock cycle. Igneous rock forms when magma cools, sedimentary rock forms from compressed layers of sediment, and metamorphic rock forms from changes to other rock types caused by heat, pressure, or both. Examples are provided for each rock type.
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Rocks are naturally occurring solids composed of two or more minerals. There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma underground or lava on the surface. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments and often contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks but were changed by heat and pressure in the Earth's crust. Rocks are constantly changing from one type to another through the rock cycle over millions of years.
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The document discusses the different types of rocks:
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Weathering and erosion shape the Earth's surface over time. Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical, biological, and chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks through forces like earthquakes, while biological weathering occurs as plants and microbes grow and dissolve minerals. Chemical weathering changes the properties of rocks through exposure to acids. Erosion is the movement of weathered rocks and soil by forces like water, wind, and ice. Both weathering and erosion continuously alter the landscape through natural cycles.
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The document discusses various types of weathering and erosion processes that break down and transport earth materials. It defines weathering as the chemical or mechanical breakdown of rocks due to weather exposure. The main types of weathering are mechanical, chemical, and biotic. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces physically without composition change. Chemical weathering alters the mineral composition through processes like hydrolysis and oxidation. Biotic weathering involves living organisms. Erosion is then defined as the removal or transportation of eroded earth materials by agents like water, wind, ice, and gravity. The key erosional processes discussed are water erosion, wind erosion, glacial erosion, sea erosion, and soil erosion.
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There are three main types of rock that are formed through different processes: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies, either underground to form intrusive rocks like granite or on the surface to form extrusive rocks like basalt. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments over time. Metamorphic rocks form from other rocks undergoing heat and pressure, changing their mineral composition. Rocks are constantly changing between these forms through the rock cycle of weathering, erosion, deposition, and metamorphism.
Weathering
Weathering breaks down rocks through various processes. There are three main types of weathering: physical, chemical, and biological. Physical weathering breaks rocks through mechanical means like freeze-thaw weathering which uses expanding water to crack rocks or exfoliation from temperature changes. Chemical weathering uses acids to dissolve rocks over time. Biological weathering occurs when plants, lichens, and their roots interact with rocks and produce acids that erode the rocks. Erosion then transports and deposits the eroded pieces of rock, shaping the landscape.
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Rocks vary in size, shape, and texture due to weathering and erosion over hundreds of years. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering is caused by forces like water, wind, ice, and plants. Chemical weathering occurs when acids from water and carbon dioxide dissolve minerals. Erosion then transports these sediment particles to new locations through agents like wind, water, and animals. This constant weathering and erosion gradually reshapes the landscape over time.
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Weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals at Earth's surface through contact with the atmosphere, biota, and water. There are three main types of weathering: mechanical, chemical, and biological. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through processes like exfoliation and frost cracking. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through reactions with water and acids. Biological weathering occurs when living organisms contribute to the breakdown of surface materials.
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The rock cycle document describes the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and how they are formed through different natural processes. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat or pressure deep underground. Rocks are constantly being worn down by weathering and erosion and then reformed through processes like sedimentation, melting, and metamorphism, completing the continuous rock cycle.
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Water freezing in cracks causes physical weathering of rocks in three ways:
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2) When ice melts, water gets further into cracks, which then expand more when freezing.
3) This repeated freezing and thawing enlarges cracks until pieces of rock break off.
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Erosion is the transportation of weathered materials by wind, water, ice, or gravity. Water and ice erode rocks by entering cracks and expanding when freezing, weakening the rock over time. Erosion causes mudslides and landslides when materials slide down hills. Deposition occurs when sediment is deposited by slowing winds or water in places like river deltas or banks. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through extreme heat and cold, water, and ice wearing away at the rocks. There are three types of weathering: mechanical, physical, and chemical.
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Weathering and erosion processes shape the Earth's landscapes through the wearing away of rock. Weathering involves no movement of debris and includes processes like frost cracking, temperature changes, and pressure release that cause rock to break down in place. Erosion involves the movement of weathered rock fragments by agents like water, ice, and wind. The main types of weathering are physical weathering which breaks rock without chemical change, and chemical weathering which alters the minerals in rock through processes like carbonation, solution, oxidation, and hydrolysis. These natural forces create varied topographies globally over long periods of time.
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Rock weathering breaks down Earth's crust through physical and chemical processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical means like temperature changes, plant and animal activity, and abrasion. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and acids. The rate of weathering depends on factors like climate, rock type, and exposure. Weathering produces sediments and soils that cover much of the Earth's surface.
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The document discusses the destructive forces that weather landforms over time. It describes weathering as the process where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by forces like water, freezing and thawing, plant and animal activity, and acid in water. Weathering destroys existing landforms and creates new ones through erosion and deposition. The two main components of destructive forces are weathering, which breaks rocks into smaller pieces, and erosion, which transports weathered material.
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This document summarizes the rock cycle and how different types of rocks can be transformed into one another through various geological processes. It explains that chemical and physical weathering can break down igneous and metamorphic rocks over time. The resulting sediment can then be lithified into sedimentary rock or subjected to heat and pressure to form metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock can also weather to sediment and recrystallize as sedimentary rock, or melt to form new igneous rock. Sedimentary rock can likewise transform into igneous or metamorphic rock through heating, melting, and recrystallization deep underground.
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The document describes the processes of rock formation and weathering. Sedimentary rock forms through sedimentation, compaction and cementation as layers of rock particles are deposited and pressed together over long periods of time. Metamorphic and igneous rocks form through heat and pressure underground, with magma cooling to form igneous rock. Rocks at the surface weather through physical, chemical and biological processes, breaking down into particles that are eroded and transported by wind and water before settling and cementing into new sedimentary rock.
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Erosion and weathering shape Earth's surface through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through freezing and thawing, plant and animal actions, and abrasion by other particles. Chemical weathering alters rocks through reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, organisms, and acid rain. These weathering processes further break down rocks, which are then transported and eroded by forces like wind, water and glaciers to form landscapes like the Grand Canyon over long periods of time.
Erosion jeopardy
This document discusses various types of weathering and erosion processes that shape the Earth's surface over time. It describes mechanical and chemical weathering as two types of weathering that break down rocks. It also explains different erosional forces including wind, water, ice and gravity that transport weathered material and leave characteristic landforms behind. Specifically, it provides examples of landforms created by deposition of materials by wind such as dunes and loess deposits.
Ch.11.rocks and soil (part 2)
Minerals are naturally occurring substances formed from elements in the Earth. Rocks are composed of minerals stuck together, while ores contain high quantities of metal compounds and are mined. Soil is formed through the weathering and breakdown of rocks into particles, and provides nutrients and anchoring for plant growth. It has distinct layers and properties depending on its composition of materials like sand, silt, clay and humus that influence texture, drainage and suitability for agriculture. Loam soil with a balanced mixture of components is most favorable for cultivation.
39rocks and soil part 2
Minerals are naturally occurring substances formed from elements in the Earth. Rocks are composed of minerals stuck together, while ores contain high quantities of metal compounds and are mined. Soil is formed through the weathering and breakdown of rocks into particles, and provides nutrients and anchoring for plant growth. It has distinct layers and properties depending on its composition of materials like sand, silt, clay and humus that influence texture, drainage and suitability for agriculture. Loam soil with a balanced mixture of components is most favorable for cultivation.
weatheringfinal11-151223061952.pdf
Mechanical and chemical weathering break down rocks into smaller pieces. Mechanical weathering causes physical disintegration through processes like frost wedging, plant roots, and temperature changes without altering the rock's chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters rocks through chemical reactions with water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acids. Water is the main agent of chemical weathering, dissolving minerals and rocks through hydrolysis and hydration. Carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, which breaks down minerals like limestone. Oxidation also contributes to chemical weathering.
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Egypt
- 1. WEATHERING
- 2. WEATHERING PHYSICAL WEATHERING CHEMICAL WEATHERING BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING FREEZE THAW ONION SKIN ACID RAIN OXIDATION PLANT WEATHERING ANIMAL WEATHERING
- 3. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Physical weathering takes place when rock is split or broken into smaller pieces.
- 4. FREEZE THAW Water seeps into small cracks in a rock. When the water freezes, it expands, causing the rock to break apart. This happens where winters are very cold and temperatures are often below zero.
- 5. ROCKS BROKEN BY FREEZE THAW WEATHERING
- 6. FREEZE THAW EFFECTS ON A HIGH MOUNTAIN.
- 7. FREEZE THAW IN ACTION
- 8. ONION - SKIN WEATHERING This happens when there is a marked change in the daily temperature. During the day, it is very hot and the outside of the rocks heat up and expands. The same rock cools at night, when the temperatures go drastically down, causing the rock to contract. The process repeats itself day after day, causing the rock to break off in slabs .
- 9. PICTURES SHOWING HOW THE TOP LAYERS OF THESE ROCKS ARE BREAKING AWAY.
- 10. AN ONION MADE OF ROCK OR WHAT ?
- 12. STATUES IN HIGHLY POLLUTED CITIES GET WORN AWAY BY THE EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN ON THEM. Can you think of another type of weathering affecting this statue?
- 14. WHY WOULD YOU SAY THIS ROCK HAS A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF IRON IN IT?
- 15. GRAVESTONE AFFECTED BY BOTH OXIDATION AND ACID RAIN
- 16. OXIDATION Rust appears on the outside of these rocks. Nevada’s Valley of Fire
- 17. STALACTITES AND STALAGMITES Limestone is dissolved to form these stalactites,stalagmites and caves.
- 18. SOME ARE MORE RESISTANT THAN OTHERS SO THEY ARE NOT WEATHERED AWAY SO EASILY. ROCKS ARE AFFECTED IN DIFFERENT WAYS BY WEATHERING.
- 19. BIOLOGICAL WEATHERING Plants and animals can also cause weathering. Seeds can find their way into the cracks in rocks where they can sprout and grow. As the plant grows its roots grow down into the crack in the rock and eventually get larger. The growth of the plant can cause the rock to break apart.
- 20. WHAT WILL HAPPEN NEXT?
- 21. EARTHQUAKE?... NO!!! PLANT WEATHERING!
- 22. The end. Designed by Cecilia Hunter, 2004