Weathering breaks rocks into small pieces through various natural processes like abrasion where wind blows sand and rocks against larger rocks wearing them down, or carbonic acid formation when carbon dioxide dissolves in water forming a weak acid. Chemical weathering also changes the outer form and color of rocks through rain, heat, and wind altering their chemical makeup, while physical weathering modifies the rock structure without chemical changes through exfoliation where rocks peel in layers or other non-chemical impacts.