Enterprise resource planning (ERP) projects are susceptible to changes in the business environment, and the increasing velocity of change in global business is challenging the project managers of ERP. Literature on ERP projects reveals that the success of the ERP system greatly depends on the rigour of the software quality processes. The objective of this paper is to analyse the efficiency of ERP projects based on their quality measures (defect counts) using the Data Envelopment Analysis Constant Returns to Scale (DEA CRS) model and identify the most efficient ERP projects. Such projects may serve as potential role models and the quality processes of these projects may be adopted by the future ERP projects leading to successful implementation. The implications of the findings for both practice and research are discussed, and probable areas of future research identified.

1. Efficiency analysis of ERP projects
Software Quality Perspective
International Journal of Project
Management 33 (2015) 961–970
Software Project Management

2. Outline
 Overview of Paper
 Methodology
 Validation and Analysis
 Comparison with Core Areas of SPM
 Suggestions for Improvement
 References
 Question/Answer Session

3. By: Ayesha Saeed
Overview of Paper

4. Introduction to ERP
 Packaged Software
 ERP are not same as Conventional IT
Systems
 Defined term “Efficiency” as Software
productivity of ERP projects.
Project Effort
Function Point
Quality Measure

5. Overview of Paper
 Emphasize the need to access efficiency of ERP
projects based on quality Measure.
 Summarize related previous research work on
evaluating ERP Projects
 Research Objectives, Methodology , data
collection and analysis
 Validity of Results, conclusion and Future work

6. Research Objective
 ERP are Large scale project and involve
customization
 No research consider the efficiency from Quality
perspective.
 DEA CRS is use to identify most Efficient ERP
project.

7. By: Rabia Noureen
Proposed Model

8. DEA Model
 Data Envelopment Analysis
 A linear programming application aimed at
evaluating the efficiencies of similar decision-
making units (DMUs) based upon the inputs and
outputs associated with the DMUs.
 What does it mean to be efficient?
 Maximizing output with keeping input constant.
 Minimizing input with keeping output constant.
Efficiency=Total weighted Output / Total weighted Input

9. Research Framework
Fig.1.Conceptual research framework
Input variables
Output variables

10. The Model
Objective
Formula
Efficiency
score
Selected output
of each facility
in the set o.
Selected input
of each facility
in the set o.
Weights

11. The Constraints
The input and output
values, as well as all
weights are assumed by
the formulation to be
greater than or equal to
zero; the efficiency score
less than or equal to 1.

12. Results validation
By: Farwa Kazmi

13. Dataset
 Dataset consists of 10 ERP projects developed for
the educational institutions by Sylax company.
 for efficiency comparison only academic module of
each ERP system was considered.

14. Results of 10 ERP projects
Projec
t ID
(Bi)
I/O units
PE FP
DC
Potential improvement
required in %
PE FP
Efficiency
of ERP
projects %
B1 1.689 555 10 0 0 100
B2 8.938 699 15 71.50 19.10 28.50
B3 11.513 1348 12 64.18 0 35.85
B4 31.709 2219 8 78.58 0 21.42
B5 34.25 599 8 94.65 0 5.35
B6 50.027 1908 10 88.33 0 11.67
B7 1.652 345 9 7.49 44.78 92.51
B8 6.631 1080 3 50.17 0 49.83
B9 11.899 482 3 87.61 0 12.39
B10 10.8 1130 3 67.99 0 32.01

15. Validity of Results
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
B1 B2 B5 B7 B9
PE (input)
FP (output)
efficiency

16. Conclusion
“ project effort, product size and defects arising out
of a product should be well balanced to achieve
the efficiency of a project”

17. By: Sadia Majeed
Paper Comparison With SPM Core
Areas

18. Software Quality And SPM Core Areas
 Software Quality
 Totality of feature of product to satisfy customer need
 No of defects per unit size in product
 The following core areas of SPM influence the
way efficiency of ERP system is analyzed.
 SCOPE
 TIME
 COST
 QUALITY
 They are not independent
 If we increase scope it will require additional time and
cost if quality is not compromised

19. DEA Model Variables And SPM Core Areas
 In DEA model three main variables are
being used
Project Effort: PE (Persons-months)
Function Points: FP (Size of project)
Quality Measure: DC (Defects-count)SPM CORE AREAS DEA MODEL VARIABLES
Scope Size is measured in terms of
functional points of project
Cost and Time Project effort
Quality Defects Count

20. Efficiency Analysis In Terms Of
Dea Variables And SPM Core
Areas
The project to be reasonably efficient the PE, FP and
DC should be well balanced
 If SCOPE of project increases then DC(defect count)
increases as a result efficiency decreases
 If DC(defect count) is low then efficiency will increase
results in QUALITY software product
 In the research projects B1 and B7 were having less FP so less
DC arises. Thus Efficiency was high
 Project COST vary according to PE(Project Effort) so
as Efficiency varies
 Cost of developing software is man power employed
 In B8,B9,B10 projects DC was same but they require
improvements in PE. So their efficiency was average

21. Critique And Improvements
By: Madeha Arif

22. Critique of the Paper
• Inaccurate dataset. Not from customization
perspective.
• Ignoring managerial aspect of project.
• DC do not only depend on project size and
size is not only related to project effort.
• Only radial approach to identify efficiency of
project.

23. Suggestions for Improvements
 Focus on managerial aspects of project quality
assurance.
 Manage Defect Count as part of the quality
management process.
 Focus on other external factors: schedule
constraints and risk parameters.
 Use non-oriented blended approach:
Simultaneous input reduction and output
expansion approach.

24. Further Work
Efficiency assessment of software systems based
on:
 Productivity
 Quality measures
 Schedule
 Risks
Using non-oriented DEA model.

25. References:
 William W Cooper. Cooper Framework
http://deazone.com/en/cooper-
framework/cooperframework-phase4 Retrieved on
18 Oct’2015
 William W Cooper. What is DEA
http://deazone.com/en/resources/tutorial Retrieved
on 17 Oct’2015
 William W Cooper. What is ERP
https://www.syspro.com/product/what-is-erp
Retrieved on 18 Oct’2015
 Toshiyuki Sueyoshi, The Journal of the Operational
Research Society Vol. 41, No. 3 (Mar., 1990) “A
Special Algorithm for an Additive Model in Data
Envelopment Analysis”. Retrieved on 18 Oct’2015